新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 1907-1918.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.08.011
• 园艺特产·种质资源·贮藏保鲜加工·土壤肥料 • 上一篇 下一篇
白世践1(), 户金鸽1, 薛锋2, 张雯3, 谢辉3, 赵荣华1, 陈光1, 蔡军社1()
收稿日期:
2021-11-15
出版日期:
2022-08-20
发布日期:
2022-10-01
通信作者:
蔡军社
作者简介:
白世践(1986-),男,云南人,农艺师,研究方向为葡萄栽培,(E-mail) 594748964@qq.com
基金资助:
BAI Shijian1(), HU Jinge1, XUE Feng2, ZHANG Wen3, XIE Hui3, ZHAO Ronghua1, CHEN Guang1, CAI Junshe1()
Received:
2021-11-15
Online:
2022-08-20
Published:
2022-10-01
Correspondence author:
CAI Junshe
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究极端干旱区‘厂’形栽培条件下,结果高度对酿酒葡萄果穗微域环境、果实发育及酒质的影响,为极端干旱区陈酿型酿酒葡萄原料品质提升及‘厂’形标准化栽培适宜结果高度的选择提供参考。【方法】以吐鲁番地区‘厂’形栽培的 6 a生赤霞珠葡萄为试材,设置不同结果高度(40、60、80、100 cm),分析不同结果高度葡萄生长期果穗微域环境、果实发育、成熟期果实品质及葡萄酒品质差异。【结果】结果高度不同,葡萄生长发育阶段果穗微域温、湿度、光合有效辐射存在差异。40 cm平均温度较80、100 cm分别降低 0.84℃(2.77%)和0.73℃(2.42%);40 cm超过35℃温差总和、≥35℃高温时长较80、100 cm分别降低7.58 %、13.39 %和10.54 %、13.87 %;40、60 cm相比80、100 cm果穗微域平均湿度分别提高8.86 %、4.90 %和15.40%、11.21%;40 cm中午至夜间温度处于最低水平,湿度全天均处于较高水平;40 cm较60、80、100 cm平均光合有效辐射降低20.81 %、21.85 %和37.95 %,全天光合有效辐射值一直处于最低水平。果实发育后期结果高度越高果粒质量和果粒体积降低越显著,果实失水萎蔫程度越高,造成糖、酸及部分酚类物质浓缩。采收期果穗质量随结果高度增大而减小,100 、80 cm的果穗质量较 40 cm分别减小45.38 %和20.75 %;100、80 cm果粒质量较40 cm分别减小 16.67%、10.78 %。40 cm的果穗紧密度表现为适中稍偏紧,相比 80 、100 cm萎蔫率降低 91.41 %和 76.87 %,种皮颜色、果皮颜色值亦相对较低;40 cm相比 60 、80、100 cm还原糖质量浓度降低 6.32 %、8.76 %和 13.35 %,相比 60、80 cm总酸质量浓度提高 6.46 %,果皮总酚含量较 60、80、100 cm增加 6.84 %、13.02 %和8.63 %。40 cm的葡萄酒酒精度、花色苷含量低,但酸度高、单宁含量较为丰富。【结论】极端干旱区采用低‘厂’形(40 cm)栽培能够有效改善果穗微域环境,避免高温、低湿、强光造对果实不利影响,有效改善葡萄糖分积累和有机酸降解过快、酚类物质积累不足的现象,提高酿酒葡萄及葡萄酒品质。
中图分类号:
白世践, 户金鸽, 薛锋, 张雯, 谢辉, 赵荣华, 陈光, 蔡军社. 结果高度对‘厂’形栽培葡萄果穗微域环境、果实发育及酒品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(8): 1907-1918.
BAI Shijian, HU Jinge, XUE Feng, ZHANG Wen, XIE Hui, ZHAO Ronghua, CHEN Guang, CAI Junshe. Effects of Fruit Set Heights on the Cluster Micro-Environment, Fruit Development and Wine Quality of ‘M-VSP’ Cultivation Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes in Extreme Arid Region[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(8): 1907-1918.
