新疆农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (11): 2000-2010.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.005
闫江伟1(), 张国娟1, 田景山1, 杨文龙1, 向导2, 勾玲1, 张旺锋1()
收稿日期:
2020-10-06
出版日期:
2021-11-20
发布日期:
2021-12-16
通信作者:
张旺锋
作者简介:
闫江伟(1995-),男,新疆五家渠人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物高产优质高效栽培,(E-mail) 26791811831@qq.com
基金资助:
YANG Jiangwei1(), ZHANG Guojuan1, TIAN Jingshan1, YANG Wenlong1, XIANG Dao2, GOU Ling1, ZHANG Wangfeng1()
Received:
2020-10-06
Online:
2021-11-20
Published:
2021-12-16
Correspondence author:
ZHANG Wangfeng
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究不同施肥量对6个新陆早系列棉花品种干物质积累和产量品质的影响,分析减施肥料对其物质生产和产量的影响程度,为耐低肥棉花品种的选育及棉花的耐低肥栽培提供依据。【方法】在田间条件下,研究常规施肥量(N 193.2 kg/hm2、P2O5138 kg/hm2、K2O 85.5 kg/hm2)、常规1/2施肥量、不施肥3种条件下6个早熟陆地棉推广品种的农艺性状、干物质积累、产量品质及肥料利用特性。【结果】新陆早系列棉花品种之间的果枝数无显著性差异,株高、果枝数、茎粗对施肥量敏感度最低的品种分别是新陆早45号、新陆早61号、新陆早45号;分配率受施肥量的影响较小,总生物量和分配率对施肥量敏感度最低的品种分别是新陆早61号、新陆早57号,敏感度最高的品种分别是新陆早74号、新陆早72号;单株结铃数、籽棉产量随施肥量的增多而增多,衣分有随施肥量的增大而减小的趋势,单株结铃数、单铃重、衣分、籽棉产量对施肥量敏感度最低的品种分别是新陆早57号、新陆早72号、新陆早74号、新陆早57号;随着施肥量增大,纤维长度增大,马克隆值减小,纤维长度、断裂比强度、马克隆值对施肥量敏感度最低的品种分别是新陆早57号、新陆早64号、新陆早72号;吐絮期时,肥料农学利用率、肥料贡献率与施肥量成正比,肥料偏生产力与施肥量成反比。【结论】新陆早64号、新陆早72号、新陆早74号分别在衣分、肥料利用率、产量等表现较好,可作为减施肥料的栽培品种。
中图分类号:
闫江伟, 张国娟, 田景山, 杨文龙, 向导, 勾玲, 张旺锋. 不同施肥量对早熟陆地棉品种干物质累积及产量品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(11): 2000-2010.
YANG Jiangwei, ZHANG Guojuan, TIAN Jingshan, YANG Wenlong, XIANG Dao, GOU Ling, ZHANG Wangfeng. Effects of Different Fertilizer Applications on the Material Production and Yield of Early Upland Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(11): 2000-2010.
因素 Factor | 株高 Plant height | 茎粗 Stem diameter | 节间长度 Internode length | 果枝始节高度 First branch height | 果枝数 Branch number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年份 Years | 0.084 7 | 0.271 5 | 0.208 5 | 0.031 8 | 0.276 5 |
施肥量 Fertilizing amount | 0.031 9 | 0.001 1 | 0.021 1 | 0.001 9 | 0.006 1 |
品种 Cultivars | 0.000 1 | 0.000 1 | 0.000 1 | 0.000 1 | 0.416 8 |
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars | 0.771 7 | 0.059 5 | 0.012 3 | 0.099 5 | 0.003 2 |
表1 施肥量和品种对棉花农艺性状影响的方差和P值
Table 1 Variance analysis and P value summary of the effects of fertilizer application amount and cultivar on agronomic traits of cotton
因素 Factor | 株高 Plant height | 茎粗 Stem diameter | 节间长度 Internode length | 果枝始节高度 First branch height | 果枝数 Branch number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年份 Years | 0.084 7 | 0.271 5 | 0.208 5 | 0.031 8 | 0.276 5 |
施肥量 Fertilizing amount | 0.031 9 | 0.001 1 | 0.021 1 | 0.001 9 | 0.006 1 |
品种 Cultivars | 0.000 1 | 0.000 1 | 0.000 1 | 0.000 1 | 0.416 8 |
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars | 0.771 7 | 0.059 5 | 0.012 3 | 0.099 5 | 0.003 2 |
图2 不同施肥量下6个棉花品种农艺性状的变化 注:*,P<0.05;**,P<0.01。下同
Fig.2 Change of agronomic characters of 6 cotton cultivars under different fertilizer application Note:*,P<0.05;**,P<0.01。the same as below
因素 Factor | 总生物量 Total biomass | 分配率 Allocation rate |
---|---|---|
年份 Years | 0.079 0 | 0.063 1 |
施肥量 Fertilizing amount | 0.001 5 | 0.016 5 |
品种 Cultivars | 0.000 1 | 0.000 1 |
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars | 0.253 0 | 0.089 5 |
表2 施肥量和品种对棉花生物量影响的方差和P值
