盐碱胁迫对甜瓜幼苗离子吸收和分配的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究盐碱胁迫下矿质离子分布与甜瓜耐盐碱性的关系,为甜瓜耐盐品种选育提供参考。【方法】以对盐胁迫耐受性不同的2个甜瓜品种为材料,设3个盐碱浓度处理,在幼苗期进行胁迫处理,分析不同浓度盐碱胁迫下甜瓜各器官对Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Fe²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺7种离子选择性吸收和分配的差异。【结果】受到盐碱胁迫影响,2个甜瓜品种根、茎、叶中Na⁺含量均增加,K⁺含量均下降,变化趋势与浓度上升呈正相关;Ca²⁺、Mg⁺含量随浓度变化在根部表现为递增,但在茎、叶部含量表现为下降,Fe²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺含量在不同胁迫浓度下的各器官中均显示出不同变化趋势。风味5号吸收的Na⁺总量低于西州密17号,K⁺、Ca²⁺总吸收量均高于西州密17号,Mg²⁺、Fe²⁺、Zn²⁺总量差异较小。风味5号向叶部输送分配K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺较多,同时在茎中截留大量的Na⁺,而西州密17号叶部、茎部积累大量Na⁺和K⁺,并且根部积累较多Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺,造成盐碱胁迫下风味5号叶片中K⁺/Na⁺、Ca²⁺/Na⁺和 Mg^2+/Na⁺比均高于西州密17号。【结论】盐碱胁迫下风味5号通过在茎中区域化Na⁺,选择性吸收和向叶片分配K⁺、Ca⁺、Mg²⁺等矿质离子维持体内离子平衡,达到缓解盐害,适应盐碱胁迫的目的。

关键词: 甜瓜; 盐碱胁迫; 吸收; 分配

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the relationship between the distribution of mineral ions under saline-alkali stress and the saline-alkali resistance of Hami melon in the hope of providing reference for the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties. 【Methods】 Two melon varieties with different tolerance to salt stress were used as experimental materials. Three concentration treatments were used to perform salt stress treatment at seedling stage. The differences in the selective absorption and distribution of Na⁺, K⁺,Ca²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions in various organs of melon under salt stress of different concentrations were studied and analyzed. 【Results】 The results showed that under the influence of salt stress, the Na⁺ content in the roots, stems and leaves of the two melon varieties increased, while the K⁺ content decreased, and the change trend was positively correlated with the increase of concentration. The contents of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺increased with the change of concentration in the root, but decreased in the stem and leaf. The contents of Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ showed different trends in various organs under different stress concentrations. In general, the total amount of Na+ absorbed by Fengwei 5 was lower than that of Xizhoumi 17, and the total amount of K⁺ and Ca²⁺ was higher than that of Xizhoumi 17. There was a litter difference in the total amount of Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺and Zn²⁺. Fengwei 5 delivered more K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ to the leaves and retained a large amount of Na⁺ in the stems, while Xizhoumi 17 accumulated a large amount of Na⁺ and K⁺ in the leaves and stems, and accumulated more Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in the roots, resulting in higher K⁺/Na⁺, Ca²⁺/Na⁺ and Mg²⁺/Na⁺ ratio in the leaves of Fengwei 5 under salt stress than Xizhoumi 17. 【Conclusion】 Under salt stress, Fengwei 5 could localize Na⁺ in stem, Mineral ions such as K⁺, Ca⁺ and Mg²⁺were selectively absorbed and distributed to the leaves to maintain ion balance in vivo, thus alleviating salt damage and adapting to saline-alkali stress.

Key words: melon; saline-alkali stress; absorption; distribution

中图分类号:

S652

熊韬, 胡国智, 吴海波, 冯炯鑫. 盐碱胁迫对甜瓜幼苗离子吸收和分配的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(7): 1262-1270.

XIONG Tao, HU Guo-zhi, WU Hai-bo, FENG Jiong-xin. Effects of Saline-Alkali Stress on Ion Absorption and Distribution in Melon Seedlings[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(7): 1262-1270.

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