旱稻和水稻生长发育及产量对灌水量的响应

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.12.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究不同灌水量对旱稻(旱香1号)和水稻(粮香3号)的产量及生育特性的影响,为新疆旱稻种植的适宜灌溉量提供理论依据。【方法】 采用覆膜滴灌栽培模式,以旱稻和水稻为研究对象,水稻为对照,设置5个灌水量,分别为 375 mm(W₁)、525 mm(W₂)、675 mm(W₃)、900 mm(W₄)、1 125 mm(W₅),研究滴灌覆膜下不同灌溉量对旱稻和水稻产量和生长发育的影响。【结果】 不同灌水处理下,旱稻和水稻随灌水量减少生育期延迟、株高、叶面积指数、干物质量、产量、WUE等呈下降趋势。675 mm(W₃)处理下旱稻产量及WUE显著提高,分别为4 506 kg/hm²、0.67;1 125 mm(W₅)处理下水稻产量最高为7 485 kg/hm²,WUE为0.67。当灌水量大于675 mm后增加灌溉量旱稻产量无显著差异,且旱稻在 675 mm(W₃)灌溉量时比水稻产量高60.45%、水分利用效率高61.19%。旱稻各灌溉下产量平均值比水稻高11.24%、水分利用效率高10%、节水22.2%。【结论】 新疆干旱区种植旱稻受水分限制小,在节约水资源、提高产量的同时,新疆旱稻种植的最优灌水量为675 mm。

关键词: 旱稻; 水稻; 生长发育; 产量; 灌水量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different irrigation amounts on the yield and growth characteristics of upland rice (Hanxiang 1) and paddy rice (Liangxiang 3) by using the mulching drip irrigation mode with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the appropriate irrigation amount for upland rice cultivation in Xinjiang.【Methods】 Upland rice and paddy rice were taken as the research objects and common rice as the control, five irrigation amounts, 375 mm(W₁), 525 mm(W₂), 675 mm(W₃), 900 mm(W₄) and 1125 mm(W₅) were set to study the effects of different irrigation amounts on the yield, growth and development of upland rice and paddy rice under drip irrigation and film mulching.【Results】 The results showed that under different irrigation treatments, the growth period delayed, plant height, leaf area index, dry matter weight, yield and WUE of upland rice and rice decreased with the decrease of irrigation amounts. Under 675 mm (W₃) treatment, upland rice yield and WUE were significantly increased, which were 4,506 kg/hm² and 0.67, respectively. Under 1,125 mm(W₅) treatment, the highest yield of rice was 7,485 kg/hm² and WUE was 0.67. There was no significant difference in upland rice yield when the irrigation amount was greater than 675 mm, and upland rice yield was 60.45% higher and water use efficiency was 61.19% higher when the irrigation amount was 675 mm (W₃) than that of rice. The average yield, water use efficiency and water saving amount of upland rice under each irrigation were 11.24%, 10% and 22.2% higher than those of paddy rice.【Conclusion】 Planting upland rice in arid region of Xinjiang is limited by water. In addition to saving water resources and improving yield, The optimal irrigation amount for upland rice planting in Xinjiang is 675 mm.

Key words: upland rice; paddy rice; growth and development; yield; irrigation water

中图分类号:

S511

王露霞, 索常凯, 褚璇, 冶军, 闵伟, 侯振安. 旱稻和水稻生长发育及产量对灌水量的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(12): 2979-2987.

WANG Luxia, SUO Changkai, CHU Xuan, YE Jun, MIN Wei, HOU zhenan. Response of Growth Development and Yield of Upland Rice and Paddy Rice to Irrigation Amount[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(12): 2979-2987.

