不同种植密度对花生主要性状及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同密度处理下对花生农艺性状及产量的影响,分析密度与产量的最佳配置。【方法】选取3种花育系列花生品种(花育25号、花育33号和花育36号),设置4个种植密度水平(1.2×10⁵、1.5×10⁵、1.8×10⁵和2.1×10⁵穴/hm²)处理进行列区设计试验,测定不同种植密度下各花生品种的主茎高、侧枝长等主要农艺性状以及产量,筛选最佳种植密度。【结果】密度为1.2×10⁵~1.5×10⁵穴/hm²主茎高要显著大于密度为1.8×10⁵~2.1×10⁵穴/hm²;密度处理为1.5×10⁵穴/hm²的侧枝长比其他处理显著高出1~6.8 cm;单株果数和饱果数均在低密度下最大,随密度的增大而减小;种植密度对总分枝和结果枝影响差异不显著;花育33号在种植密度为1.5×10⁵穴/hm²时产量为最大,为4 555.58 kg/hm²,其次是花育36号、密度为1.8×10⁵穴/hm²处理,第三是花育25号、密度为1.5×10⁵穴/hm²处理。【结论】花育系列花生品种种植密度为1.5×10⁵~1.8×10⁵穴/hm²。

关键词: 花生; 种植密度; 农艺性状; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different density treatments on agronomic traits and yields of Huayu 25, 33 and 36 series peanut varieties and find out the best configuration of density and yield to promote. 【Methods】 The experiments were carried out to treat 4 planting density levels (1.2×10⁵ holes/hm², 1.5×10⁵ holes/hm², 1.8×10⁵ holes/hm², 2.1×10⁵ holes/hm²) by using split plot design, through the analysis of 3 Huayu series peanut varieties (Huayu 25, 33 and 36). The effects of density on the main agronomic traits, such as main stem height and lateral branch length and yield of each peanut variety under different planting densities were studied in order to select the best planting density. 【Results】 The main stem height in the density range of 1.2×10⁵~1.5×10⁵ holes/hm² was significantly higher than the density of 1.8×10⁵~2.1×10⁵ holes/hm²; The lateral branches length in the density treatment of 1.5×10⁵ holes/hm² was significantly higher than other treatments by 1~6.8 cm; The number of pods per plant and well filled pods were the largest under low density, decreasing with the increase of density; Planting density had no significant difference in the effect of total branches and effective branches; Huayu 33 had the highest yield when the planting density was 1.5×10⁵ holes/hm² which was 4,555.58 kg/hm², followed by Huayu 36, whose density was 1.8×10⁵ holes/hm², and the third was Huayu 25, whose density was 1.5×10⁵ holes/hm² treatment. 【Conclusion】 The planting density of Huayu series peanut varieties is 1.5×10⁵~1.8×10⁵ holes/hm², which can promote the high yield of peanuts in Bazhou area of Xinjiang.

Key words: peanut; planting density; agronomic traits; yield

中图分类号:

S565.2

杜珊珊, 陈晋瑞, 罗静, 姚青青, 孙绘健, 何忠盛, 库尔班・牙生. 不同种植密度对花生主要性状及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2637-2643.

DU Shanshan, CHEN Jinrui, LUO Jing, YAO Qingqing, SUN Huijian, HE Zhongsheng, Kurban Yasheng. Effects of Different Planting Densities on Main Agronomic Traits and Yield of Peanuts[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(11): 2637-2643.

