机采模式下耐旱性不同棉花品种冠层特性对滴水量的响应

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.12.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (12): 2888-2898.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.12.004

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇下一篇

机采模式下耐旱性不同棉花品种冠层特性对滴水量的响应

张虎梅¹(), 田雨¹, 石峰¹, 李军宏¹, 韩焕勇², 王方永², 罗宏海¹()

1.石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832003
2.新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所/农业部西北内陆区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2022-01-10 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2023-01-30
通信作者: 罗宏海
作者简介:张虎梅(1998-),女,甘肃武威人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物高产生理与节水栽培,(E-mail)1026386718@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31760369)

Response of Canopy Characteristics of Different Cotton Varieties with Drought Tolerance to Drip Irrigation Amount in Machine-picked Model

ZHANG Humei¹(), TIAN Yu¹, SHI Feng¹, LI Junhong¹, HAN Huanyong², WANG Fangyong², LUO Honghai¹()

1. Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps / College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China
2. Northwest Inland Region Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China

Received:2022-01-10 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2023-01-30
Correspondence author: LUO Honghai
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760355)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究等行距密植机采模式下不同耐旱性棉花品种冠层特性对滴水量的响应及作用机理,为干旱区棉花节水灌溉和耐旱性品种选择提供理论依据。【方法】 选用耐旱性强的品种新陆早22号和耐旱性弱的品种新陆早17号为试材,设亏缺滴灌(W₁)、限量滴灌(W₂)、常规滴灌(W₃)处理,研究滴水量对耐旱性不同棉花品种棉花冠层结构、光分布、群体光合和呼吸速率以及产量的影响。【结果】 叶绿素含量(Chl)、群体光合(CAP)和呼吸速率(CR)随滴水量的增加呈显著上升趋势,在W₃处理下表现为最大值,其中新陆早22号在盛花至盛铃后期上述参数在W₂、W₃条件下无显著差异,但均显著低于W₁处理;冠层开度(DIFN)和冠层PAR透过率则随滴水量的增加呈下降趋势,各处理间均表现为W₁>W₂、W₃;新陆早17号和新陆早22号分别在W₃、W₂处理下籽棉产量最高,W₂处理下水分利用效率最高。品种间,新陆早22号的Chl、叶面积指数(LAI)、CAP和CR在盛花至吐絮期比新陆早17号高0.8%~10.5%、3.4%~15.0%、1.3%~16.7%、2.9%~22.9%,籽棉产量和水分利用效率分别比新陆早17号高8.9%、9.2%。籽棉产量与LAI、CAP、CR、Chl均呈正相关,与DIFN呈负相关。【结论】 在等行距密植条件下,根据棉花品种对水分的敏感性不同,灌水量控制在3 900~4 800 m³/hm²时,可以使棉花在生育中期维持较高的叶绿素含量和叶面积指数、适宜的冠层开度以及均匀的光分布,促进光合速率的提升,在不显著降低棉花产量的前提下提高水利用效率。

关键词: 滴水量; 耐旱性品种; 冠层特性; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to explore the response of different canopy characteristics of drought-tolerant cotton varieties to drip water quantity and the mechanism of action under the equidistant row spacing dense machine harvesting model in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the selection of water-saving irrigation and drought-tolerant varieties for cotton in arid areas.【Methods】 The cultivars Xinluzao 22 with drought-tolerant cultivar and Xinluzao 17 with drought sensitive cultivar were selected as test varieties and the impacts of drip irrigation treatments: deficient drip irrigation (W₁), limited drip irrigation(W₂) and conventional drip irrigation(W₃) on cotton canopy structure, light distribution, canopy apparent photosynthetic rate, canopy respiration rate and yield of different drought-tolerant cotton varieties were studied.【Results】 With the increase of dripping water, cotton chlorophyll content(Chl), canopy apparent photosynthetic rate(CAP)and canopy respiration rate(CR)all showed a significant upward trend and maximum under W₃ treatment. Among them, Xinluzao 22 was not significantly different from the above parameters under W₂ and W₃ conditions from peak flowering stage to later full boll stage, but both were significantly lower than W₁ treatment. Difuse non-interceptance(DIFN)and transmitted PAR rate showed a decreasing trend with the increase drip water, with W₁> W₂,W₃ among all treatments. Xinluzao 17 and Xinluzao 22 had the highest yield under W₃ and W₂ treatments, respectively. And the irrigation water use efficiency was highest by W₂. Among the cultivars, Chl, LAI, CAP and CR of Xinluzao 22 were 0.8%~10.5%, 3.4%~15.0%, 1.3%~16.7%, 2.9%~22.9% higher than Xinluzao 17 from the peak flowering to the boll opening stage, the yield and irrigation water use efficiency were 8.9%, 9.2% higher than Xinluzao 17. Correlation analysis showed that Chl, LAI, CAP and CR were positively correlated with yield, and DIFN was negatively correlated.【Conclusion】 Under equidistant row spacing with high density conditions,depending on the moisture sensitivity of the variety, drip irrigation of 3,900-4,800 m³/hm² could maintain higher chlorophyll content and leaf area index, which is suitable difuse non-interceptance, and uniform light distribution of cotton in the middle of reproduction, thus enhanci canopy apparent photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency without sacrificing yield.