图/表 7

参考文献 28

[1]	程勇翔, 王秀珍, 郭建平, 等. 中国水稻生产的时空动态分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(17):3473-3485.
	CHENG Yongxiang, WANG Xiuzhen, Guo Jianping, et al. The temporal-spatial dyinamic analysis of China Rice production[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(17):3473-3485.
[2]	Seck P A, Diagne A, Mohanty S, et al. Crops that feed the world 7: Rice[J]. Food Security, 2012, 4(1):7-24. DOI URL
[3]	马丙菊, 常雨晴, 景文疆, 等. 水稻水分高效利用的机理研究进展[J]. 中国稻米, 2019, 25(3):15-20. DOI
	MA Bingju, CHANG Yuqing, JING Wenjiang, etc.Advances in research on mechanism of efficient water use in rice[J]. China Rice, 2019, 25(3):15-20.
[4]	郑海燕. 水资源环境问题及可持续发展管理措施[J]. 资源节约与环保, 2017,(4):100-101.
	ZHENG Haiyan. Water resource environmental problems and sustainable development management measures[J]. Resources Conservation and Environmental Protection, 2017,(4):100-101.
[5]	胡莹, 黄益宗, 段桂兰, 等. 镉对不同生态型水稻的毒性及其在水稻体内迁移转运[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2012, 7(6):664-670.
	HU Ying, HUANG Yizong, DUAN Guilan, et al. Toxicity of cadmium to different ecotypes of rice and its transport in rice[J]. Acta Ecotoxicologica Sinica, 2012, 7(6):664-670.
[6]	丁颖. 中国水稻品种的生态类型及其与生产发展的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 1964,(10):5-10.
	DING Yin. Ecological types of rice varieties in China and their relationship with production development[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1964,(10):5-10.
[7]	黄晨. 冀中南地区旱稻生产现状及发展对策[J]. 河北农业, 2018,(8):55-57.
	HuANG Cheng. Current situation and development countermeasures of upland rice production in central and southern Hebei[J]. Hebei Agriculture, 2018,(8):55-57.
[8]	崔晓军, 薛昌颖, 杨晓光, 等. 不同水分处理旱稻农田蒸散特征和水分利用效率[J]. 农业工程学报, 2008,(4):49-54.
	CUI Xiaojun, XUE Changying, YANG Xiaoguang, et al. Characteristics of evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of upland rice under different water treatments[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2008,(4):49-54.
[9]	张耗, 剧成欣, 陈婷婷, 等. 节水灌溉对节水抗旱水稻品种产量的影响及生理基础[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(23):4782-4793.
	ZHANG Hao, JU Chengxin, CHEN Tingting, et al. Effects of water-saving irrigation on yield and physiological basis of water-saving and drought-resistant rice varieties[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(23):4782-4793.
[10]	白丽荣, 郭晓丽, 苏长青, 等. 旱稻研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 河南农业科学, 2012, 41(5):1-3.
	BAI Lirong, GUO Xiaoli, SU Changqing, et al. Current situation and development trend of upland rice research[J]. Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 41(5):1-3.
[11]	朱旭东. 水稻与陆稻的耐旱性及产量潜力的研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2006.
	ZHU Xudong. Study on drought tolerance and yield potential of rice and upland rice[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2006.
[12]	杨翠玲. 水稻需水规律及合理灌溉方法[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2013,(2):75-76.
	YANG Cuiling. Water requirement of rice and rational irrigation methods[J]. Agricultural Development and Equipment, 2013,(2):75-76.
[13]	赵黎明, 李明, 郑殿峰, 等. 灌溉方式与种植密度对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(6):159-169.
	ZHAO Liming, LI Ming, ZHENG Dianfeng, et al. Effects of irrigation methods and planting density on rice yield and photosynthetic substance production characteristics in cold region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(6):159-169.
[14]	Stone E C, Hornberger G M. Impacts of management alternatives on rice yield and nitrogen losses to the environment: A case study in rural Sri Lanka[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 542 (JAN.15PT.A):271-276.
[15]	陈婷婷, 杨建昌. 移栽水稻高产高效节水灌溉技术的生理生化机理研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2014, 28(1):103-110.
	CHEN Tingting, YANG Jianchang. Advances in physiological and biochemical mechanisms of high-yield and water-saving irrigation in transplanting rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2014, 28(1):103-110.
