结果高度对‘厂’形栽培葡萄果穗微域环境、果实发育及酒品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.08.011

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 1907-1918.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.08.011

• 园艺特产·种质资源·贮藏保鲜加工·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

结果高度对‘厂’形栽培葡萄果穗微域环境、果实发育及酒品质的影响

白世践¹(), 户金鸽¹, 薛锋², 张雯³, 谢辉³, 赵荣华¹, 陈光¹, 蔡军社¹()

1.新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善 838200
2.吐鲁番楼兰酒庄股份有限公司,新疆吐鲁番 838201
3.新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2021-11-15 出版日期:2022-08-20 发布日期:2022-10-01
通信作者: 蔡军社
作者简介:白世践（1986-）,男,云南人,农艺师,研究方向为葡萄栽培,（E-mail） 594748964@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项(2020B01005-1);吐鲁番市重点研发专项(2021006);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-29-26);国家自然科学基金(31860531)

Effects of Fruit Set Heights on the Cluster Micro-Environment, Fruit Development and Wine Quality of ‘M-VSP’ Cultivation Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes in Extreme Arid Region

BAI Shijian¹(), HU Jinge¹, XUE Feng², ZHANG Wen³, XIE Hui³, ZHAO Ronghua¹, CHEN Guang¹, CAI Junshe¹()

1. Research Institute of Grapes and Melons of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shanshan Xinjiang 838200, China
2. Turpan Loulan Chateua Co., Ltd., Turpan Xinjiang 838201, China
3. Research Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xingjian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2021-11-15 Online:2022-08-20 Published:2022-10-01
Correspondence author: CAI Junshe
Supported by:
Key Research and Development Project in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020B01005-1);Key Research and Development Project in in turpan(2021006);Special Fund for the Industrial System Construction of Modern Agriculture of China(CARS-29-26);National National Science Foundation of China(31860531)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究极端干旱区‘厂’形栽培条件下,结果高度对酿酒葡萄果穗微域环境、果实发育及酒质的影响,为极端干旱区陈酿型酿酒葡萄原料品质提升及‘厂’形标准化栽培适宜结果高度的选择提供参考。【方法】以吐鲁番地区‘厂’形栽培的 6 a生赤霞珠葡萄为试材,设置不同结果高度（40、60、80、100 cm）,分析不同结果高度葡萄生长期果穗微域环境、果实发育、成熟期果实品质及葡萄酒品质差异。【结果】结果高度不同,葡萄生长发育阶段果穗微域温、湿度、光合有效辐射存在差异。40 cm平均温度较80、100 cm分别降低 0.84℃（2.77%）和0.73℃（2.42%）;40 cm超过35℃温差总和、≥35℃高温时长较80、100 cm分别降低7.58 %、13.39 %和10.54 %、13.87 %;40、60 cm相比80、100 cm果穗微域平均湿度分别提高8.86 %、4.90 %和15.40%、11.21%;40 cm中午至夜间温度处于最低水平,湿度全天均处于较高水平;40 cm较60、80、100 cm平均光合有效辐射降低20.81 %、21.85 %和37.95 %,全天光合有效辐射值一直处于最低水平。果实发育后期结果高度越高果粒质量和果粒体积降低越显著,果实失水萎蔫程度越高,造成糖、酸及部分酚类物质浓缩。采收期果穗质量随结果高度增大而减小,100 、80 cm的果穗质量较 40 cm分别减小45.38 %和20.75 %;100、80 cm果粒质量较40 cm分别减小 16.67%、10.78 %。40 cm的果穗紧密度表现为适中稍偏紧,相比 80 、100 cm萎蔫率降低 91.41 %和 76.87 %,种皮颜色、果皮颜色值亦相对较低;40 cm相比 60 、80、100 cm还原糖质量浓度降低 6.32 %、8.76 %和 13.35 %,相比 60、80 cm总酸质量浓度提高 6.46 %,果皮总酚含量较 60、80、100 cm增加 6.84 %、13.02 %和8.63 %。40 cm的葡萄酒酒精度、花色苷含量低,但酸度高、单宁含量较为丰富。【结论】极端干旱区采用低‘厂’形（40 cm）栽培能够有效改善果穗微域环境,避免高温、低湿、强光造对果实不利影响,有效改善葡萄糖分积累和有机酸降解过快、酚类物质积累不足的现象,提高酿酒葡萄及葡萄酒品质。

