荒漠绿洲生态区玉米茎腐病发生分布与危害

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.020

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (4): 950-956.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.020

荒漠绿洲生态区玉米茎腐病发生分布与危害

宋子硕¹^,²(), 杨杰³, 丁新华²(), 付开赟², 吐尔逊·阿合买提², 何江², 郭文超²()

1.石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832003
2.新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2021-06-06 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2022-04-24
通信作者: 丁新华,郭文超
作者简介:宋子硕(1998-),男,河北人,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物病理,(E-mail) szs980629@126.com
基金资助:
自治区重大科技专项“新疆主要作物生物育种创新工程(一)——玉米生物育种创新工程”(2021A02001-2);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育项目“西北干旱半干旱区籽粒机收玉米种质创新关键技术研究与应用”(XJKCPY-2020002)(xjkcpy-2020002)

Occurrence and Damage Analysis of Corn Stalk Rot Desert Oasis Ecological Region

SONG Zishuo¹^,²(), YANG Jie³, DING Xinhua²(), FU Kaiyun², Tuerxun Ahemati², HE Jiang², GUO Wenchao²()

1. College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China
2. Key Laboratory of Intergraded Management of Harmful Crop Vermin of China Northwestern Oasis, MOARA, Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China
3. Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2021-06-06 Online:2022-04-20 Published:2022-04-24
Correspondence author: DING Xinhua, GUO Wenchao
Supported by:
The key scientific and technological project of Xinjiang autonomous region"Biological breeding innovation project of main crops in Xinjiang- Maize biological breeding innovation project"(2021A02001-2);Key Cultivation Project for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences "Research and Application of Key Technology of Maize Germplasm Innovation in Northwest Arid and Semi-Arid Areas"(xjkcpy-2020002)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆荒漠绿洲生态区各玉米主产区玉米茎腐病田间最新发生分布与危害,为新疆灌溉玉米产区玉米茎腐病科学监测与防控提供依据。【方法】采用5点随机取样法系统调查新疆南北疆6个地州市17个县市区玉米茎腐病的最新发病情况,并综合分析栽培模式、品种因素与其发病程度的关联性。【结果】新疆荒漠绿洲生态区玉米茎腐病平均病田率为77.32%,平均病株率为39.66‰,其中北疆春播玉米产区(97.22%、51.86‰)显著重于南疆复播玉米产区(30.00%、17.70‰),且各地州病害发生程度不同,博州(100%、78‰)、伊犁州(100%、68.04‰)发病最重,其次是乌鲁木齐(100%、55.50‰)、塔城地区(93.33%、38.80‰)中度发生,而昌吉州(92.86%、13.43‰)、喀什地区(30%、17.70‰)整体发病较轻。以县市为单位统计,全疆范围内新源县危害(100%、126.2‰)最重,其次为博乐市(100%、117.14‰),而伽师县、疏勒县、疏附县暂未发现玉米茎腐病发生。商品玉米平均病株率(48.12‰)是制种玉米(15.56‰)的3.09倍。4种栽培模式(滴灌覆膜、滴灌无膜、漫灌覆膜、漫灌无膜)的病株率无显著差异(P>0.05),滴灌覆膜(95.12%)、漫灌覆膜(31.82%)分别低于滴灌无膜(100%)、漫灌无膜(69.77%)。【结论】玉米茎腐病在新疆各玉米主产区普遍发生且北疆重于南疆。商品玉米品种整体抗病不强,覆膜栽培条件有利减轻病害发生。