[16]	侯丹平, 谭金松, 毕庆宇, 等. 水分胁迫对节水抗旱稻产量形成和根系形态生理特性的影响[J/OL]. 中国水稻科学:1-14
	HOU Danping, TAN Jinsong, BI Qingyu, et al. Effects of water stress on yield formation and root morphological and physiological characteristics of water-saving and drought-resistant rice[J/OL]. Rice Science in China:1-14
[17]	胡继芳. 拔节孕穗期水分控制对不同旱稻品种生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2020,(4):178-182.
	HU Jifang. Effects of water control at jointing and booting stage on growth, development and yield of different upland rice varieties[J]. Crop Journal, 2020,(4):178-182.
[18]	于靖, 徐淑琴, 高婷. 分蘖期不同程度水分胁迫对水稻需水规律及生长发育的影响[J]. 节水灌溉, 2012,(7):21-23.
	YU Jing, XU Shuqin, GAO Ting. Effects of different degrees of water stress at tillering stage on water requirement and growth of rice[J]. Water Saving Irrigation, 2012,(7):21-23.
[19]	邵玺文, 张瑞珍, 齐春艳, 等. 拔节孕穗期水分胁迫对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 吉林农业大学学报, 2004,(3):237-241.
	SHAO Xiwen, ZHANG Ruizhen, QI Chunyan, et al. Effects of water stress on growth and yield of rice at jointing and booting stage[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2004,(3):237-241.
[20]	陈展宇, 徐克章, 吴磊, 等. 旱作条件下旱稻和水稻叶片光合特性及RuBP羧化酶活性的比较[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 40(5):87-91, 98.
	CHEN Zhanyu, XU Kezhang, WU Lei, et al. Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics and RuBP carboxylase activity between upland rice and rice under dry cropping conditions[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Ed.), 2012, 40(5):87-91, 98.
[21]	徐一兰, 刘唐兴, 付爱斌. 不同灌溉方式对双季稻植株生理特性和干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(5):106-115. DOI
	XU Yilan, LIU Tangxing, FU Aibin. Effects of different irrigation methods on plant physiological characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield of double cropping rice[J]. Journal of North China Agriculture, 2019, 34(5):106-115.
[22]	马晓鹏, 莫彦, 吕玉平, 等. 不同灌水量与每穴直播粒数对滴灌水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2019, 38(9):1-7.
	MA Xiaopeng, MO Yan, LU Yuping, et al. Effects of different irrigation amount and seed number per hole on growth and yield of rice under drip irrigation[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2019, 38(9):1-7.
[23]	邓环, 曹凑贵, 程建平, 等. 不同灌溉方式对水稻生物学特性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2008,(3):602-606.
	DENG Huan, CAO Caogui, CHENG Jianping, et al. Effects of different irrigation methods on biological characteristics of rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2008,(3):602-606.
[24]	徐强, 吕廷波, 马晓鹏, 等. 水分调控和栽培方式对滴灌水稻生长及灌溉水利用效率的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2020, 33(1):46-52.
	XU Qiang, LV Tingbo, MA Xiaopeng, et al. Effects of water regulation and cultivation methods on rice growth and irrigation water utilization efficiency under drip irrigation[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 33(1):46-52.
[25]	王贺正, 徐国伟, 马均, 等. 水分胁迫对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 中国种业, 2009,(1):47-49.
	WANG Hezheng, XU Guowei, MA Jun, et al. Effects of water stress on growth and yield of rice[J]. China Seed Industry, 2009,(1):47-49.
[26]	董淑喜, 徐淑琴. 水分胁迫对寒区水稻生长特性及产量的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2008, 27(6): 64-66.
	DONG Shuxi, XU Shuqin. Effects of water stress on growth characteristics and yield of rice in cold region[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2008, 27(6): 64-66.
[27]	RRomeo J, Cabangon, et al. Effect of irrigation method and N-fertilizer management on rice yield, water productivity and nutrient-use efficiencies in typical lowland rice conditions in China[J]. Paddy&Water Environment, 2004, 2(4):195-206.
[28]	李俊峰, 杨建昌. 水分与氮素及其互作对水稻产量和水肥利用效率的影响研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(3): 327-334. DOI
	LI Junfeng, YANG Jianchang. Effects of water and nitrogen on rice yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2017, 31(3): 327-334. DOI