月份 Month | 处理 Treatment (cm) | 最高温 Highest temperature(℃) | 最低温 Minimum temperature (℃) | 极温差 Polar temperature difference(℃) | 平均温度Average temperature(℃) | 超过35℃温差总和 The sum of temperature difference exceeding 35℃(℃) | ≥35℃高温时长Time of temperature exceeding 35℃(h) | 平均湿度Average humidity(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6月下旬 Late June | 40 | 47.80±0.73a | 17.80±0.02a | 29.72±0.42a | 31.11±0.06d | 70.12±0.99a | 67.52±1.02c | 45.72±0.39b |
60 | 45.40±0.14b | 17.70±0.07a | 27.70±0.07b | 31.28±0.03c | 58.61±1.59c | 68.54±0.49c | 50.09±3.03a | |
80 | 44.90±0.08b | 17.80±0.29a | 27.10±0.25b | 31.55±0.05b | 62.74±1.92b | 75.5±1.37b | 43.54±0.78b | |
100 | 45.50±0.24b | 17.60±0.33a | 27.90±0.09b | 32.08±0.03a | 67.45±0.47a | 79.49±1.59a | 46.69±1.13b | |
7月 July | 40 | 44.00±0.49b | 17.60±0.12c | 26.40±0.37bc | 29.06±0.04c | 138.42±2.04b | 161.51±2.49c | 53.89±0.85a |
60 | 43.80±0.53b | 18.10±0.07b | 25.70±0.47c | 29.74±0.04b | 138.21±3.20b | 176.53±3.31b | 54.89±0.93a | |
80 | 45.50±0.34a | 18.40±0.07a | 27.10±0.28a | 30.37±0.13a | 169.34±6.30a | 194.08±5.55a | 46.05±0.12c | |
100 | 44.70±0.33ab | 17.80±0.12c | 26.90±0.25ab | 29.87±0.07b | 167.58±2.43a | 188.50±1.62a | 49.44±1.09b | |
8月 August | 40 | 46.30±0.08a | 12.10±0.03b | 34.20±0.11ab | 28.23±0.07c | 170.62±1.76bc | 153.25±5.51bc | 48.61±0.82 b |
60 | 46.60±0.45a | 12.30±0.10a | 34.30±0.35ab | 28.60±0.05b | 164.38±4.77c | 149.00±4.18c | 52.15±2.38 a | |
80 | 45.00±0.56b | 12.30±0.04a | 32.70±0.60b | 29.04±0.03a | 178.21±2.37b | 157.52±4.94b | 46.59±0.81 bc | |
100 | 46.50±0.07a | 12.00±0.07b | 34.50±0.30a | 28.67±0.06b | 202.82±8.38a | 175.56±3.97a | 45.17±0.53 c |
表 1 高温不同月份结果高度下葡萄果穗微域温度、湿度变化
Table 1 The temperature and humidity of cluster microdomain in different fruit set heights of high temperature months
月份 Month | 处理 Treatment (cm) | 最高温 Highest temperature(℃) | 最低温 Minimum temperature (℃) | 极温差 Polar temperature difference(℃) | 平均温度Average temperature(℃) | 超过35℃温差总和 The sum of temperature difference exceeding 35℃(℃) | ≥35℃高温时长Time of temperature exceeding 35℃(h) | 平均湿度Average humidity(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6月下旬 Late June | 40 | 47.80±0.73a | 17.80±0.02a | 29.72±0.42a | 31.11±0.06d | 70.12±0.99a | 67.52±1.02c | 45.72±0.39b |
60 | 45.40±0.14b | 17.70±0.07a | 27.70±0.07b | 31.28±0.03c | 58.61±1.59c | 68.54±0.49c | 50.09±3.03a | |
80 | 44.90±0.08b | 17.80±0.29a | 27.10±0.25b | 31.55±0.05b | 62.74±1.92b | 75.5±1.37b | 43.54±0.78b | |