图/表 6

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代码 Code	项目 Items		处理组合 Treatment combination
A₁	花育25号	A₁B₁	花育25号,密度为1.2×10⁵穴/hm²
A₂	花育33号	A₁B₂	花育25号,密度为1.5×10⁵穴/hm²
A₃	花育36号	A₁B₃	花育25号,密度为1.8×10⁵穴/hm²
B₁	1.2×10⁵穴/hm²	A₁B₄	花育25号,密度为2.1×10⁵穴/hm²
B₁	1.2×10⁵穴/hm²	A₂B₁	花育33号,密度为1.2×10⁵穴/hm²
B₂	1.5×10⁵穴/hm²	A₂B₂	花育33号,密度为1.5×10⁵穴/hm²
B₂	1.5×10⁵穴/hm²	A₂B₃	花育33号,密度为1.8×10⁵穴/hm²
B₃	1.8×10⁵穴/hm²	A₂B₄	花育33号,密度为2.1×10⁵穴/hm²
B₃	1.8×10⁵穴/hm²	A₃B₁	花育36号,密度为1.2×10⁵穴/hm²
B₄	2.1×10⁵穴/hm²	A₃B₂	花育36号,密度为1.5×10⁵穴/hm²
		A₃B₃	花育36号,密度为1.8×10⁵穴/hm²
		A₃B₄	花育36号,密度为2.1×10⁵穴/hm²

代码 Code	项目 Items		处理组合 Treatment combination
A₁	花育25号	A₁B₁	花育25号,密度为1.2×10⁵穴/hm²
A₂	花育33号	A₁B₂	花育25号,密度为1.5×10⁵穴/hm²
A₃	花育36号	A₁B₃	花育25号,密度为1.8×10⁵穴/hm²
B₁	1.2×10⁵穴/hm²	A₁B₄	花育25号,密度为2.1×10⁵穴/hm²
B₁	1.2×10⁵穴/hm²	A₂B₁	花育33号,密度为1.2×10⁵穴/hm²
B₂	1.5×10⁵穴/hm²	A₂B₂	花育33号,密度为1.5×10⁵穴/hm²
B₂	1.5×10⁵穴/hm²	A₂B₃	花育33号,密度为1.8×10⁵穴/hm²
B₃	1.8×10⁵穴/hm²	A₂B₄	花育33号,密度为2.1×10⁵穴/hm²
B₃	1.8×10⁵穴/hm²	A₃B₁	花育36号,密度为1.2×10⁵穴/hm²
B₄	2.1×10⁵穴/hm²	A₃B₂	花育36号,密度为1.5×10⁵穴/hm²
		A₃B₃	花育36号,密度为1.8×10⁵穴/hm²
		A₃B₄	花育36号,密度为2.1×10⁵穴/hm²

处理组合 Treatment combination	主茎高 Main stem height (cm)	侧枝长 Lateral branches length (cm)	总分枝数 No.of branches (条)	结果枝数 No. of effective branches(条)	单株果数 No. of pods per plant (个)	饱果数 No. of plump- pod (个)
A₁B₁	18.50±0.50^e	22.80±0.84^h	8.00±0.71^a	7.60±0.55^a	30.40±11.33^ab	22.40±11.74^ab
A₁B₂	19.30±0.57^e	24.30±0.57^g	5.80±0.45^b	4.80±2.05^bc	24.00±6.12^abc	13.80±5.40^c
A₁B₃	16.60±0.65^f	22.30±0.45^h	4.80±0.45^cd	3.60±0.45^c	20.00±7.35^c	12.80±5.17^c
A₁B₄	17.10±0.55^f	23.10±0.76^h	5.40±0.55^bc	5.80±0.84^b	18.80±5.17^c	14.00±4.53^c
A₂B₁	29.20±0.76^a	36.80±0.57^b	5.20±0.84^bc	4.80±0.84^bc	33.20±3.27^a	24.20±2.28^a
A₂B₂	28.88±0.48^a	37.80±0.57^a	4.80±0.45^cd	4.00±0.00^c	17.40±9.99^bc	13.00±2.16^c
A₂B₃	28.70±0.84^a	36.40±0.42^b	4.80±0.45^cd	4.40±0.55^c	22.60±6.54^bc	17.60±5.13^abc
A₂B₄	24.60±0.89^c	31.00±0.94^cd	4.80±0.45^cd	3.80±0.84^c	17.80±3.19^c	12.20±2.17^c
A₃B₁	25.10±0.74^bc	29.40±0.65^e	5.00±1.00^bcd	4.40±0.55^c	26.40±11.59^abc	15.80±6.06^c
A₃B₂	25.90±0.96^b	31.80±0.57^c	4.20±0.45^d	4.20±0.45^c	20.40±4.51^c	14.40±3.05^c
A₃B₃	24.10±1.64^c	30.30±0.84^d	4.60±0.55^cd	4.00±0.71^c	19.20±6.98^c	12.40±3.78^c
A₃B₄	21.20±0.84^d	27.20±1.35^f	4.60±0.55^cd	4.80±0.45^bc	17.00±4.36^c	11.80±3.63^c