关键词: 酿酒葡萄; 结果高度; 果穗微域气候; 果实品质; 酒品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of fruit set height on cluster micro-environment,fruit quality and wine quality of wine grape under ‘M-VSP’ in extreme arid region in the hope of providing a reference for the improvement of raw material quality of aging wine grape and the selection of suitable fruit set height for standardized cultivation of ‘M-VSP’ cultivation in this kind of environment. 【Methods】 Different fruit set height（40 cm,60 cm,80 cm and 100 cm）of 6 years old wine Cabernet Sauvignon grapes were taken as experiment materials to analyze the cluster microenvironment, fruit development, fruit quality and wine quality of different fruit set heights. 【Results】 Cluster microdomain temperature, humidity and PAR were different in different fruit set heights during the growth stage of wine grape, average temperature of 40cm was 0.84℃（2.77%） and 0.73℃（2.42%） lower than 80cm and 100cm respectively,temperature difference sum and heat hours of 40 cm exceed 35℃ decreased by 7.58 %,13.39 % and 10.54 %,13.87 % respectively compared with 80 cm and 100 cm,average humidity of cluster microdomain of 40 cm and 60 cm were increased by 8.86 %,4.90 % and 15.40%,11.21% compared with 80 cm and 100 cm. The temperature from noon to night of 40cm was the minimum, but humidity of all day was higher than others,PAR of 40 cm was decreased by 20.81 %,21.85 % and 37.95 % compare with 60 cm,80 cm and 100 cm,and PAR of 40 cm the whole day was the minimum. The higher bearing height,the smaller berry weight and berry volume and the higher degree of wilting at later fruit development,so sugar,acid and some phenols began to concentrate. Cluster weight was decreased along with bearing height increase,cluster weight and berry weight of 100 cm and 80 cm were decreased by 45.38 %,20.75 % and 16.67%,10.78 % compared with 40 cm. Cluster of 40 cm was moderation,wilting percent decreased by 91.41 % and 76.87 %,seed coat color and skin color value was relatively low. Reducing sugar mass concentration and total phenols of 40 cm was decreased by 6.32 %,8.76 %,13.35 % and 6.84 %,13.02 % and 8.63 % compared with 60 cm,80 cm and 100 cm respectively,total acid mass concentration of 40 cm was increased by 6.46 % compared with 60 cm and 80 cm,alcohol content and anthocyanins content of 40 cm were relatively low,however acid and tannins were higher. 【Conclusion】 ‘M-VSP’of 40 cm can effectively improve cluster microenvironment,slow down flucose accumulation speed,remain high acid,enhance phenolic content,thus improving the quality of wine grapes and wines.

Key words: cabernet sauvignon; fruit set height; cluster micro-environment; fruit quality; wine quality

中图分类号:

S663.1

白世践, 户金鸽, 薛锋, 张雯, 谢辉, 赵荣华, 陈光, 蔡军社. 结果高度对‘厂’形栽培葡萄果穗微域环境、果实发育及酒品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(8): 1907-1918.

BAI Shijian, HU Jinge, XUE Feng, ZHANG Wen, XIE Hui, ZHAO Ronghua, CHEN Guang, CAI Junshe. Effects of Fruit Set Heights on the Cluster Micro-Environment, Fruit Development and Wine Quality of ‘M-VSP’ Cultivation Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes in Extreme Arid Region[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(8): 1907-1918.

图/表 9

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月份 Month	处理 Treatment （cm）	最高温 Highest temperature（℃）	最低温 Minimum temperature （℃）	极温差 Polar temperature difference（℃）	平均温度Average temperature（℃）	超过35℃温差总和 The sum of temperature difference exceeding 35℃（℃）	≥35℃高温时长Time of temperature exceeding 35℃（h）	平均湿度Average humidity（%）
6月下旬 Late June	40	47.80±0.73^a	17.80±0.02^a	29.72±0.42^a	31.11±0.06^d	70.12±0.99^a	67.52±1.02^c	45.72±0.39^b
	60	45.40±0.14^b	17.70±0.07^a	27.70±0.07^b	31.28±0.03^c	58.61±1.59^c	68.54±0.49^c	50.09±3.03^a
	80	44.90±0.08^b	17.80±0.29^a	27.10±0.25^b	31.55±0.05^b	62.74±1.92^b	75.5±1.37^b	43.54±0.78^b
	100	45.50±0.24^b	17.60±0.33^a	27.90±0.09^b	32.08±0.03^a	67.45±0.47^a	79.49±1.59^a	46.69±1.13^b
7月 July	40	44.00±0.49^b	17.60±0.12^c	26.40±0.37^bc	29.06±0.04^c	138.42±2.04^b	161.51±2.49^c	53.89±0.85^a
	60	43.80±0.53^b	18.10±0.07^b	25.70±0.47^c	29.74±0.04^b	138.21±3.20^b	176.53±3.31^b	54.89±0.93^a
	80	45.50±0.34^a	18.40±0.07^a	27.10±0.28^a	30.37±0.13^a	169.34±6.30^a	194.08±5.55^a	46.05±0.12^c
	100	44.70±0.33^ab	17.80±0.12^c	26.90±0.25^ab	29.87±0.07^b	167.58±2.43^a	188.50±1.62^a	49.44±1.09^b
8月 August	40	46.30±0.08^a	12.10±0.03^b	34.20±0.11^ab	28.23±0.07^c	170.62±1.76^bc	153.25±5.51^bc	48.61±0.82 b
	60	46.60±0.45^a	12.30±0.10^a	34.30±0.35^ab	28.60±0.05^b	164.38±4.77^c	149.00±4.18^c	52.15±2.38 a
	80	45.00±0.56^b	12.30±0.04^a	32.70±0.60^b	29.04±0.03^a	178.21±2.37^b	157.52±4.94^b	46.59±0.81 bc
	100	46.50±0.07^a	12.00±0.07^b	34.50±0.30^a	28.67±0.06^b	202.82±8.38^a	175.56±3.97^a	45.17±0.53 c