Table 2 Analysis of variance and summary of P values of the effect of fertilizer amount and cultivars on cotton biomass
因素 Factor | 总生物量 Total biomass | 分配率 Allocation rate |
---|---|---|
年份 Years | 0.079 0 | 0.063 1 |
施肥量 Fertilizing amount | 0.001 5 | 0.016 5 |
品种 Cultivars | 0.000 1 | 0.000 1 |
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars | 0.253 0 | 0.089 5 |
因素 Factor | 单株铃数 Boll number per-plant | 单铃重 Boll weigh | 衣分 Lint percent | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield |
---|---|---|---|---|
年份 Years | 0.025 2 | 0.664 5 | 0.172 2 | 0.084 8 |
施肥量 Fertilizing amount | 0.002 0 | 0.229 1 | 0.007 1 | 0.001 8 |
品种 Cultivars | 0.086 0 | 0.001 7 | 0.000 1 | 0.017 7 |
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars | 0.020 5 | 0.001 3 | 0.666 5 | 0.393 6 |
表3 施肥量和品种棉花产量及产量构成因子影响的方差和P值
Table 3 Variance analysis and P value summary of the effect of fertilizer application and cotton cultivar on the yield and yield component of cotton
因素 Factor | 单株铃数 Boll number per-plant | 单铃重 Boll weigh | 衣分 Lint percent | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield |
---|---|---|---|---|
年份 Years | 0.025 2 | 0.664 5 | 0.172 2 | 0.084 8 |
施肥量 Fertilizing amount | 0.002 0 | 0.229 1 | 0.007 1 | 0.001 8 |
品种 Cultivars | 0.086 0 | 0.001 7 | 0.000 1 | 0.017 7 |
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars | 0.020 5 | 0.001 3 | 0.666 5 | 0.393 6 |
因素 Factor | 纤维长度 Upper half mean length | 断裂比强度 Fiber strength | 马克隆值 Micronaire |
---|---|---|---|
年份 Years | 0.025 2 | 0.664 5 | 0.172 2 |
施肥量 Fertilizing amount | 0.424 1 | 0.175 2 | 0.049 1 |
品种 Cultivars | 0.046 6 | 0.668 4 | 0.022 9 |
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars | 0.000 1 | 0.000 1 | 0.000 1 |
表4 施肥量和品种对棉花棉纤维品质影响的方差和P值
Table 4 Variance analysis and P value summary of the effect of fertilizer application and cultivar on quality of cotton
因素 Factor | 纤维长度 Upper half mean length | 断裂比强度 Fiber strength | 马克隆值 Micronaire |
---|---|---|---|
年份 Years | 0.025 2 | 0.664 5 | 0.172 2 |
施肥量 Fertilizing amount | 0.424 1 | 0.175 2 | 0.049 1 |
品种 Cultivars | 0.046 6 | 0.668 4 | 0.022 9 |
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars | 0.000 1 | 0.000 1 | 0.000 1 |
因素 Factor | 肥料农学利用率 Agronomic efficiency (kg/kg) | 肥料贡献率 Fertilizer contribution rate (%) | 肥料偏生产力 Partial factor productivity (kg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|
年份 Years | 0.076 4 | 0.389 5 | 0.033 7 |
施肥量 Fertilizing amount | 0.039 6 | 0.036 3 | 0.010 7 |
品种 Cultivars | 0.000 1 | 0.000 1 | 0.000 2 |
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars | 0.904 3 | 0.964 3 | 0.460 8 |
表5 施肥量和品种对棉花肥料利用率影响的方差和P值
Table 5 Variance analysis and P value summary of the effect of fertilizer application amount and cotton cultivar on fertilizer utilization rate of cotton
因素 Factor | 肥料农学利用率 Agronomic efficiency (kg/kg) | 肥料贡献率 Fertilizer contribution rate (%) | 肥料偏生产力 Partial factor productivity (kg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|
年份 Years | 0.076 4 | 0.389 5 | 0.033 7 |
施肥量 Fertilizing amount | 0.039 6 | 0.036 3 | 0.010 7 |
品种 Cultivars | 0.000 1 | 0.000 1 | 0.000 2 |
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars | 0.904 3 | 0.964 3 | 0.460 8 |
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