减量施氮对滴灌春小麦光合特性和荧光参数的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究减氮调控对滴灌春小麦光合特性、荧光参数和产量的影响,为提高新疆滴灌春小麦产量和氮肥利用效率提供科学依据。【方法】 采用裂区设计,施氮量为主区,品种为副区;新春31号和新春6号为材料,设置全生育期所施用的氮肥用量:0 kg/hm²(N₀,不施氮)、225 kg/hm²(N₁)、250kg/hm²(N₂)、275 kg/hm²(N₃)、300 kg/hm²(N₄),5个不同施氮量,N₄为常规施氮处理。【结果】 在小麦整个生育期中,随着氮肥施用量的减少,2个品种小麦的叶面积指数(LAI)均在抽穗期达到最大值,且趋势都是先增后减;SPAD值发生的变化也为先升高后降低;小麦旗叶净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)先增后降,而胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)先降后增,与Pn、Tr、Gs的趋势相反;最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)与实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)在开花期均出现最大值且变化趋势都先增后减;2个品种小麦的产量变化趋势先增后减,穗数和每穗粒数随氮肥使用量的增加呈不断增加趋势,但千粒重却表现为先增后减的趋势,其中新春31号在N₃处理下产量最高,新春6号在N₂处理下产量最高;经通径分析,产量三因素中穗数、穗粒数对产量都有较大的影响,千粒重对产量影响不大。【结论】 新春31号的最佳施氮量为275 kg/hm²,新春6号的最佳施氮量为250 kg/hm²。

关键词: 减量施氮; 滴灌小麦; 光合特性; 荧光参数; 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 Drip irrigation technology has been gradually applied to the production of wheat and other closely planted crops due to its advantages of water saving, energy saving, labor saving and fertilization with water. However, there are some problems such as unreasonable nitrogen fertilizer input and low utilization rate. In this study, the effects of nitrogen reduction regulation on photosynthetic characteristics, fluorescence parameters and yield of spring wheat under drip irrigation were studied in the hope of providing a scientific basis for further improving spring wheat yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under drip irrigation in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Random block design was adopted, with nitrogen application amount as the main area and varieties as the secondary area. Using Xinchun 31 and Xinchun 6 as experimental materials, the nitrogen fertilizer applied in the whole growth period was set as 0 kg/hm² (N₀),225 kg/hm² (N₁), 250 kg/hm² (N₂), 275 kg/hm² (N₃), and 300 kg/hm² (N₄). 【Result】 The results showed that during the whole growth period of wheat, with the decrease of nitrogen application amount, the LAI of both varieties reached the maximum value at heading stage and the trend was first increasing and then decreasing. The SPAD value also increased first and then decreased. The change of Pn, Tr and Gs in wheat flag leaves was first increased and then decreased, while the change of Ci was first decreased and then increased, which was contrary to the change of Pn, Tr and Gs. Fv/Fm and Φ PS Ⅱ at flowering period in the maximum and the trend of change was first increasing and then decreasing; The yield of both varieties increased first and then decreased. The number of panicle and the number of grains per panicle increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer use, but the 1,000-grain weight increased first and then decreased. Among them, Xinchun 6 had the highest yield under N₂ treatment, and Xinchun 31 had the highest yield under N₃ treatment. Path analysis showed that among the three factors of yield, the number of panicle, grain number of panicle and 1,000-grain weight of both varieties had a great influence on the yield, but the 1,000-grain weight had little effect on the yield. 【Conclusion】 The optimum nitrogen application amount for Xinchun 31 is 275 kg/hm², and the optimum nitrogen application amount for Xinchun 6 is 250 kg/hm².

Key words: reduced nitrogen application; drip irrigation wheat; photosynthetic characteristics; fluorescence parameters; production

中图分类号:

S512

杨鲤糠, 蒋桂英, 祁静玉. 减量施氮对滴灌春小麦光合特性和荧光参数的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(12): 2164-2175.

YANG Likang, JIANG Guiying, QI Jingyu. Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fluorescence Parameters of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(12): 2164-2175.

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