月份 Month	处理 Treatment （cm）	最高温 Highest temperature（℃）	最低温 Minimum temperature （℃）	极温差 Polar temperature difference（℃）	平均温度Average temperature（℃）	超过35℃温差总和 The sum of temperature difference exceeding 35℃（℃）	≥35℃高温时长Time of temperature exceeding 35℃（h）	平均湿度Average humidity（%）
6月下旬 Late June	40	47.80±0.73^a	17.80±0.02^a	29.72±0.42^a	31.11±0.06^d	70.12±0.99^a	67.52±1.02^c	45.72±0.39^b
	60	45.40±0.14^b	17.70±0.07^a	27.70±0.07^b	31.28±0.03^c	58.61±1.59^c	68.54±0.49^c	50.09±3.03^a
	80	44.90±0.08^b	17.80±0.29^a	27.10±0.25^b	31.55±0.05^b	62.74±1.92^b	75.5±1.37^b	43.54±0.78^b
	100	45.50±0.24^b	17.60±0.33^a	27.90±0.09^b	32.08±0.03^a	67.45±0.47^a	79.49±1.59^a	46.69±1.13^b
7月 July	40	44.00±0.49^b	17.60±0.12^c	26.40±0.37^bc	29.06±0.04^c	138.42±2.04^b	161.51±2.49^c	53.89±0.85^a
	60	43.80±0.53^b	18.10±0.07^b	25.70±0.47^c	29.74±0.04^b	138.21±3.20^b	176.53±3.31^b	54.89±0.93^a
	80	45.50±0.34^a	18.40±0.07^a	27.10±0.28^a	30.37±0.13^a	169.34±6.30^a	194.08±5.55^a	46.05±0.12^c
	100	44.70±0.33^ab	17.80±0.12^c	26.90±0.25^ab	29.87±0.07^b	167.58±2.43^a	188.50±1.62^a	49.44±1.09^b
8月 August	40	46.30±0.08^a	12.10±0.03^b	34.20±0.11^ab	28.23±0.07^c	170.62±1.76^bc	153.25±5.51^bc	48.61±0.82 b
	60	46.60±0.45^a	12.30±0.10^a	34.30±0.35^ab	28.60±0.05^b	164.38±4.77^c	149.00±4.18^c	52.15±2.38 a
	80	45.00±0.56^b	12.30±0.04^a	32.70±0.60^b	29.04±0.03^a	178.21±2.37^b	157.52±4.94^b	46.59±0.81 bc
	100	46.50±0.07^a	12.00±0.07^b	34.50±0.30^a	28.67±0.06^b	202.82±8.38^a	175.56±3.97^a	45.17±0.53 c

处理 Treatment （cm）	最高温 Highest temperature（℃）	最低温 Minimum temperature （℃）	极温差 Polar temperature difference（℃）	平均温度Average temperature（℃）	超过35℃温差总和 The sum of temperature difference exceeding 35℃（℃）	≥35℃高温时长Time of temperature exceeding 35℃（h）	平均湿度Average humidity（%）	平均光合有效辐射 Average hotosynthetic effective radiation（µmol/（m²·s））
40	45.93±0.43^a	15.83±0.04^b	30.20±0.14^a	29.48±0.06^d	126.37±1.59^c	127.33±3.01^b	49.41±0.14^b	26.86±2.67^c
60	45.27±0.37^a	16.03±0.08^ab	29.23±1.36^a	29.87±0.02^c	120.37±3.19^c	130.67±2.66^b	52.38±2.11^a	33.92±1.65^b
80	45.13±0.33^a	16.17±0.10^a	28.97±0.21^a	30.32±0.07^a	136.73±3.53^b	142.33±3.95^a	45.39±0.57^c	34.37±1.80^b
100	45.57±0.21^a	15.80±0.18^b	29.77±0.03^a	30.21±0.03^b	145.90±3.76^a	147.83±1.33^a	47.10±0.92^c	43.29±3.21^a

