不同树龄赤霞珠葡萄果实性状及品质的差异分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.11.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同树龄对成熟赤霞珠果实品质等的影响,为赤霞珠葡萄品质评价和酿造优质葡萄酒提供理论依据。【方法】以新疆吐鲁番市鄯善县楼兰酒业果园内5 a、15 a、30 a树龄的赤霞珠为试验材料,测定并比较果实成熟时的果穗紧密度、果穗质量、果粒质量、果粒纵横径、果皮颜色、种子颜色、可溶性固形物含量(SSC)、pH值、有机酸、花色苷、多酚、单宁等指标。【结果】吐鲁番市鄯善县赤霞珠葡萄果穗质量多分布在45.58~69.13 g,果穗质量最大(186.90 g)的是5 a树龄的,最小(22.04 g)的是30 a树龄的;30 a树龄的果穗较为松散,SSC含量较高,有机酸含量偏低,固酸比较高,但不同树龄间果穗的变异系数不存在显著差异;果粒质量主要分布在0.46~1.30 g,果粒质量最大(1.95 g)的30 a树龄的,最小(0.14 g)的是5 a树龄的。树龄对果粒纵径、横径、果形指数、果皮中花色苷、单宁、多酚的影响不明显。【结论】在新疆吐鲁番市鄯善县5 a树龄赤霞珠葡萄果穗质量最大,果实果皮中单宁、多酚含量都最高,果实品质相对最好,是适合酿造优质葡萄酒的最佳树龄。

关键词: 赤霞珠葡萄; 树龄; 果实品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 The study was designed to investigate the effect of different ages of vine on the fruit quality of ripe Cabernet Sauvignon grape to provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of fruit quality of Cabernet Sauvignon grape and the production of good wines. 【Method】 5, 15 and 30 years' age of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape vines planted in the vineyard of Loulan Winery in Shanshan County, Turpan, Xinjiang were investigated by measuring and comparing indicators of ripe fruits, including the density of bunch, weight of single bunch, weight single berry, length and width of berry, color of berry skin, color of seed skin, soluble solid content (SSC), pH, total organic acids content, anthocyanin content, polyphenol content, tannin content, etc.【Results】 The results indicated that the masses of fruit clusters of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine in Shanshan County of Turpan ranged from 45.58 to 69.13 g, with grapevines of 5 years on the top (186.90 g) and the grapevines of 30 years at the bottom (22.04 g); that grapevines with 30 years of age were characterized with loose fruit clusters, high SSC content, less content of organic acid and relatively high content of solid acid, but there were no significant differences in variation coefficients of fruit clusters from grapevine with different ages, whose fruit grains ranged from 0.46 to 1.30 g, with grapevines of 30 years on the top (1.95 g) and the grapevines of 5 years at the bottom (0.14 g) and that there was no obvious effect of different ages of vine on length and width of berry, berry shape indicator, anthocyanin content, and tannin content and polyphenols content in the skin of berry. 【Conclusion 】 In Shanshan County, Turpan, Xinjiang, Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines of 5 years were characterized with the maximum mass of fruit cluster, the maximum content of tannin and polyphenol content in fruit and fruit peel and relatively the best fruit quality, so it is the best fruit age to produce grapes for quality wine.

Key words: Cabernet Sauvignon grape; age of vine; fruit quality

中图分类号:

S663.1

蔡军社, 白世践, 户金鸽, 陈光. 不同树龄赤霞珠葡萄果实性状及品质的差异分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(11): 2023-2031.

CAI Jun-she, BAI Shi-jian, HU Jin-ge, CHEN Guang. Analysis of Differences of Fruit Characters and Quality of Cabernet Sauvignonamong Grapes with Different Ages[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(11): 2023-2031.

