盐渍化条件下棉花成苗及水盐分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (10): 2390-2395.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.006

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

盐渍化条件下棉花成苗及水盐分析

忠智博¹(), 何帅¹(), 张万恒¹, 周建伟¹, 郑国玉¹, 马军勇¹, 程鸿¹, 石聪², 张欣²

1.新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所/农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000
2.石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2023-02-13 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-11-01
通信作者: 何帅(1976-),男,山东文登人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为农业节水与土壤改良,(E-mail)xjshzhs@163.com
作者简介:忠智博(1994-),男,新疆塔城人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为节水灌溉,(E-mail)zhong2933@126.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团财政科技计划项目(2021AB009);国家自然科学基金重大项目(51790533);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900805-06);院级科研项目(2023YJ006)

Study on cotton formation and water salt transportation under salinization

ZHONG Zhibo¹(), HE Shuai¹(), ZHANG Wanheng¹, ZHOU Jianwei¹, ZHENG Guoyu¹, MA Junyong¹, CHENG Hong¹, SHI Cong², ZHANG Xin²

1. Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil-fertilizer,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences/Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
2. Agricultural College of Shihezi Univerity, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China

Received:2023-02-13 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-11-01
Correspondence author: HE Shuai (1976-), male, born in Wendeng, Shandong Province, associate researcher, master, research direction on agricultural water saving and soil improvement.(E-mail)xjshzhs@163.com
Supported by:
Corps financial science and technology program funding(2021AB009);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51790533);National Key RESEARCH and development Program(2021YFD1900805-06);Institute-level scientific research project(2023YJ006)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究棉花苗期不同盐化土壤条件下水盐运移规律,分析不同棉花品种成苗规律与土壤盐度之间的相关关系,为盐渍化条件下棉花种植提供理论依据。【方法】 以新疆南疆主栽棉花品种塔河2号、新陆中56号、新陆中87号为材料,于2021年布置完全随机盆栽试验,依据全国土壤盐渍化分级标准设置3个盐分梯度:3、5和15 g/kg(依次记为S₁、S₂、S₃),试验土壤为南疆小海子灌区原状盐渍土。【结果】 (1)灌水一段时间后,在土壤含盐量为15 g/kg的条件下,土壤含水率高于其他处理;(2)不同盐度处理0~20 cm土层含盐量都显著高于20~40 cm土层,随着土壤初始含盐量的增加,表层返盐加重;(3)塔河2号、新陆中56号和新陆中87号棉花在土壤含盐量分别达到6.94、7.04、7.09 g/kg时,成苗数为0,可作为棉花苗期耐盐极限值。【结论】 当土壤盐分达到耐盐极限值时,土壤渗透性减弱,返盐加重,严重影响棉花成苗。棉花苗期对土壤盐度响应显著,盐渍土种植棉花应以盐定水,及时调控土壤盐分含量。

关键词: 棉花; 盐渍化; 含水率; 土壤含盐量; 水盐运移

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the law of water and salt movement in different salinized soil conditions in cotton seedling stage, and clarify the relationship between the seedling formation law of different cotton varieties and soil salinity,the results can provide a theoretical basis for cotton cultivation under salinization conditions.【Methods】 The main cotton varieties in southern Xinjiang Tahe 2, Xinluzhong 56, and Xinluzhong 87 were taken as the research object, a completely randomized pot experiment was arranged in 2021. Three salt gradients shall be set according to the national soil salinization classification standard: 3, 5 and 15 g/kg (designated as S₁, S₂ and S₃ in turn), and the test soil was the original saline soil in Xiaohaizi irrigation area in southern Xinjiang.【Results】 (1) After a period of irrigation, under the condition of the soil salt content of 15 g/kg, the soil moisture content was higher than that of other treatments; (2) The salt content of 0-20 cm soil layer with different salinity treatment was significantly higher than that of 20-40 cm soil layer. With the increase of the initial salt content of the soil, the salt return to the surface layer increased; (3) According to the fitting equation, when the soil salt content of Tahe 2, Xinluzhong 56, and Xinluzhong 87 cotton reached 6.94, 7.04 and 7.09 g/kg, respectively, the number of adult seedlings was 0, which can be used as the salt resistance limit value of cotton in the seedling period.【Conclusion】 When the soil salt reaches the salt resistance limit value, soil permeability is weakened, salt aggravation seriously affects the cotton seedlings. It can be seen that the cotton seedling period responds significantly to the soil salinity, and the cotton planted in saline soil should be controlled by salt water, and soil salt content should be adjusted in time.

Key words: cotton; salinization; rate of water content; soil salt content; water and salt transport

中图分类号:

忠智博, 何帅, 张万恒, 周建伟, 郑国玉, 马军勇, 程鸿, 石聪, 张欣. 盐渍化条件下棉花成苗及水盐分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(10): 2390-2395.

ZHONG Zhibo, HE Shuai, ZHANG Wanheng, ZHOU Jianwei, ZHENG Guoyu, MA Junyong, CHENG Hong, SHI Cong, ZHANG Xin. Study on cotton formation and water salt transportation under salinization[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(10): 2390-2395.

图/表 7

表1 不同盐分土壤pH值及N、P、K含量

Tab.1 pH values and N, P and K content of different salt soil

盐分处理 Salt treat- ments	pH	含盐量 Saltness (g/kg)	碱解氮含量 Nitrogen content of alkali (mg/kg)	速效磷含量 Fast-acting phosphorus content (mg/kg)	速效钾 Quick effect potassium (mg/kg)
S₁	8.12	3.00	66.82	13.29	197.99
S₂	8.15	5.00	17.18	1.63	179.68
S₃	8.25	15.00	34.01	5.11	248.34

表2 全国土壤盐渍化分级标准对比(0~20 cm)

Tab.2 Comparison table of the national soil salinization classification standards(g/kg)

盐化类型 Salinization type	非盐化 Non salinization	轻盐化 Mild salinization	中盐化 Moderate salinization	重盐化 Heavy salinization	盐土 Saline soil
碳酸盐Carbonate	<1.0	1.0~3.0	3.0~5.0	5.0~7.0	>7.0
氯化物Chloride	<2.0	2.0~4.0	4.0~6.0	6.0~10.0	>10
硫酸盐Sulfate	<3.0	3.0~5.0	5.0~7.0	7.0~12	>12

图1 总盐与电导率换算关系

Fig.1 Conversion relation between total salt and electrical conductivity

图2 不同土层深度的含水率分布

Fig.2 Distribution of water content of different soil layer depths

图3 不同土层深度的总盐分布

Fig.3 Total salt distribution at different soil depths

图4 不同土层深度的pH变化

Fig.4 pH variation of different soil layer depths

图5 成苗数与土壤含盐量响应关系

Fig.5 Relationship between the number of adult seedlings and soil salt content

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盐渍化条件下棉花成苗及水盐分析

Study on cotton formation and water salt transportation under salinization

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