Key words: machine-picked cotton; drip irrigation amount; drought tolerant varieties; canopy characteristics; yield

中图分类号:

S562

张虎梅, 田雨, 石峰, 李军宏, 韩焕勇, 王方永, 罗宏海. 机采模式下耐旱性不同棉花品种冠层特性对滴水量的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(12): 2888-2898.

ZHANG Humei, TIAN Yu, SHI Feng, LI Junhong, HAN Huanyong, WANG Fangyong, LUO Honghai. Response of Canopy Characteristics of Different Cotton Varieties with Drought Tolerance to Drip Irrigation Amount in Machine-picked Model[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(12): 2888-2898.

图/表 9

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水肥供应 Irrigation and fertilizer supply		6月16日	6月24日	7月4日	7月14日	7月25日	8月4日	8月13日	8月23日	总量 Total
磷酸二氢钾		29	29	42	42	42	15	15	15	230
氮(kg/hm²)		36	36	72	72	72	24	24	24	360
灌水量 (m³/hm²)	W₁	375	315	315	405	405	405	405	375	3 000
	W₂	480	420	420	525	525	525	525	480	3 900
	W₃	600	510	510	645	645	645	645	600	4 800

水肥供应 Irrigation and fertilizer supply		6月16日	6月24日	7月4日	7月14日	7月25日	8月4日	8月13日	8月23日	总量 Total
磷酸二氢钾		29	29	42	42	42	15	15	15	230
氮(kg/hm²)		36	36	72	72	72	24	24	24	360
灌水量 (m³/hm²)	W₁	375	315	315	405	405	405	405	375	3 000
	W₂	480	420	420	525	525	525	525	480	3 900
	W₃	600	510	510	645	645	645	645	600	4 800

处理 Treatment	叶面积指数(LAI)				冠层开度(冠层开度)
处理 Treatment	PF	FB	LFB	BO	PF	FB	LFB	BO
W₁	2.63^b	2.85^c	2.79^c	2.75^c	0.06^a	0.05^a	0.10^a	0.11^a
W₂	5.42^a	5.67^b	5.18^b	4.11^b	0.02^b	0.01^b	0.05^b	0.08^b
W₃	5.62^a	6.23^a	5.98^a	5.01^a	0.02^b	0.02^b	0.04^b	0.05^c
新陆早17号 Xinluzao 17	4.24^b	4.71^b	4.39^b	3.89^a	0.04^a	0.03^a	0.06^b	0.09^a
新陆早22号 Xinluzao 22	4.87^a	5.13^a	4.91^a	4.02^a	0.03^b	0.03^a	0.07^a	0.07^b
W₁-新陆早17号 W₁-Xinluzao 17	2.58^c	2.72^d	2.60^e	2.58^c	0.07^a	0.05^a	0.10^a	0.12^a
W₂-新陆早17号 W₂-Xinluzao 17	5.00^b	5.29^c	4.76^c	4.04^b	0.03^c	0.01^b	0.04^cd	0.08^bc
W₃-新陆早17号 W₃-Xinluzao 17	5.12^b	6.12^ab	5.81^b	5.06^a	0.02^c	0.01^b	0.03^d	0.06^d
W₁-新陆早22号 W₁-Xinluzao 22	2.67^c	2.98^d	2.97^d	2.93^c	0.05^b	0.04^a	0.10^a	0.10^b
W₂-新陆早22号 W₂-Xinluzao 22	5.84^ab	6.06^b	5.60^b	4.19^b	0.02^c	0.02^b	0.06^b	0.07^cd
W₃-新陆早22号 W₃-Xinluzao 22	6.11^a	6.34^a	6.15^a	4.95^a	0.02^c	0.02^b	0.05^bc	0.04^e
W	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
P	0.013	<0.001	<0.001	ns	0.03	ns	0.028	0.001
W×P	ns	0.011	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.047	ns