关键词: 新疆荒漠绿洲生态区; 玉米茎腐病; 病田率; 病害调查

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the latest occurrence, distribution and damage of maize stem rot in the main maize producing areas of Xinjiang desert oasis ecological region in the hope of providing the basis for scientific monitoring and control of maize stem rot in these areas.【Methods】 Five point random sampling method was used to investigate the latest incidence of corn stalk rot in 17 counties of 6 prefectures and cities in northern and southern Xinjiang, and the correlation between cultivation mode, variety factors and incidence degree was analyzed.【Results】 The average diseased field rate of corn stalk rot in Xinjiang desert oasis ecological zone was 77.32%, and the average diseased plant rate was 39.66‰.Among them, spring maize production area in Northern Xinjiang (97.22‰ and 51.86‰) was significantly heavier than repeat maize production area in southern Xinjiang (30.00‰ and 17.70‰), followed by Urumqi (100%, 55.50‰), Tacheng (93.33%, 38.80‰), and Changji (92.86%, 13.43‰), Kashi (30%, 17.70‰).According to the statistics of counties and cities, Xinyuan county (100%, 126.2‰) suffered the most serious damage, followed by Bole City (100%, 117.14‰), while no corn stalk rot was found in Jiashi County, Shule county and Shufu county.The results showed that the average disease rate of commercial maize (48.12‰) was 3.09 times higher than that of seed maize (15.56‰).There was no significant difference in the rate of diseased plants among the four cultivation modes (drip irrigation with film mulching, drip irrigation without film, flood irrigation with film mulching and flood irrigation without film) (P > 0.05).But the average disease rate of drip irrigation and mulching was lower than those of drip irrigation and irrigation (100% and 69.77%) respectively.【Conclusion】 Corn stalk rot is common in the main corn producing areas in Xinjiang, and it is found that it is more serious in Northern Xinjiang than in Southern Xinjiang.The results showed that the disease resistance of commercial maize varieties was not strong as a whole, and the film mulching cultivation conditions were favorable to reduce the disease occurrence.

Key words: Xinjiang desert oasis ecological region; corn stalk rot; diseased field rate; disease investigation

中图分类号:

S435.131.4

宋子硕, 杨杰, 丁新华, 付开赟, 吐尔逊·阿合买提, 何江, 郭文超. 荒漠绿洲生态区玉米茎腐病发生分布与危害[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(4): 950-956.

SONG Zishuo, YANG Jie, DING Xinhua, FU Kaiyun, Tuerxun Ahemati, HE Jiang, GUO Wenchao. Occurrence and Damage Analysis of Corn Stalk Rot Desert Oasis Ecological Region[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(4): 950-956.

图/表 6

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主产区 Main producing area	地州/市 Prefecture / City	县/市/区 County / City / District	栽培模式 Cultivation mode	调查田数 Number of survey fields
北疆春播玉米产区 Spring maize production area in Northern Xinjiang	乌鲁木齐市	新市区	滴灌覆膜	8
	昌吉州	昌吉市、玛纳斯县	滴灌覆膜、漫灌覆膜	14
	塔城地区	沙湾市、乌苏市	滴灌覆膜、滴灌无膜	15
	博州	精河县、博乐市	滴灌覆膜	12
	伊犁州	霍城县、伊宁县、察布查尔县、新源县	漫灌无膜、滴灌无膜	23
南疆复播玉米产区 Replant maize production area in southern Xinjiang	喀什地区	叶城县、莎车县、伽师县、疏附县、疏勒县、巴楚县	漫灌覆膜、漫灌无膜	40

主产区 Main producing area	地州/市 Prefecture / City	县/市/区 County / City / District	栽培模式 Cultivation mode	调查田数 Number of survey fields
北疆春播玉米产区 Spring maize production area in Northern Xinjiang	乌鲁木齐市	新市区	滴灌覆膜	8
	昌吉州	昌吉市、玛纳斯县	滴灌覆膜、漫灌覆膜	14
	塔城地区	沙湾市、乌苏市	滴灌覆膜、滴灌无膜	15
	博州	精河县、博乐市	滴灌覆膜	12
	伊犁州	霍城县、伊宁县、察布查尔县、新源县	漫灌无膜、滴灌无膜	23
南疆复播玉米产区 Replant maize production area in southern Xinjiang	喀什地区	叶城县、莎车县、伽师县、疏附县、疏勒县、巴楚县	漫灌覆膜、漫灌无膜	40

