不同时段伊犁马行为特征的差异性分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.02.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究马的行为规律及变化过程,为马匹的选择、训练及健康评估等提供理论参考。【方法】 选取健康状况良好的伊犁马母马12匹,采集视频数据,记录马匹在各时间段摄食、静息、探究、修饰、排泄和其他等各种行为指标,比较分析各时段行为的差异性。【结果】 舍饲伊犁马在行为规律上全天时间摄食>静息>探究>其他>修饰,不同时段伊犁马行为时间分配上,咀嚼、伸展时间下午时间段极显著大于早、晚时间段(P<0.01),卧息、站息时间晚上极显著大于早上、下午时间段(P<0.01),站立、警觉时间早上、下午时间段均极显著大于晚上时间段(P<0.01),舔食时间早上时间段极显著大于晚上时间段(P<0.01),啃痒时间早上时间段极显著大于下午时间段(P<0.01),频次指标中,咀嚼次数下午时间段极显著大于晚上时间段(P<0.01),显著大于早上时间段(P<0.05),舔食、摇头次数早上时间段极显著大于晚上时间段(P<0.01),卧息次数晚上时间段均极显著大于早上、下午时间段(P<0.01),警觉、站立次数早上、下午时间段均极显著大于晚上时间段(P<0.01),啃痒、伸展早上时间段显著大于下午时间段(P<0.05),排便次数早上、下午、晚上各时间段均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。【结论】 舍饲伊犁马全天中用于摄食的时间最长,其后依次是静息、探究、其他、修饰。咀嚼、舔食多集中在早上、下午各时间段;蹭痒多集中在早上时间段;卧息、站息、伸展多集中于晚上时间段;站立、警觉在白天各时间段均较集中;在嗅探、蹭痒、哈欠、刨地、抬蹄、排尿上没有发现差异,通过观察不同时段所表现的行为指标对马匹行为进行监测,可为实际生产过程中马匹的管理提供客观参考指标,减少对马的伤害,防止恶癖的发生。

关键词: 伊犁马; 不同时段; 行为; 差异性

Abstract: 【Objective】 To understand the behavior of horses and the process of change in the hope providing a theoretical reference for horse selection, training and health assessment.【Method】 12 Yili mares in good health were selected and video data which recorded various behavioral indicators of mares, such as feeding, resting, exploring, grooming and excreting were collected. In addition, the differences of behaviors in different periods were compared and analyzed. 【Result】 The behavior of Yili horses fed in the shed all day long was feeding > resting > exploring > other > grooming. The time of chewing and stretching in the afternoon was significantly longer than that in the morning and evening (P<0.01); the time of lying rest and standing rest in the evening was remarkably longer than that in the morning and afternoon (P<0.01); the time of standing and alerting in the morning and afternoon was longer than that in the evening (P<0.01); the time of nibbling in the morning was obviously longer than that in the evening; The time of itching in the morning was longer than that in the afternoon. In terms of the frequency indicators, the frequency of chewing in the afternoon was significantly greater than that in the evening (P<0.01) and morning(P<0.05); the frequency of licking and head shaking was obviously greater than that in the evening(P<0.01); the times of lying rest in the evening were significantly higher than that in the morning and afternoon (P<0.01); The times of alerting and standing in the morning and afternoon were remarkably higher than that in the evening (P<0.01); the times of nibbling and stretching in the morning were significantly higher than that in the afternoon (P<0.05); the times of defecation were different in the morning, afternoon and evening (P<0.01).【Conclusion】 The ingestion time of Yili horses in barn was the longest in the whole day, followed by resting, exploring, grooming and others. Chewing and licking were mostly concentrated in the morning and afternoon. Nibbling was mostly concentrated in the morning. Lying rest, standing rest and stretching were mostly concentrated in the evening; Standing and alerting were concentrated in all time periods during the day. And no differences were found in sniffing, rubbing, yawning, pawing, hoof lifting and urinating. Monitoring the behavior of horses by observing the behavioral indicators of different periods could provide objective reference index for horse management in the actual production process, which could reduce the damage to horses and prevent their bad habits.

Key words: Yili horse; different periods; behavior; differences

中图分类号:

S821.9⁺1

王菊花, 孟军, 王建文, 孔麒森, 姚新奎, 王川坤, 蒋文东, 姚闰晨, 刘钰颖, 包红艳. 不同时段伊犁马行为特征的差异性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(2): 365-374.

WANG Juhua, MENG Jun, WANG Jiangwen, KONG Qisen, YAO Xinkui, WANG Chuankun, JIANG Wendong, YAO Runchen, LIU Yuying, BAO Hongyan. Differential Analysis of Behavior Features of Yili Horses during Different Periods[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(2): 365-374.

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