超晚冬播冬、春小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.007

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (10): 2394-2401.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.007

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

超晚冬播冬、春小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响

孙诗仁¹(), 薛丽华¹(), 章建新²

1.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2021-12-02 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-12-21
通信作者: 薛丽华
作者简介:孙诗仁(1976-),男,陕西人,助理农艺师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail: 415199267@qq.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32060433);国家自然科学基金(31760364);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项(xjkcpy-003);新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项(科技援疆计划)(2019E0258)

Effects of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Different Winter and Spring Wheat Cultivars under Extremely-Late Sowing

SUN Shiren¹(), XUE Lihua¹(), ZHANG Jianxin²

1. Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2021-12-02 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-12-21
Correspondence author: XUE Lihua
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060433);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760364);Key Technology Innovation Incubation Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjkcpy-003);Special Project for Regional Collaborative Innovation Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(S & T Assisting Xinjiang Program)(2019E0258)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆北疆超晚冬播条件下,不同冬、春小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响。【方法】冬小麦适播期为9月20~30日,播种期为10月31日,延迟播期31~41 d,在超晚播条件下,采用随机区组设计,田间比较冬、春小麦品种的光合特性、籽粒灌浆速率和产量的差异。【结果】冬、春小麦品种旗叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度因不同品种而异,新冬41号和新春6号均高于其它品种,依次为60.2和58.1、33.1 μmol/(m²·s)和32.5 μmol/(m²·s)、10.22 mmol/(m²·s)和10.41 mmol/(m²·s)、0.33 mol/(m²·s)和0.36 mol/(m²·s)。春小麦品种最大灌浆速率的峰值出现在花后18~20 d,而冬小麦出现在15~17 d。新冬41号和新春6号产量较高,为7 812.3~7 935.6 kg/hm²,获得高产的穗数431.7×10⁴~475.2×10⁴穗/hm²,穗粒数31.6~36.3,千粒重51.7~52.8 g。【结论】新冬41号和新春6号较适合北疆超晚冬播。

关键词: 冬播; 冬小麦; 春小麦; 光合特性; 灌浆速率; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To ascertain photosynthetic characteristics and grain-filling rate and yield of different winter and spring wheat cultivars under extremely-late sowing. 【Method】 The suitable sowing period of winter wheat is from 20th to 30th in September, and the planting period of this test is October 31, with a delay of 31-41 days sowing. Under ultra-late sowing conditions,the randomized block designed field experiment was compared the difference between photosynthetic characteristics, grain-filling rate and yield of different winter and spring wheat cultivars in the field. 【Result】 The leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductivity of winter and spring wheat varieties varied among different cultivars. The yields of Xindong 41 and Xinchun 6 were higher than other cultivars, which were 60.2 and 58.1, 33.1 μmol/(m²·s) and 32.5 μmol/(m²·s), 10.22 m mol/(m²·s) and 10.41 m mol/(m²·s), 0.33 mol/(m²·s) and 0.36 mol/(m²·s). The peak rate of the maximum grain-filling rate of spring wheat cultivars occurred 18-20 days after, while winter wheat occurred 15-17 days after. The yields of Xindong 41 and Xinchun6 were relatively high, ranging from 7,812.3 kg/hm² to 7,935.6 kg/hm². The number of high-yielding spikes was 431.7×10⁴/hm²~475.2×10⁴/hm², the number of spikes was 31.6-36.3, and the number of thousands of grains weight was 51.7~52.8 g.【Conclusion】 Comprehensively considering all the factors, Xindong 41 and Xinchun 6 are more suitable for ultra-late winter sowing in northern Xinjiang.

Key words: winter sowing; winter wheat; spring wheat; photosynthetic characteristics; grain-filling rate; yield

中图分类号:

S512

孙诗仁, 薛丽华, 章建新. 超晚冬播冬、春小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(10): 2394-2401.

SUN Shiren, XUE Lihua, ZHANG Jianxin. Effects of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Different Winter and Spring Wheat Cultivars under Extremely-Late Sowing[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(10): 2394-2401.

图/表 8

图1 2018-2019年小麦整个生育期月平均气温和降水

Fig.1 The average temperature and precipitation of wheat whole growth period

图2 越冬期4 cm土层日最低温度

Fig.2 The lowest temperature in 4 cm soil during winter(℃)

图3 冬、春小麦旗叶叶绿素相对含量变化注:图A冬小麦品种;图B春小麦品种,下同

Fig. 3 Changes in chlorophyll content of flags leaf in different winter and spring wheat cultivars Note: Fig A winter wheat cultivars; Fig B spring wheat cultivars. The same as below

图4 冬、春小麦旗叶净光合速率变化

Fig 4 Changes in net photosynthetic rate of flags leaf in different winter and spring wheat cultivars

图5 冬、春小麦旗叶蒸腾速率变化

Fig 5 Changes in transpiration rate of flags leaf in different winter and spring wheat cultivars

图6 冬、春小麦旗叶气孔导度变化

Fig.6 Changes in stomatal conductivity of flags leaf in different winter and spring wheat cultivars

图7 冬、春小麦籽粒灌浆速率变化

Fig.7 Effects on grain-filling rate in different winter and spring wheat cultivars(A W)

表1 冬、春小麦产量及产量构成

Table 1 Yield and yield components of winter and spring wheat cultivars

品种类型 Cultivars type	品种 Variety	穗数 Ears (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number	千粒重 1000-grain mass (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
冬小麦品种 Winter wheat	新冬18号	505.1^ab	34.6^ab	43.8^cd	7 422.5^b
	新冬22号	471.7^bc	35.2^b	45.6^c	7 234.4^b
	新冬41号	431.7^c	36.3^a	51.7^a	7 812.3^a
	新冬48号	428.8^c	32.8^bc	48.8^b	6 627.5^c
	新冬51号	495.0^ab	33.6^b	43.2^cd	7 148.0^b
	新冬53号	520.3^a	34.7^ab	41.7^d	7 178.8^b
春小麦品种 Spring wheat	新春6号	475.2^b	31.6^c	52.8^a	7 935.6^a
	新春20号	428.5^c	33.5^b	42.6^d	5 979.0^d
	新春27号	446.9^c	34.8^ab	47.8^b	7 148.2^b
	新春29号	476.9^b	31.2^c	43.7^cd	6 469.5^c
	新春43号	515.8^a	32.9^b	46.8^bc	7 581.6^ab
均值 Mean	冬小麦品种	475.4	34.8	45.8	7 237.3
均值 Mean	春小麦品种	468.7	33.9	46.7	7 022.8

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超晚冬播冬、春小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响

Effects of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Different Winter and Spring Wheat Cultivars under Extremely-Late Sowing

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