100 | 45.50±0.24b | 17.60±0.33a | 27.90±0.09b | 32.08±0.03a | 67.45±0.47a | 79.49±1.59a | 46.69±1.13b | |
7月 July | 40 | 44.00±0.49b | 17.60±0.12c | 26.40±0.37bc | 29.06±0.04c | 138.42±2.04b | 161.51±2.49c | 53.89±0.85a |
60 | 43.80±0.53b | 18.10±0.07b | 25.70±0.47c | 29.74±0.04b | 138.21±3.20b | 176.53±3.31b | 54.89±0.93a | |
80 | 45.50±0.34a | 18.40±0.07a | 27.10±0.28a | 30.37±0.13a | 169.34±6.30a | 194.08±5.55a | 46.05±0.12c | |
100 | 44.70±0.33ab | 17.80±0.12c | 26.90±0.25ab | 29.87±0.07b | 167.58±2.43a | 188.50±1.62a | 49.44±1.09b | |
8月 August | 40 | 46.30±0.08a | 12.10±0.03b | 34.20±0.11ab | 28.23±0.07c | 170.62±1.76bc | 153.25±5.51bc | 48.61±0.82 b |
60 | 46.60±0.45a | 12.30±0.10a | 34.30±0.35ab | 28.60±0.05b | 164.38±4.77c | 149.00±4.18c | 52.15±2.38 a | |
80 | 45.00±0.56b | 12.30±0.04a | 32.70±0.60b | 29.04±0.03a | 178.21±2.37b | 157.52±4.94b | 46.59±0.81 bc | |
100 | 46.50±0.07a | 12.00±0.07b | 34.50±0.30a | 28.67±0.06b | 202.82±8.38a | 175.56±3.97a | 45.17±0.53 c |
处理 Treatment (cm) | 最高温 Highest temperature(℃) | 最低温 Minimum temperature (℃) | 极温差 Polar temperature difference(℃) | 平均温度Average temperature(℃) | 超过35℃温差总和 The sum of temperature difference exceeding 35℃(℃) | ≥35℃高温时长Time of temperature exceeding 35℃(h) | 平均湿度Average humidity(%) | 平均光合有效辐射 Average hotosynthetic effective radiation(µmol/(m2·s)) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40 | 45.93±0.43a | 15.83±0.04b | 30.20±0.14a | 29.48±0.06d | 126.37±1.59c | 127.33±3.01b | 49.41±0.14b | 26.86±2.67c |
60 | 45.27±0.37a | 16.03±0.08ab | 29.23±1.36a | 29.87±0.02c | 120.37±3.19c | 130.67±2.66b | 52.38±2.11a | 33.92±1.65b |
80 | 45.13±0.33a | 16.17±0.10a | 28.97±0.21a | 30.32±0.07a | 136.73±3.53b | 142.33±3.95a | 45.39±0.57c | 34.37±1.80b |
100 | 45.57±0.21a | 15.80±0.18b | 29.77±0.03a | 30.21±0.03b | 145.90±3.76a | 147.83±1.33a | 47.10±0.92c | 43.29±3.21a |
表 2 高温月份不同结果高度下葡萄果穗微域温度、湿度及光合有效辐射指标均值
Table 2 Statistics of average value of temperature, humidity and photosynthetic effective radiation index of cluster microdomain in different fruit set heights of high temperature months
处理 Treatment (cm) | 最高温 Highest temperature(℃) | 最低温 Minimum temperature (℃) | 极温差 Polar temperature difference(℃) | 平均温度Average temperature(℃) | 超过35℃温差总和 The sum of temperature difference exceeding 35℃(℃) | ≥35℃高温时长Time of temperature exceeding 35℃(h) | 平均湿度Average humidity(%) | 平均光合有效辐射 Average hotosynthetic effective radiation(µmol/(m2·s)) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40 | 45.93±0.43a | 15.83±0.04b | 30.20±0.14a | 29.48±0.06d | 126.37±1.59c | 127.33±3.01b | 49.41±0.14b | 26.86±2.67c |