参考文献

[1] 姜文广, 李记明, 于英, 等. 不同树龄对蛇龙珠葡萄果实品质的影响[J]. 中外葡萄与葡萄酒, 2013,(1):20-23.
JIANG Wen-guang,LI Ji-ming,YU Ying,et al. Effect of different vine ages on berry quality of Cabernet Gernischet during ripening [J]. Sino-overseas Grapevine &Wine, 2013,(1):20-23.
[2] 闫慧洁, 韩占江, 张艳波. 阿拉尔垦区不同树龄骏枣果实品质的比较[J]. 食品科技, 2016,(5):40-43.
YAN Min-jie,HAN Zhan-jiang,ZHANG Yan-bo. Comparison on fruit quality of jujube under different tree-age in Alar reclamation area [J]. Food Science and Technology, 2016,(5):40-43.
[3] 王东辉, 田国政, 刘永清. 不同树龄空心李的果实品质比较[J]. 浙江林业科技, 2005,(2):29-31.
WANG Dong-hui,TIAN Guo-zheng,LIU Yong-qing. Comparison of Fruit Quality of Different Aged Prunus salicina [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science & Technology, 2005,(2):29-31.
[4] 冷虹, 谭启玲, 胡承孝. 椪柑品质因树龄的变化及其与叶片-土壤养分含量的关系[J]. 中国南方果树, 2016,(2):16-22.
LENG Hong,TAN Qi-ling,HU Cheng-xiao. Changes of 'Ponkan' Mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco) Fruit Quality with the age of Tree and Its Relation to Leaf-Soil Nutrient Contents [J]. South China Fruits, 2016,(2):16-22.
[5] 冷虹. 树龄对椪柑果实品质、土壤-树体营养的影响及其关系[D]. 华中农业大学, 2015.
LENG Hong. Effect of Tree Age on Fruit Quality, Soil-Tree Nutrient and its Relationship [D]. Master Dissertation. Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan. 2015.
[6] 孙桂丽, 玉苏甫·阿不力提甫, 等. 树形及树龄对'库尔勒香梨'光合特征及果实品质的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2014,(16):4-8.
SUN Gui-li,Yusufu Abulitifu,et al. Effect of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of 'Korla Fragrant Pear' in Different Tree Shapes and Tree Age [J]. Northern Horticulture,2014,(16):4-8.
[7] 李鹏, 王益权, 梁化学. 渭北不同树龄苹果品质因子分析与综合评价[J]. 食品科学, 2016,(3):49-54.
LI Peng,WANG Yi-quan,LIANG Hua-xue. Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruit Quality Factors of Apple Trees at Different Ages in Main Growing Regions to the North of the Weihe River in Shaanxi Province[J]. Food Science,2016,(3):49-54.
[8] 马丽娟, 代红军. 树龄对蛇龙珠葡萄光合作用及果实品质的影响[J]. 农业科学研究, 2015,(2):17-21.
MA Li-juan,DAI Hong-jun. Effect of different vine ages on berry quality and photosynthesis of Cabernet Gernischt [J]. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015,(2):17-21.
[9] 邓波, 秦洋. 赤霞珠和蛇龙珠葡萄浆果中不同组分含量的研究[J]. 山东轻工业学院学报(自然科学版), 2012,(3):27-30.
DENG Bo,QIN Yang. Comparative study of the different compound content in grape berry of cabernet sauvignon and cabernet gernischt [J]. Journal of Shandong Polytechnic University(Natural Science Edition),2012,(3):27-30.
[10]OIV. OIV descriptor list for grape varieties and Vitis species [M]. 2nd edition. Paris: Organisation intermationale de la vigne etdu vin, 2007.
[11]Erika Winter,John Whiting,Jack Rousseau. Wine grape berry sensory assessment in Australia. Adelaide: Winetietles Pty Ltd.,2009.
[12] 孟祥云, 王枝翠, 王雨歌, 等. 地面遮阴对新疆'红地球'葡萄果实着色的影响[J]. 果树学报, 2014,(1):60-65.
MENG Xiang-yun,WANG Zhi-cui,WANG Yu-ge,et al. Effects of terrestrial shading on the berry coloring of red globe grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in Xinjiang [J]. Journal of Fruit Science, 2014,(1):60-65.
[13] 张昭其, 庞学群, 段学武, 等. 荔枝采后果皮花色素苷的降解与花色素苷酶活性变化[J]. 中国农业科学, 2003,(8):945-949.
ZHANG Zhao-qi,PANG Xue-qun,DUAN Xue-wu,et al. The Anthocyanin Degradation and Anthocyanase Activity During the Dericarp Browning of Lychee Fruit [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2003,(8):945-949.
[14] 王华. 葡萄与葡萄酒实验技术操作规范[M]. 西安: 西安地图出版社, 1999.
WANG Hua. Specification for Experimental Technical Operation of Grape and Wine[M]. Xi'an:Xi'an Map Publishing House. 1999.
[15] 张建方, 王秀祥. 直方图理论与最优直方图制作[J]. 应用概率统计, 2009,(2):201-214.
ZhANG Jian-fang,WANG Xiu-xiang.Histogram theories and Optimal Histogram Construction Algorrithms [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Probability and Statistics,2009,(2):201-214.
[16] Markus Keller, 王军, 段长青, 等. 解刨学与生理学[M]. 北京: 2016.
Markus Keller (Author),WANG Jun,DUAN Chang-qing,et al. (Translator). The Science of Grapevines: Anatomy and Physiology [M]. Beijing: Science Publishing Company. 2016.
[17] 乐小凤, 唐永红, 鞠延仑, 等. '霞多丽'葡萄果粒大小对果实品质的影响研究[J]. 食品科学, 2018,(1):1-12.
LE Xiao-feng, TANG Yong-hong,JU Yan-lun,et al. Effect of Berry Size on Fruit Quality of 'Chardonnay' Grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv)[J]. Food Science,, 2018,(1):1-12.
[18] 何非, 许晓青, 陈武, 等. 葡萄品种赤霞珠采收期果穗和果粒性状的差异分析[J]. 植物遗传资源学报, 2014,(5):975-985.
HE Fei,XU Xiao-qing,CHEN Wu,et al. Variation Analysis of Cluster and Berry Characters in Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes at Harvest Stage [J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2014,(5):975-985.
[19] 牛帅科, 杨丽丽, 孙聪伟, 等. 葡萄芳香物质影响因素研究进展[J]. 中外葡萄与葡萄酒, 2017,(4):100-103.
NIU Shuai-ke,YANG Li-li, SUN Cong-wei,et al. Research Progress on the Influence Factors of Grape Aromatics[J]. Sino-overseas Grapevine &Wine,2017,(4):100-103.
[20] 刘旭, 姜越, 武轩, 等. 叶幕厚度对"赤霞珠"葡萄光合特性和果实质量的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2016, (2):11-15.
LIU Xu,JIANG Yue,WU Xuan,et al. Influence of Canopy Thickness on Photosynthesis Characteristics and Fruit Quality of 'Carbernet Sauvignon'[J]. Northern Horticulture,2016, (2):11-15.
[21] 王秀芹, 陈小波, 战吉成, 等. 生态因素对酿酒葡萄和葡萄酒品质的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2006, 27(12):791-797.
WANG Xiu-qin,CHEN Xiao-bo,ZHAN Ji-cheng,et al. Effects of Ecological Factors on Quality of Wine grape and Wine [J]. Food Science,2006, 27(12):791-797.