新疆春小麦籽粒灌浆动态差异

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究新疆春小麦主栽品种在4个不同生态区籽粒灌浆动态表现差异。【方法】 在4个不同生态区域内,以新疆8个不同筋力春小麦品种为研究对象,基于灌浆期籽粒干物质量动态变化,利用Logistic方程拟合,计算出一系列籽粒灌浆特征参数,分析新疆主栽春小麦品种不同生态条件下籽粒灌浆动态表现差异。【结果】 8个参试品种理论最高籽粒干物质量(K值)整体表现为(2.861±0.365)g/穗,籽粒终干物质量与K值比整体降幅13.37%~25.26%;参试品种新春40号初花期后13.24 d最早进入快速灌浆起始期,新春46号初花期后15.17 d最晚进入快速灌浆起始期,新春11号(14.66±0.4)d在4个生态区快速灌浆起始期性状表现最稳定;新春6号初花期后25.25 d最快到达快速灌浆终止期,新春26号初花期后29.07 d最晚到达快速灌浆终止期,新春38号(26.86±0.48)d在4个生态区快速灌浆终止期性状表现最稳定;快速灌浆持续期平均表现中,新春6号快速灌浆持续期最短为11.10 d,新春26号快速灌浆持续期最长为14.08 d,新春40号(12.97±0.45) d在4个生态区快速灌浆持续期性状表现最稳定;新春6号最大相对灌浆速率最高0.17 g/(穗·d),出现在初花期后19.51 d;新春11号最大相对灌浆速率最低:0.12 g/(穗·d),出现在初花期后18.27 d;4个生态区快速灌浆起始期与快速灌浆终止期平均表现(初花期后天数):军户<焉耆<额敏<阿勒泰;4个生态区快速灌浆持续期的平均表现(天数):阿勒泰<额敏<焉耆<军户;4个生态区最大灌浆速率(V_m)的平均表现:焉耆(0.11 g/(穗·d))<军户(0.13 g/(穗·d))<额敏(0.15 g/(穗·d))<阿勒泰(0.17 g/(穗·d))。【结论】 参试主栽品种穗粒数平均表现低且整体表现变异幅度大,新疆春小麦品种穗粒数对产量贡献有提升空间;不同籽粒灌浆特征参数因品种特性在不同区域内表现及稳定性都存在一定差异;不同灌浆特征参数变量效应分析表明,快速灌浆起始期和最大灌浆速率地点效应最大,快速灌浆终止期地点×品种效应最大;4个不同生态区,籽粒灌浆特征参数中快速灌浆起始期与快速灌浆终止期整体表现具有一致性,其它灌浆特征参数表现各有差异。

关键词: 春小麦; 生态区; 灌浆特征参数

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the dynamic difference of Xinjiang's main spring wheat varieties at the grain filling stage in four different ecological regions.【Method】 Eight varieties of Xinjiang spring wheat with different gluten strength in the four ecological regions were selected as study object, and a logistic equation was adopted for fitting to calculate a series of grain filling characteristic parameters and analyze the dynamic difference of Xinjiang's main spring wheat varieties during grain filling under different ecological conditions based on the dynamic changes in the dry matter of the wheat grain at the grain filling stage.【Result】 The maximum theoretical grain dry matter weight in eight wheat varieties tested (K value) was mostly (2.861±0.365) g/wheatear, and the ratio of final grain dry matter weight to K value decreased by 13.37%-25.26%.The tested variety Xinchun No.40 was the first to enter the early stage of the rapid grain filling process 13.24 d after the initial flowering stage, Xinchun No.46 was the latest to enter the early stage of the rapid grain filling process 15.17 d after the initial flowering stage, and Xinchun No.11 (14.66 ± 0.4)d was the most stable at the early stage of the rapid grain filling process in the four ecological regions.Xinchun No.6 was the fastest to reach the final stage of the rapid grain filling process 25.25 d after the initial flowering stage, Xinchun No.26 was the latest to reach the final stage of the grain filling process 29.07 d after the initial flowering stage, and Xinchun No.38 (26.86 ± 0.48) d was the most stable at the final stage of the grain filling process in the four ecological regions.For average performance of the continuous rapid grain filling stage, Xinchun No.6 had the shortest continuous rapid grain filling stage of 11.10 d, Xinchun No.26 had the longest continuous rapid grain filling stage of 14.08 d, and Xinchun No.40 (12.97 ± 0.45)d was the most stable at the continuous rapid grain filling stage.The maximum relative grain filling rate of Xinchun No.6 is the highest with 0.17 g/wheatear per day 19.51 d after the initial flowering stage, while that of Xinchun No.11 is the lowest with 0.12 g/wheatear per day 18.27 d after the initial flowering stage.The average performance of the early and final stages of the rapid grain filling process in the four ecological regions (the number of days after the initial flowering stage) is: Junhu < Yanqi < Emin < Altay Prefecture.The average performance of the continuous rapid grain filling stage in the four ecological regions (the number of days) is: Altay Prefecture < Emin < Yanqi < Junhu.The average performance of the maximum grain filling rate (V_m): Yanqi (0.11 g/(wheatear·d)) < Junhu (0.13 g/(wheatear·d)) < Emin (0.15 g/(wheatear·d)) < Altay Prefecture (0.17 g/(wheatear·d)).【Conclusion】 For the tested main wheat varieties, the average grain number per spike is low and the variation range of the overall performance is large, indicating that the grain number per spike of spring wheat varieties in Xinjiang can be improved to increase production.The performance and stability in different grain filling characteristic parameters are different in different regions due to variety characteristics.The effect of different grain filling characteristic parameters shows that the early stage of the rapid grain filling process and the maximum grain filling rate are affected mostly by regions, the end stage of rapid grain filling process is affected mostly by regions×varieties.In the four different ecological regions, the grain filling characteristic parameters in the early stage and the end stage of the rapid grain filling process are consistent, and the other grain filling characteristic parameters are different.

Key words: spring wheat; ecological regions; grain filling characteristic parameters

中图分类号:

S512

李剑峰, 樊哲儒, 张跃强, 王重, 高新, 时佳, 张宏芝, 王立红, 赵奇. 新疆春小麦籽粒灌浆动态差异[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(3): 393-400.

LI Jianfeng, FAN Zheru, ZHANG Yueqiang, WANG Zhong, GAO Xin, SHI Jia, ZHANG Hongzhi, WANG Lihong, ZHAO Qi. Study on Dynamic Difference of Xinjiang Spring Wheat at the Grain Filling Stage[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(3): 393-400.

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