分配比例 allocation proportion (%)		苗期 Seedling stage	分蘖期 Tillering stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	乳熟期 Filling stage	汇总 Total
分配比例 allocation proportion (%)		20	30	15	15	20	100
处理 Treatments	W₁	75	112.5	56.25	56.25	75	375
	W₂	105	157.5	78.75	78.75	105	525
	W₃	135	202.5	101.25	101.25	135	675
	W₄	180	270	135	135	180	900
	W₅	225	337.5	168.75	168.75	225	1125

分配比例 allocation proportion (%)		苗期 Seedling stage	分蘖期 Tillering stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	乳熟期 Filling stage	汇总 Total
分配比例 allocation proportion (%)		20	30	15	15	20	100
处理 Treatments	W₁	75	112.5	56.25	56.25	75	375
	W₂	105	157.5	78.75	78.75	105	525
	W₃	135	202.5	101.25	101.25	135	675
	W₄	180	270	135	135	180	900
	W₅	225	337.5	168.75	168.75	225	1125

处理 Treatments		分蘖期 Tillering stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	齐穗期 Full heading stage	乳熟期 Filling stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
旱稻 Upland rice	W₁	0.79^ab	1.49^a	/	/	/
	W₂	0.62^b	1.9^a	1.79^a	2.7^a	1.89^a
	W₃	0.96^a	2.02^a	2.03^a	2.96^a	2.57^a
	W₄	0.71^b	1.64^a	1.83^a	2.46^a	2.38^a
	W₅	0.8^ab	1.96^a	2.09^a	2.27^a	2.54^a
	Mean	0.77^B	1.8^B	1.55^B	2.08^B	1.88^B
水稻 Rice	W₁	1.24^b	/	/	/	/
	W₂	1.54^b	/	/	/	/
	W₃	1.93^a	3.64^ab	6.19^a	7.3^b	4.1^ab
	W₄	1.96^a	4.1^a	6.88^a	7.49^b	4.77^ab
	W₅	1.96^a	4.93^a	7^a	8.82^a	5.74^a
	Mean	1.72^A	2.53^A	4.01^A	4.72^A	2.92^A
两因素方差分析(显著性) Two-way ANOVA (Significance)
	C	**	**	**	**	**
	W	**	**	**	**	**
	CW*	**	**	**	**	**

处理 Treatments		分蘖期 Tillering stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	齐穗期 Full heading stage	乳熟期 Filling stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
旱稻 Upland rice	W₁	0.79^ab	1.49^a	/	/	/
	W₂	0.62^b	1.9^a	1.79^a	2.7^a	1.89^a
	W₃	0.96^a	2.02^a	2.03^a	2.96^a	2.57^a
	W₄	0.71^b	1.64^a	1.83^a	2.46^a	2.38^a
	W₅	0.8^ab	1.96^a	2.09^a	2.27^a	2.54^a
	Mean	0.77^B	1.8^B	1.55^B	2.08^B	1.88^B
水稻 Rice	W₁	1.24^b	/	/	/	/
	W₂	1.54^b	/	/	/	/
	W₃	1.93^a	3.64^ab	6.19^a	7.3^b	4.1^ab
	W₄	1.96^a	4.1^a	6.88^a	7.49^b	4.77^ab
	W₅	1.96^a	4.93^a	7^a	8.82^a	5.74^a
	Mean	1.72^A	2.53^A	4.01^A	4.72^A	2.92^A
两因素方差分析(显著性) Two-way ANOVA (Significance)
	C	**	**	**	**	**
	W	**	**	**	**	**
	CW*	**	**	**	**	**

处理 Treatments		分蘖期Tillering stage		孕穗期Booting stage		齐穗期Full heading stage			成熟期Maturity stage
处理 Treatments		叶片	茎鞘	叶片	茎鞘	叶片	茎鞘	穗	叶片	茎鞘	穗
旱稻 Upland rice	W₁	40.33^c	59.67^a	33.33^a	66.67^b	/	/	/	/	/	/
	W₂	44^a	56^c	33.67^a	66.33^b	30.67^a	60.67^a	8.67^c	16.67^a	51.33^a	32^b
	W₃	42.67^ab	57.33^bc	34.67^a	65.33^b	29.67^ab	57.33^ab	13^bc	12^b	38^b	50^a
	W₄	42^bc	58^ab	28.33^b	71.67^a	23.67^c	55.33^b	21.33^a	10.67^b	38.33^b	51^a
	W₅	42.67^ab	57.33^bc	32.67^a	67.33^a	26.67^ab	59^ab	14^b	12^b	37.67^b	50^a
	Mean	42.33^B	57.67^A	32.53^A	67.47^A	22.13^A	46.47^A	11.4^A	10.27^A	33.07^A	36.6^A
水稻 Rice	W₁	45.67^bc	54.33^ab	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
	W₂	46.67abc	53.33abc	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
	W₃	48.67^a	51.33^c	39.67^a	60.33^a	33^a	63.67^a	4^b	18.67^a	65.67^a	15^b
	W₄	47.67^ab	52.33^bc	38.33^a	61.67^a	29^b	64.67^a	6.67^a	14^b	46.67^b	39.67^a
	W₅	45.33^c	54.67^a	38.67^a	61.33^a	29^b	64^a	7^a	15.67^b	42.33^b	42^a
	Mean	46.8^A	53.2^B	23.33^B	36.67^B	18.2^B	38.47^B	3.53^B	9.67^A	30.93^B	19.33^B
两因素方差分析(显著性)Two-way ANOVA (Significance)
	C	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	ns	*	**
	W	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
	CW*	*	*	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**