早熟棉区行距与密度互作对棉花产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.001

新疆农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 981-989.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.001

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早熟棉区行距与密度互作对棉花产量的影响

敦磊¹, 李鹏程², 余超³, 万素梅¹, 董合林²

1.塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300;
2.中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳 455000;
3.新疆生产建设兵团第一师七团三连,新疆阿拉尔 843000

收稿日期:2020-01-20 发布日期:2020-05-11
通信作者: 万素梅(1968-),女,新疆阿克苏人,教授,博士,研究方向为旱区农业资源管理及高效农作制度,(E-mail)wansumei510@163.com;董合林(1964-),男,河南内黄人,研究员,硕/博士生导师,研究方向为土壤肥料与节水灌溉,(E-mail)donghl668@sina.com
作者简介:敦磊(1983-),男,河南安阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物高产栽培,(E-mail)83070375@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“棉花化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2017YFD0201900);兵团重大科技项目(2016AA001);棉花生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(CB2018AXX)

Effects of Row Spacing and Density on Cotton Yield in Early Maturity Cotton Area

DUN lei¹, LI Pengcheng², YU Chao³, WAN Sumei¹, DONG Helin²

1.College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China;
2.State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang Henan, 455000, China;
3.3rd Company, 7th Regimental Farm, 1st Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar Xinjiang 843000, China

Received:2020-01-20 Published:2020-05-11
Correspondence author: WAN Sumei (1968-), female, Aksu, Xinjiang, professor. Research field: agricultural resource management and efficient farming system in arid areas,(E-mail)wansumei510@163.com;DONG Helin (1964-), male, Neihuang, Henan, researcher. Research field: soil fertilizer and water-saving irrigation,(E-mail)donghl668@sina.com
Supported by:
Supported by the Research and Demonstration of Technology Integration for Reducing Fertilizer and Pesticide Application to Cotton (2017YFD0201900);the Major Science and Technology Project of the XPCC (2016AA001); Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (CB2018AXX)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同行距及密度互作对棉花生长发育和产量品质的影响,为棉花合理密植和株行距配置提供理论依据。【方法】在新疆南疆阿克苏市温宿县早熟棉区进行大田试验,采用裂区设计,主区为行距,设3个处理,分别为66 cm(A₁)、76 cm(A₂)、86 cm(A₃);副区为密度,设3个处理,分别为12×10⁴株/hm²(B₁)、15×10⁴株/hm²(B₂)、18×10⁴株/hm²(B₃)。【结果】在相同行距条件下,提高种植密度,棉花株高及节间长度增加,茎秆变细,单株结铃数减少。在相同密度条件下,增大行距株距变小,纵向竞争大于横向竞争,行距越大棉花向行间倾斜的角度越大。不同行距的棉花产量都随着密度的增加而增加, A₂B₃处理籽棉产量最高。【结论】同密度下,窄行距棉花封行早,营养枝多,叶面积指数高,下部通风透光性差,蕾铃脱落多;宽行距棉花株距小,在同等栽培措施下封行时间晚,叶面积指数低。提高种植密度,单位面积的铃数增加,单铃重减少。行距及密度对籽棉产量影响显著,中行距高密度处理产量最高。

关键词: 棉花; 行距; 密度; 产量; 纤维品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effects of different row spacing and densities on the growth and quality of cotton in the early maturity cotton area of southern Xinjiangin the hope of providing theoretical basis for reasonable density and row spacing. 【Method】 A split-plot field experiment with three replicates was carried out in Wensu County, Aksu, Southern Xinjiang, with three row spacing in the main plots (66 cm, A₁; 76 cm, A₂; 86 cm, A₃), and three planting densities in the subplots (120,000 plants /hm², B₁; 150,000 plants /hm², B₂; and 180,000 plants /hm², B₃). 【Results】 As cotton planting density increased, cotton plant height and internode length increased, stem became thinner, and the number of bolls per plant decreased under the same row spacing. While under the same planting density, increasing the row spacing led to the plant spacing becoming smaller, the vertical competition was greater than the horizontal competition, and the larger the row spacing was, the greater was the inclination angle of cotton to the rows. With the increase of density, the yield of different row spacing increased. The average yield of narrow row spacing was lower than that of wide row spacing and middle row spacing. 【Conclusion】 Under the same density, cotton with narrow row spacing sealed early with more vegetative branches, high leaf area index, and poor ventilation and light transmittance in the bottom, which resulted in more buds and bolls shedding. As cotton plant spacing in wide rows was small, the time of sealing was late it leaded to a late sealing and lowthe leaf area index was low. With the increase of planting density, the bolls per unit area increased while the bolls decreased, and the yield of high density treatment with middle row spacing was the highest. Row spacing and density had a significant effect on seed cotton yield, but the interaction between row spacing and density was not significant.

Key words: cotton; spacing; density; yield; fiber quality

中图分类号:

S562

敦磊, 李鹏程, 余超, 万素梅, 董合林. 早熟棉区行距与密度互作对棉花产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(6): 981-989.

DUN lei, LI Pengcheng, YU Chao, WAN Sumei, DONG Helin. Effects of Row Spacing and Density on Cotton Yield in Early Maturity Cotton Area[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(6): 981-989.

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早熟棉区行距与密度互作对棉花产量的影响

Effects of Row Spacing and Density on Cotton Yield in Early Maturity Cotton Area

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