60 | 45.27±0.37a | 16.03±0.08ab | 29.23±1.36a | 29.87±0.02c | 120.37±3.19c | 130.67±2.66b | 52.38±2.11a | 33.92±1.65b |
80 | 45.13±0.33a | 16.17±0.10a | 28.97±0.21a | 30.32±0.07a | 136.73±3.53b | 142.33±3.95a | 45.39±0.57c | 34.37±1.80b |
100 | 45.57±0.21a | 15.80±0.18b | 29.77±0.03a | 30.21±0.03b | 145.90±3.76a | 147.83±1.33a | 47.10±0.92c | 43.29±3.21a |
图 1 不同结果高度下葡萄果穗微域温度、湿度及光合有效辐射日变化
Fig. 1 Daily changes of temperature, humidity and photosynthetic effective radiation of cluster microdomain in different fruit set heights
图 2 不同结果高度下葡萄果实发育后期果粒质量和果粒体积动态变化
Fig. 2 Dynamic change of berry mass and berry volume of during the fruit late development in different fruit set heights
图 4 不同结果高度下葡萄果实发育后期花色苷、总酚及单宁动态变化
Fig. 4 Dynamic change of anthocyanins, total phenols and tannins of during the fruit late development in different fruit set heights
处理 Treatment (cm) | 果穗质量 Cluster mass (g) | 果粒质量 Berry mass (g) | 果穗紧密度 Cluster density | 萎蔫率 Wilting rate (%) | 果皮颜色值 Berry skin color value | 种皮颜色值 Seed coat color value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40 | 69.83±4.45a | 1.02±0.02b | 6.78±0.52a | 1.67±0.24c | 3.50±0.02b | 3.20±0.02b |
60 | 76.17±6.72a | 1.09±0.02a | 5.00±0.25b | 2.22±0.35c | 3.69±0.04a | 3.27±0.03ab |
80 | 55.34±5.25b | 0.91±0.03c | 4.33±0.78b | 7.22±1.49b | 3.37±0.06c | 3.25±0.03b |
100 | 38.14±10.42c | 0.85±0.02d | 2.78±0.21c | 19.44±3.21a | 3.76±0.08a | 3.34±0.05a |
表 3 不同结果高度下葡萄外观品质指标变化
Table 3 Appearance quality indicators of grapes in different fruit set heights
处理 Treatment (cm) | 果穗质量 Cluster mass (g) | 果粒质量 Berry mass (g) | 果穗紧密度 Cluster density | 萎蔫率 Wilting rate (%) | 果皮颜色值 Berry skin color value | 种皮颜色值 Seed coat color value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40 | 69.83±4.45a | 1.02±0.02b | 6.78±0.52a | 1.67±0.24c | 3.50±0.02b | 3.20±0.02b |
60 | 76.17±6.72a | 1.09±0.02a | 5.00±0.25b | 2.22±0.35c | 3.69±0.04a | 3.27±0.03ab |
80 | 55.34±5.25b | 0.91±0.03c | 4.33±0.78b | 7.22±1.49b | 3.37±0.06c | 3.25±0.03b |
100 | 38.14±10.42c | 0.85±0.02d | 2.78±0.21c | 19.44±3.21a | 3.76±0.08a | 3.34±0.05a |
处理 Treatment (cm) | 可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%) | 还原糖 Reducing sugar (g/L) | 总酸 Total acid (g/L) | pH | 花色苷 Anthocyanins (mg/g) | 总酚 Total phenols (mg/g) | 单宁 Tannins (mg/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40 | 22.00± 1.11b | 178.36 ±1.49c | 6.59± 0.15a | 4.39±0.03b | 3.44±0.26c | 15.36±0.45a | 8.00± 0.09a |
