核麦间作条件下小麦光合特性及核桃果实品质的变化

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究6a生核桃树与冬小麦间作巷道的光环境特性以及对比单间作核桃之间果实品质差异,为核桃与小麦的提升光合作用及品质提供理论支撑。【方法】 使用LAI-2200C冠层分析仪和LI- 6400便携式光合仪,分别测定2种模式下核桃各时期叶面积指数以及冬小麦各时期的光合生理数据;对比分析间作园与单作园核桃果实品质差异。【结果】 在核桃各个生长期中,单作园核桃叶面积指数要高于间作园;冬小麦不同生育时期光饱和点为灌浆期>成熟期>扬花期>抽穗期,光补偿点为成熟期>扬花期>抽穗期>灌浆期;间作园核桃果实在干鲜果重、横、纵、侧径上要好于单作园果实,但出仁率、氨基酸、脂肪酸含量等指标要单作园果实要优于间作园果实。【结论】 间作条件下核桃叶面积指数小于单作核桃叶面积指数;核桃果实品质单作园优于间作园,光合生理指标间作小麦低于单作小麦;应改变间作园内光环境,增大核桃株行距;在6a生以上树龄核桃园不再进行间作。

关键词: 间作; 光环境; 核桃; 果实品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To provide theoretical support for the high yield and income increase of walnut and wheat by studying the light environmental characteristics of the roadway between 6a walnut tree and winter wheat and comparing the fruit quality difference between single planting walnut. 【Methods】 】LAI-2200C canopy analyzer and LI- 6400 portable photosynthetic apparatus were used to measure leaf area index (LAI) of walnut and photosynthetic physiological data of winter wheat at each period under the two modes. And after that, the difference of walnut fruit quality between intercropping gardens and single cropping gardens was analyzed. 【Results】 In each growing period of walnut, the leaf area index of monocultural orchard was higher than that of intercropping orchard. Light saturation points at different growth stages of winter wheat were shown as: filling stage > maturity stage > heading stage at flowering stage, and > filling stage at light compensation point at maturity stage, > at flowering stage, and > heading stage. In terms of dry fruit weight, horizontal, vertical and lateral diameter, intercropped walnut fruits were better than those of the monocropped fruits, but the yield, amino acid, fatty acid content and other indexes of the monocropped fruits were better than those of the intercropped fruits. 【Conclusion】 The leaf area index of walnut under intercropping condition is smaller than that of walnut under single cropping condition, and walnut fruit quality of monoculture is also better than that of intercropping orchard. Intercropping wheat photosynthetic physiological indexes are lower than those of monoculture wheat, so if we want to further improve the yield of walnut and wheat, the light environment in orchards should be changed, and the row planting space should be widened, or in other words, the orchards that are over 6a are not suitable for intercropping.

Key words: intercropping; light environment; walnut; fruit quality

中图分类号:

S512

朴涵琪, 余晓娥, 欧源, 王宝庆, 陈虹, 虎海防. 核麦间作条件下小麦光合特性及核桃果实品质的变化[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(2): 361-369.

PIAO Hanqi, YU Xiaoe, OU Yuan, WANG Baoqing, CHEN Hong, HU Haifang. Changes of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Wheat and Fruit Quality of Walnut under the Condition of Kernel-Wheat Intercropping Mode[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(2): 361-369.

图/表 10

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生长期 Growing period	光饱和点 Light saturation point	光补偿点 Light compensation point
抽穗期 Heading stage	818.581 2±23.85^a	20.685 5±3.27^a
扬花期 Flowering stage	1 718.871 1±20.18^a	30.286 4±4.32^a
灌浆期 Filling stage	2 592.455 1±22.05^b	21.434 6±3.11^a
成熟期 Mature stage	1 881.753 6±24.35^a	47.151 6±4.97^a

生长期 Growing period	光饱和点 Light saturation point	光补偿点 Light compensation point
抽穗期 Heading stage	818.581 2±23.85^a	20.685 5±3.27^a
扬花期 Flowering stage	1 718.871 1±20.18^a	30.286 4±4.32^a
灌浆期 Filling stage	2 592.455 1±22.05^b	21.434 6±3.11^a
成熟期 Mature stage	1 881.753 6±24.35^a	47.151 6±4.97^a

外观性状 External properties	种植方式Planting pattern
外观性状 External properties	单作 Monoculture	间作 Inter plant
果实鲜重 The fruit fresh weight	57.97±5.69^A	68.60±1.62^B
纵径 The longitudinal diameter	51.06±1.23^A	54.85±1.45^B
横径 The transverse diameter	47.63±2.27^aa	49.73±0.31^aa
侧径 The lateral diameter	45.01±0.99^aa	47.32±3.38^aa
青皮厚 Green husk thick	6.56±0.75^aa	6.66±0.64^aa
果实干重 The fruit dry weight	20.01±2.79^aa	25.10±4.11^aa
去皮后纵径 Longitudinal diameter after peeling	38.61±1.10^A	41.55±0.71^B
去皮后横径 Transverse diameter after peeling	34.10±0.78^aa	36.17±1.17^aa
去皮后侧径 Lateral diameter after peeling	33.55±0.79^aa	34.97±1.60^aa
壳厚 The shell thickness	0.96±0.26^aa	1.10±0.23^aa
壳重 The shell weight	5.58±1.28^aa	6.40±1.59^aa
单仁重 The kernel weight	7.59±0.90^aa	9.45±1.48^aa

外观性状 External properties	种植方式Planting pattern
外观性状 External properties	单作 Monoculture	间作 Inter plant
果实鲜重 The fruit fresh weight	57.97±5.69^A	68.60±1.62^B
纵径 The longitudinal diameter	51.06±1.23^A	54.85±1.45^B
横径 The transverse diameter	47.63±2.27^aa	49.73±0.31^aa
侧径 The lateral diameter	45.01±0.99^aa	47.32±3.38^aa
青皮厚 Green husk thick	6.56±0.75^aa	6.66±0.64^aa
果实干重 The fruit dry weight	20.01±2.79^aa	25.10±4.11^aa
去皮后纵径 Longitudinal diameter after peeling	38.61±1.10^A	41.55±0.71^B
去皮后横径 Transverse diameter after peeling	34.10±0.78^aa	36.17±1.17^aa
去皮后侧径 Lateral diameter after peeling	33.55±0.79^aa	34.97±1.60^aa
壳厚 The shell thickness	0.96±0.26^aa	1.10±0.23^aa
壳重 The shell weight	5.58±1.28^aa	6.40±1.59^aa
单仁重 The kernel weight	7.59±0.90^aa	9.45±1.48^aa

营养成分 Nutrition ingredient	种植方式Planting pattern
营养成分 Nutrition ingredient	单作 Monoculture	间作 Inter plant
棕榈酸 Palmitic acid	6.94±0.05^A	6.60±0.05^B
硬脂酸 Stearic acid	2.54±0.09^A	2.22±0.01^B
油酸 Oleic acid	14.29±0.03^A	18.30±0.1^B
亚油酸 Linoleic acid	61.50±0.07^A	59.40±0.07^B
亚麻酸 Linoleic acid	12.90±0.03^A	11.50±0.04^B
单宁 Tannin	1.97±0.01^A	2.52±0.04^B
脂肪 Axunge	68.98±0.05^a	68.83±0.05^b
皂化值 Saponifitation value	190.00±0.20^A	190.76±0.15^B
蛋白质 Protein	13.60±0.2^A	12.80±0.1^B
氨基酸 Amino acid	14.33±0.11^A	13.93±0.05^B