处理 Treatment （cm）	最高温 Highest temperature（℃）	最低温 Minimum temperature （℃）	极温差 Polar temperature difference（℃）	平均温度Average temperature（℃）	超过35℃温差总和 The sum of temperature difference exceeding 35℃（℃）	≥35℃高温时长Time of temperature exceeding 35℃（h）	平均湿度Average humidity（%）	平均光合有效辐射 Average hotosynthetic effective radiation（µmol/（m²·s））
40	45.93±0.43^a	15.83±0.04^b	30.20±0.14^a	29.48±0.06^d	126.37±1.59^c	127.33±3.01^b	49.41±0.14^b	26.86±2.67^c
60	45.27±0.37^a	16.03±0.08^ab	29.23±1.36^a	29.87±0.02^c	120.37±3.19^c	130.67±2.66^b	52.38±2.11^a	33.92±1.65^b
80	45.13±0.33^a	16.17±0.10^a	28.97±0.21^a	30.32±0.07^a	136.73±3.53^b	142.33±3.95^a	45.39±0.57^c	34.37±1.80^b
100	45.57±0.21^a	15.80±0.18^b	29.77±0.03^a	30.21±0.03^b	145.90±3.76^a	147.83±1.33^a	47.10±0.92^c	43.29±3.21^a

处理 Treatment （cm）	果穗质量 Cluster mass （g）	果粒质量 Berry mass （g）	果穗紧密度 Cluster density	萎蔫率 Wilting rate （%）	果皮颜色值 Berry skin color value	种皮颜色值 Seed coat color value
40	69.83±4.45^a	1.02±0.02^b	6.78±0.52^a	1.67±0.24^c	3.50±0.02^b	3.20±0.02^b
60	76.17±6.72^a	1.09±0.02^a	5.00±0.25^b	2.22±0.35^c	3.69±0.04^a	3.27±0.03^ab
80	55.34±5.25^b	0.91±0.03^c	4.33±0.78^b	7.22±1.49^b	3.37±0.06^c	3.25±0.03^b
100	38.14±10.42^c	0.85±0.02^d	2.78±0.21^c	19.44±3.21^a	3.76±0.08^a	3.34±0.05^a

结果高度对‘厂’形栽培葡萄果穗微域环境、果实发育及酒品质的影响

Effects of Fruit Set Heights on the Cluster Micro-Environment, Fruit Development and Wine Quality of ‘M-VSP’ Cultivation Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes in Extreme Arid Region

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Metrics

处理 Treatment （cm）	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids （%）	还原糖 Reducing sugar （g/L）	总酸 Total acid （g/L）	pH	花色苷 Anthocyanins （mg/g）	总酚 Total phenols （mg/g）	单宁 Tannins （mg/g）
40	22.00± 1.11^b	178.36 ±1.49^c	6.59± 0.15^a	4.39±0.03^b	3.44±0.26^c	15.36±0.45^a	8.00± 0.09^a
60	23.17±1.21^ab	190.39±2.62^b	6.19±0.21^b	4.44±0.01^a	3.61±0.12^c	14.31± 0.27^b	7.94± 0.08^a
80	23.67± 1.50^ab	195.54±3.43^b	6.19±0.12^b	4.40±0.01^b	4.10±0.13^b	13.59±0.44^c	7.74± 0.09^b
100	24.67± 1.03^a	205.85±2.32^a	6.38±0.09^ab	4.44± 0.01^a	4.45±0.21^a	14.14±0.57^bc	7.91±0.05^a

处理 Treatment （cm）	酒精度 Alcohol content（%）	残糖 Residual sugar （g/L）	总酸 Total acid （g/L）	单宁 Tannins （g/L）	总酚 Total phenols （g/L）	花色苷 Anthocyanins （mg/L）	pH
40	9.20±0.21^b	0.98±0.04^d	8.75±0.25^a	1.29±0.12^a	1.65±0.15^b	97.65±4.36^c	4.30±0.02^c
60	10.21±0.42^a	1.32±0.01^b	7.25±0.35^c	0.81±0.10^b	1.79±0.11^ab	103.42±2.45^bc	4.53±0.02^a
80	10.74±0.38^a	1.20±0.04^c	7.75±0.16^bc	0.80±0.08^b	1.75±0.15^ab	105.34±2.21^b	4.42±0.02^b
100	10.22±0.26^a	1.53±0.08^a	8.00±0.18^b	0.82±0.14^b	1.89±0.08^a	111.49±3.59^a	4.45±0.01^b

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