60 | 23.17±1.21ab | 190.39±2.62b | 6.19±0.21b | 4.44±0.01a | 3.61±0.12c | 14.31± 0.27b | 7.94± 0.08a |
80 | 23.67± 1.50ab | 195.54±3.43b | 6.19±0.12b | 4.40±0.01b | 4.10±0.13b | 13.59±0.44c | 7.74± 0.09b |
100 | 24.67± 1.03a | 205.85±2.32a | 6.38±0.09ab | 4.44± 0.01a | 4.45±0.21a | 14.14±0.57bc | 7.91±0.05a |
表 4 不同结果高度下葡萄理化指标及酚类物质含量变化
Table 4 Physical and chemical indicators and phenolics contents of grapes in different fruit set heights
处理 Treatment (cm) | 可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%) | 还原糖 Reducing sugar (g/L) | 总酸 Total acid (g/L) | pH | 花色苷 Anthocyanins (mg/g) | 总酚 Total phenols (mg/g) | 单宁 Tannins (mg/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40 | 22.00± 1.11b | 178.36 ±1.49c | 6.59± 0.15a | 4.39±0.03b | 3.44±0.26c | 15.36±0.45a | 8.00± 0.09a |
60 | 23.17±1.21ab | 190.39±2.62b | 6.19±0.21b | 4.44±0.01a | 3.61±0.12c | 14.31± 0.27b | 7.94± 0.08a |
80 | 23.67± 1.50ab | 195.54±3.43b | 6.19±0.12b | 4.40±0.01b | 4.10±0.13b | 13.59±0.44c | 7.74± 0.09b |
100 | 24.67± 1.03a | 205.85±2.32a | 6.38±0.09ab | 4.44± 0.01a | 4.45±0.21a | 14.14±0.57bc | 7.91±0.05a |
处理 Treatment (cm) | 酒精度 Alcohol content(%) | 残糖 Residual sugar (g/L) | 总酸 Total acid (g/L) | 单宁 Tannins (g/L) | 总酚 Total phenols (g/L) | 花色苷 Anthocyanins (mg/L) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40 | 9.20±0.21b | 0.98±0.04d | 8.75±0.25a | 1.29±0.12a | 1.65±0.15b | 97.65±4.36c | 4.30±0.02c |
60 | 10.21±0.42a | 1.32±0.01b | 7.25±0.35c | 0.81±0.10b | 1.79±0.11ab | 103.42±2.45bc | 4.53±0.02a |
80 | 10.74±0.38a | 1.20±0.04c | 7.75±0.16bc | 0.80±0.08b | 1.75±0.15ab | 105.34±2.21b | 4.42±0.02b |
100 | 10.22±0.26a | 1.53±0.08a | 8.00±0.18b | 0.82±0.14b | 1.89±0.08a | 111.49±3.59a | 4.45±0.01b |
表 5 不同结果高度下葡萄酒理化指标及酚类物质含量
Table 5 Physical and chemical indicators and phenolics contents of wine in different fruit set heights
处理 Treatment (cm) | 酒精度 Alcohol content(%) | 残糖 Residual sugar (g/L) | 总酸 Total acid (g/L) | 单宁 Tannins (g/L) | 总酚 Total phenols (g/L) | 花色苷 Anthocyanins (mg/L) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40 | 9.20±0.21b | 0.98±0.04d | 8.75±0.25a | 1.29±0.12a | 1.65±0.15b | 97.65±4.36c | 4.30±0.02c |
60 | 10.21±0.42a | 1.32±0.01b | 7.25±0.35c | 0.81±0.10b | 1.79±0.11ab | 103.42±2.45bc | 4.53±0.02a |
80 | 10.74±0.38a | 1.20±0.04c | 7.75±0.16bc | 0.80±0.08b | 1.75±0.15ab | 105.34±2.21b | 4.42±0.02b |
100 | 10.22±0.26a | 1.53±0.08a | 8.00±0.18b | 0.82±0.14b | 1.89±0.08a | 111.49±3.59a | 4.45±0.01b |
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