处理 Treatment	叶面积指数(LAI)				冠层开度(冠层开度)
处理 Treatment	PF	FB	LFB	BO	PF	FB	LFB	BO
W₁	2.63^b	2.85^c	2.79^c	2.75^c	0.06^a	0.05^a	0.10^a	0.11^a
W₂	5.42^a	5.67^b	5.18^b	4.11^b	0.02^b	0.01^b	0.05^b	0.08^b
W₃	5.62^a	6.23^a	5.98^a	5.01^a	0.02^b	0.02^b	0.04^b	0.05^c
新陆早17号 Xinluzao 17	4.24^b	4.71^b	4.39^b	3.89^a	0.04^a	0.03^a	0.06^b	0.09^a
新陆早22号 Xinluzao 22	4.87^a	5.13^a	4.91^a	4.02^a	0.03^b	0.03^a	0.07^a	0.07^b
W₁-新陆早17号 W₁-Xinluzao 17	2.58^c	2.72^d	2.60^e	2.58^c	0.07^a	0.05^a	0.10^a	0.12^a
W₂-新陆早17号 W₂-Xinluzao 17	5.00^b	5.29^c	4.76^c	4.04^b	0.03^c	0.01^b	0.04^cd	0.08^bc
W₃-新陆早17号 W₃-Xinluzao 17	5.12^b	6.12^ab	5.81^b	5.06^a	0.02^c	0.01^b	0.03^d	0.06^d
W₁-新陆早22号 W₁-Xinluzao 22	2.67^c	2.98^d	2.97^d	2.93^c	0.05^b	0.04^a	0.10^a	0.10^b
W₂-新陆早22号 W₂-Xinluzao 22	5.84^ab	6.06^b	5.60^b	4.19^b	0.02^c	0.02^b	0.06^b	0.07^cd
W₃-新陆早22号 W₃-Xinluzao 22	6.11^a	6.34^a	6.15^a	4.95^a	0.02^c	0.02^b	0.05^bc	0.04^e
W	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
P	0.013	<0.001	<0.001	ns	0.03	ns	0.028	0.001
W×P	ns	0.011	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.047	ns

生育时期		Chl	LPAR	MPAR	UPAR	LAI	冠层开度	CAP	CR	Yield
盛花期 FF	Chl	1.000	0.592	0.717	0.739	-0.915^*	0.774	-0.589	-0.390	-0.717
	LPAR		1.000	0.618	0.409	-0.819^*	0.848^*	-0.824^*	-0.766	-0.783
	MPAR			1.000	0.749	-0.765	0.819^*	-0.431	-0.289	-0.670
	UPAR				1.000	-0.659	0.437	-0.047	0.157	-0.234
	LAI					1.000	-0.890^*	0.751	0.604	0.8226^*
	冠层开度						1.000	-0.870^*	-0.772	-0.968^**
	CAP							1.000	0.973^*	0.942^**
	CR								1.000	0.871^*
盛铃期 FB	Chl	1.000	-0.479	-0.281	-0.208	0.415	-0.416	0.972^**	0.870^*	0.828^*
	LPAR		1.000	0.947^**	0.912^*	-0.884^*	0.979^**	-0.633	-0.706	-0.832^*
	MPAR			1.000	0.987^**	-0.830^*	0.938^**	-0.426	-0.539	-0.719
	UPAR				1.000	-0.797	0.914^*	-0.346	-0.487	-0.655
	LAI					1.000	-0.954^**	0.599	0.782	0.836^*
	冠层开度						1.000	-0.590	-0.726	-0.826^*
	CAP							1.000	0.941^**	0.912^*
	CR								1.000	0.958^**
盛铃后期 FBL	Chl	1.000	-0.872^*	-0.642	-0.834^*	0.545	-0.754	0.616	0.854^*	0.899^*
	LPAR		1.000	0.905^*	0.985^**	-0.633	0.925^**	-0.159	-0.632	-0.774
	MPAR			1.000	0.940^**	-0.456	0.901^*	0.121	-0.417	-0.613
	UPAR				1.000	-0.660	0.968^**	-0.109	-0.651	-0.805
	LAI					1.000	-0.761	0.008	0.615	0.676
	冠层开度						1.000	-0.041	-0.686	-0.823^*
	CAP							1.000	0.708	0.571
	CR								1.000	0.966^**
吐絮期 BO	Chl	1.000	-0.101	-0.129	0.142	0.560	-0.252	0.231	0.371	0.485
	LPAR		1.000	0.990^**	0.760	0.583	0.784	-0.103	-0.550	-0.749
	MPAR			1.000	0.777	0.620	0.808	-0.185	-0.580	-0.751
	UPAR				1.000	0.559	0.291	0.152	-0.059	-0.218
	LAI					1.000	0.576	-0.390	-0.423	-0.320
	冠层开度						1.000	-0.604	-0.910^*	-0.940^**
	CAP							1.000	0.825^*	0.555
	CR								1.000	0.923^**
	Yield									1.000

机采模式下耐旱性不同棉花品种冠层特性对滴水量的响应

Response of Canopy Characteristics of Different Cotton Varieties with Drought Tolerance to Drip Irrigation Amount in Machine-picked Model

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