不同留芽间距对‘厂’形梅鹿辄葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 比较并分析不同留芽量对‘厂’形梅鹿辄葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响,筛选出适宜‘厂’形梅鹿辄葡萄生长的留芽量,为梅鹿辄葡萄生产上留果方式的应用提供科学依据。【方法】 以6年生‘梅鹿辄’为材料,设置‘厂’形树形,对其结果母枝距离按照4、6、8 cm控制处理,在果实生长发育期测定各处理下枝条及髓心粗度、果实粒重、可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量,在果实成熟期测定产量和果实总酚、黄酮、花青素、单宁含量等品质指标,并进行比较分析和综合评价。【结果】 不同留芽量对‘厂’形梅鹿辄葡萄生长、产量及品质均有影响,枝条纵横径以6 cm处理最粗,髓心直径则以8 cm处理较小,第4节节间长度以6 cm处理最短、8 cm处理最长。产量随着留芽间距的增大而下降,穗重随留芽间距的增大而略有增加,粒重差异不大。果实酚类物质、单宁和花青素含量以8 cm留芽间距处理最高,黄酮含量以6 cm处理最高。6 cm处理产量适中,8 cm产量和果实品质均较佳。【结论】 ‘厂’形梅鹿辄葡萄在留芽间距8 cm处理下更有利于植株的生长和果实的优良品质。

关键词: 梅鹿辄葡萄; 留芽间距; 产量; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To compare and analyze the effects of different retention buds on the growth, yield and quality of the merlot grape in the hope of screening out the amount of buds suitable for the growth of the grape carp, and providing a scientific basis for the future application of the method of retaining fruit on the production of alfalfa grapes. 【Method】 6 years' merlot were taken as test materials, the form of a tree was set up, the mother branches distances were arranged 4, 6, 8 cm to determine the processing in fruit growth development period, the branches and pith roughness, fruit grain weight, total soluble solids and soluble sugar content, and the total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannin content such as quality index, and comparative analysis and conduct comprehensive evaluation. 【Result】 The results showed that different amounts of bud retention had an effect on the growth, yield and quality of merlot grapes.The vertical and horizontal diameter of the branches was the thickest at 6 cm, the medullary diameter was the smallest at 8 cm, the length of the fourth section was the shortest at 6 cm, and the length of the fourth section was the longest at 8 cm.The yield decreased with the increase of bud spacing, and the panicle weight increased slightly with the increase of bud spacing.The content of phenols, tannins and anthocyanins in fruits was the highest at 8 cm bud spacing, and the content of flavonoids was the highest at 6 cm.Overall, the yield of 6 cm treatment was moderate, and the yield and fruit quality of 8 cm treatment were good. 【Conclusion】 Plant-shaped merlot grapes with 8 cm bud spacing were more conducive to plant growth and fruit quality,which provides high quality raw materials for producing fine wines.

Key words: Merlot grape; leaf bud spacing; yield; quality

中图分类号:

S663.1

钟海霞, 周晓明, 张付春, 潘明启, 韩守安, 伍新宇. 不同留芽间距对‘厂’形梅鹿辄葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(2): 370-376.

ZHONG Haixia, ZHOU Xiaoming, ZHANG Fuchun, PAN Mingqi, HAN Shouan, WU Xinyu. Effects of Different Bud Retention Rates on Growth, Yield and Quality of ‘厂’ Merlot Grape[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(2): 370-376.

图/表 5

表1 不同留芽量处理枝条和髓心粗度

Table 1 Different branches of buds to treat shoots and core thickness

留芽间距 (cm)	枝条纵径 (mm)	枝条横径 (mm)	髓心纵径 (mm)	髓心横径 (mm)	第4节间长 (cm)
4	6.20±0.16^bA	5.10±0.12^aA	2.72±0.11^aA	2.43±0.17^aA	6.24±0.26^aA
6	7.03±0.29^aA	5.57±0.22^aA	2.73±0.19^aA	2.64±0.13^aA	6.10±0.21^aA
8	6.51±1.96^abA	5.30±0.19^aA	2.62±0.11^aA	2.32±0.17^aA	6.71±0.15^aA

表2 不同留芽间距处理下葡萄果实内含物含量变化

Table 2 Effect of the contents of grape fruit content under different bud spacing

新梢间距 (cm)	粒重 (g)	可溶性糖 (%)	可溶性固形物 (%)
4 cm	1.17±0.00^aA	19.04±0.58^aA	29.17±0.95^abA
6 cm	1.45±0.41^aA	18.55±1.18^aAB	28.28±0.66^bA
8 cm	1.21±0.10^aA	16.24±0.77^bB	30.60±1.2^aA

图1 不同间距留芽下不同时期果实粒重及营养物质的变化注:a.果实粒重;b.果实可溶性糖含量;c.果实可溶性固形物含量

Fig.1 Changes in fruit weight and nutrients in different periods under different spacings Note: a.Fruit weight; b.Fruit soluble sugar content; c.Fruit soluble solids content

图2 不同间距留芽下成熟期果实内含物含量变化

Fig.2 Effect of fruit content in maturity of different distances of staying buds

表3 不同间距留芽梅鹿辄葡萄“厂”形的产量

Table 3 Yield of “plant” shape of different distances of staying stag

新梢间距 (cm)	穗重 (g)	实际产量 (kg/667m²)
4	87.33±0.88^bBC	1 085.76±7.21^aA
6	94.67±2.60^bC	790.40±3.17^bB
8	92.35±2.11^aA	574.80±1.81^cC

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