主产区 Main production area	调查玉米田(块) Investigation of corn field (Block)	发病玉米田 (块) Diseased corn field (Block)	平均病田率 Average rate of diseased field (%)	调查株数(株) Number of investigated plants (Strains)	发病株数(株) Number of infected plants (Strains)	病株率 Disease rate (‰)
北疆春播玉米产区 Spring maize production area in Northern Xinjiang	72	70	97.22	36 000	1 867	51.86±7.68
南疆复播玉米产区 Replant maize production area in southern Xinjiang	40	12	30.00	20 000	354	17.70±7.35
合计Tobal	112	82	73.21	56 000	2 221	39.66±5.83

主产区 Main production area	调查玉米田(块) Investigation of corn field (Block)	发病玉米田 (块) Diseased corn field (Block)	平均病田率 Average rate of diseased field (%)	调查株数(株) Number of investigated plants (Strains)	发病株数(株) Number of infected plants (Strains)	病株率 Disease rate (‰)
北疆春播玉米产区 Spring maize production area in Northern Xinjiang	72	70	97.22	36 000	1 867	51.86±7.68
南疆复播玉米产区 Replant maize production area in southern Xinjiang	40	12	30.00	20 000	354	17.70±7.35
合计Tobal	112	82	73.21	56 000	2 221	39.66±5.83

地州/市 Prefecture / City	县/市/区 County / City / District	病田率 Rate of diseased land (%)	病株率范围 Range of disease rate (‰)	病株率 Disease rate (‰)
乌鲁木齐 Urumqi	新市区	100.00	18140	55.50±13.28
昌吉州 Changji Prefecture	昌吉市	87.5	022	7.25±2.70
昌吉州 Changji Prefecture	玛纳斯县	100	454	21.67±7.91
塔城地区 Tacheng area	沙湾市	85.7	0128	34.57±17.00
塔城地区 Tacheng area	乌苏市	100	288	42.5±10.82
博州地区 Bozhou area	精河县	100	284	23.2±15.53
博州地区 Bozhou area	博乐市	100	4414	117.14±53.41
伊犁州 Yili Prefecture	霍城县	100	2888	50.67±9.46
	伊宁县	100	6132	64.29±20.47
	察布查尔县	100	1070	36±13.02
	新源县	100	66285	126.2±41.09
喀什地区 Kashgar region	叶城县	47.06	0202	37.41±16.16
	莎车县	20	040	5±4.01
	伽师县	0	0	0
	疏附县	0	0	0
	疏勒县	0	0	0
	巴楚县	100	1012	11±1.00

荒漠绿洲生态区玉米茎腐病发生分布与危害

Occurrence and Damage Analysis of Corn Stalk Rot Desert Oasis Ecological Region

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Metrics

玉米品种 Maize varieties	品种名称/代号 Variety name / Code	病株率范围 Range of disease rate (‰)
商品玉米品种(27份) Commercial corn varieties (27 copies)	石玉905、新玉81号、新玉11号、新玉39号、新玉9号、新玉82号、新玉13号	0
	济玉516/利单295、新引M753、辽河一号、新引M751、金友99、新引KX3564、新玉53、新玉63、新玉69、和育185、新玉38、郑单958、明玉178、东单1331、鑫研218、	6100
	富支968、先玉335、登海8883、未知(样地代号YC-17)	104285
	商品玉米品种平均病株率:	48.12
制种玉米材料(9份) Seed corn material (9 copies)	代号不详(2份)	0
制种玉米材料(9份) Seed corn material (9 copies)	LY2001、代号不详(6份)	446
	制种玉米材料平均病株率:	15.56

栽培模式 Cultivation mode		调查田数(块) Number of investigation fields (Pieces)	发病田数(块) Number of diseased fields (Block)	平均病田率 Average rate of diseased land (‰)	病株率 Disease rate(‰)
灌溉方式 Irrigation method	覆膜/无膜 Coated / Non coated	调查田数(块) Number of investigation fields (Pieces)	发病田数(块) Number of diseased fields (Block)	平均病田率 Average rate of diseased land (‰)	病株率 Disease rate(‰)
滴灌	覆膜	41	39	95.12	48.39±11.08^a
滴灌	无膜	6	6	100	32.67±11.05^a
漫灌	覆膜	22	7	31.82	23.63±12.61^a
漫灌	无膜	43	30	69.77	40.07±8.39^a

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