处理组合 Treatment combination	主茎高 Main stem height (cm)	侧枝长 Lateral branches length (cm)	总分枝数 No.of branches (条)	结果枝数 No. of effective branches(条)	单株果数 No. of pods per plant (个)	饱果数 No. of plump- pod (个)
A₁B₁	18.50±0.50^e	22.80±0.84^h	8.00±0.71^a	7.60±0.55^a	30.40±11.33^ab	22.40±11.74^ab
A₁B₂	19.30±0.57^e	24.30±0.57^g	5.80±0.45^b	4.80±2.05^bc	24.00±6.12^abc	13.80±5.40^c
A₁B₃	16.60±0.65^f	22.30±0.45^h	4.80±0.45^cd	3.60±0.45^c	20.00±7.35^c	12.80±5.17^c
A₁B₄	17.10±0.55^f	23.10±0.76^h	5.40±0.55^bc	5.80±0.84^b	18.80±5.17^c	14.00±4.53^c
A₂B₁	29.20±0.76^a	36.80±0.57^b	5.20±0.84^bc	4.80±0.84^bc	33.20±3.27^a	24.20±2.28^a
A₂B₂	28.88±0.48^a	37.80±0.57^a	4.80±0.45^cd	4.00±0.00^c	17.40±9.99^bc	13.00±2.16^c
A₂B₃	28.70±0.84^a	36.40±0.42^b	4.80±0.45^cd	4.40±0.55^c	22.60±6.54^bc	17.60±5.13^abc
A₂B₄	24.60±0.89^c	31.00±0.94^cd	4.80±0.45^cd	3.80±0.84^c	17.80±3.19^c	12.20±2.17^c
A₃B₁	25.10±0.74^bc	29.40±0.65^e	5.00±1.00^bcd	4.40±0.55^c	26.40±11.59^abc	15.80±6.06^c
A₃B₂	25.90±0.96^b	31.80±0.57^c	4.20±0.45^d	4.20±0.45^c	20.40±4.51^c	14.40±3.05^c
A₃B₃	24.10±1.64^c	30.30±0.84^d	4.60±0.55^cd	4.00±0.71^c	19.20±6.98^c	12.40±3.78^c
A₃B₄	21.20±0.84^d	27.20±1.35^f	4.60±0.55^cd	4.80±0.45^bc	17.00±4.36^c	11.80±3.63^c

处理组合 Treatment combination	荚果产量 Pod yield (kg/hm²)	标准差 Standard deviation	差异显著性 (P<0.05) Significance of different	位次 Rank
A₁B₁	3 022.24	116.89	g	12
A₁B₂	4 422.24	157.47	ab	3
A₁B₃	4 200.02	202.46	cd	7
A₁B₄	3 533.35	57.74	f	11
A₂B₁	3 566.68	100.00	f	10
A₂B₂	4 555.58	107.22	a	1
A₂B₃	4 233.35	33.50	bcd	6
A₂B₄	4 044.46	38.68	de	8
A₃B₁	3 933.35	66.50	e	9
A₃B₂	4 377.80	95.84	abc	4
A₃B₃	4 466.69	202.79	a	2
A₃B₄	4 350.02	50.00	abc	5