新型尿素对新疆哈密瓜产量、品质及氮肥利用的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究几种新型肥料对新疆吐鲁番哈密瓜产量、品质和氮素吸收利用的影响,筛选出适宜新疆吐鲁番哈密瓜施用的新型尿素。【方法】 以黄皮9818号品种为研究对象,在相同氮磷钾(P₂O₅140 kg/hm²、K₂O 150 kg/hm²)的基础上,施用普通尿素处理为对照,分析大田试验下施用几种新型尿素(等氮量聚能网尿素、等氮量腐殖酸尿素、控失尿素、等氮量含锌尿素、等氮量常规尿素加锌处理)下哈密瓜干物质、产量、养分吸收、氮肥利用及品质情况。【结果】 相对于普通尿素处理,几种新型尿素处理均增加了哈密瓜产量及植株地上部分干物质量,其中等氮量腐殖酸尿素施用后的哈密瓜产量和干物质最高,分别为30 452和2 724 kg/hm²;相对于普通尿素而言,等氮量聚能网尿素、等氮量腐殖酸尿素、控失尿素均显著增加哈密瓜的氮肥利用率和氮肥的农学效率,其中等氮量腐殖酸尿素效果更佳明显,氮肥利用率为36.08%、氮肥的农学效率为40.84 kg/kg;相对于普通尿素、等氮量聚能网尿素、控失尿素、等氮量含锌尿素、等氮量常规尿素加锌处理,等氮量腐殖酸尿素更好提高了哈密瓜的心糖含量且糖梯度最低。【结论】 等氮量腐殖酸尿素的施用在新疆吐鲁番哈密瓜作用上效果最好。

关键词: 哈密瓜; 新型尿素; 产量; 养分吸收与积累; 氮肥利用

Abstract: 【Objective】 To find out the effects of several new types of fertilizer on the yield, quality and nitrogen absorption and utilization of Hami melon in Turpan, Xinjiang for screening out a new type of urea suitable for the application of Hami melon in Turpan, Xinjiang.【Method】 In this experiment, Huangpi 9818 was used as the research object. On the basis of the same nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (P₂O₅ 140 kg/hm², K₂O 150 kg/hm²), the dry matter, yield, nutrient absorption, nitrogen utilization and quality of Hami melon under several new urea treatments (equal nitrogen amount net urea, equal nitrogen amount humic acid urea, controlled lost urea, equal nitrogen amount zinc urea, and equal nitrogen amount conventional urea plus zinc treatment) under field experiment were analyzed by using common urea treatment as control.【Result】 The results showed that the yield of Hami melon and the quality of the dry matter on the ground were increased compared with the ordinary urea treatment. The yield and dry matter of Hami melon after the application of humic acid urea were the highest, 30,452 kg/hm² and 2,724 kg/hm² respectively. Nitrogen humic acid urea and control urea significantly increased the nitrogen use efficiency of Hami melon and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. The effect of urea on urea was better, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate was 36.08%, the nitrogen fertilizer efficiency was 44.84 kg/kg. Compared with the common urea, equal nitrogen amount net urea, equal nitrogen amount humic acid urea, controlled lost urea, equal nitrogen amount zinc urea, and equal nitrogen amount conventional urea plus zinc treatment could improve the carotene content of Hami melon and the sugar gradient was the lowest.【Conclusion】 All factors considered, the application of equal nitrogen amount humic acid urea has the best effect on Hami melon in Turpan, Xinjiang.

Key words: Hami melon; new type urea; yield; nutrient absorption and accumulation; nitrogen fertilizer utilization

中图分类号:

李亚莉,张炎,胡国智,哈丽哈什·依巴提,翟文强,李青军. 新型尿素对新疆哈密瓜产量、品质及氮肥利用的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(10): 1888-1894.

LI Ya-li, ZHANG Yan, HU Guo-zhi, Haliha Yibati, ZHAI Wen-qiang, LI Qing-jun. Effects of New Urea on Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization of Hami Melon in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(10): 1888-1894.

参考文献

[1] 黄植,曹明,杨小锋,等.不同氮肥水平对甜瓜"南海蜜"生长品质及产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(1):107-109.
HUANG Zhi, CAO Ming,YANG Xiao-Feng, et al. (2014). Effects of different nitrogen levels on growth quality and yield of Muskmelon "Nanhai honey" [J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 42(1):107-109.(in Chinese)
[2] 赵楠.新疆哈密瓜产业的调查与思考[J].新疆农业科技,2008,(4):14.
ZHAO Nan. (2008). Investigation and consideration of Hami melon industry in Xinjiang [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology, (4):14.(in Chinese)
[3] 韦同旺.提高哈密瓜内在品质的措施[J].新疆农垦科技,2003,(3):20-21.
WEI Tong-wang. (2003). Measures to improve the internal quality of Hami melon [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology, (3):20-21.(in Chinese)
[4] 王健.新疆优势瓜果与气候[M].北京:气象出版社, 2006.
WANG Jian. (2006). The dominant melon and fruit and climate in Xinjiang [M]. Beijing: Meteorology Press, 2006. (in Chinese)
[5] 奚振邦.关于化肥对作物产量贡献的评估问题[J].磷肥与复肥,2004,15(3):68-73.(in Chinese)
XI Zhen-bang. (2004). Assessment of the contribution of chemical fertilizer to crop yield [J]. Hosphate Fertilizer and Compound Fertilizer, 15(3):68-73.(in Chinese)
[6] 蔡红光,米国华,张秀芝,等.不同施肥方式对东北黑土春玉米连作体系土壤氮素平衡的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(1):89-97.
CAI Hong-guang, MI Guo-hua, ZHANG Xiu-zhi, et al. (2012). Effect of Different fertilizing methods on nitrogen balance in the black soil for continuous maize production in northeast China [J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 18(1):89-97. (in Chinese)
[7] 李欠欠,李雨繁,高强,等.传统和优化施氮对春玉米产量、氨挥发及氮平衡的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):571-579.
LI Qian-qian, LI Yu-fan, GAO Qiang, et al. (2015). Effect of conventional and optimized nitrogen fertilization on spring maize yield, ammonia volatilization and nitrogen balance in soil-maize system [J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 21(3):571-579. (in Chinese)
[8] 蒋迁,李磊,张凤路,等.控失肥与普通化肥对夏玉米养分积累与生长发育的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(4):199-205.
JIANG Qian, LI lei, ZHANG Feng-lu, et al. (2016). Effects of controlled loss fertilizer and common chemical fertilizer on nutrient accumulation and growth of Summer Maize [J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 31(4):199-205. (in Chinese)
[9] 姜继萍,杨京平,杨正超,等.不同氮素水平下水稻叶片及相邻叶位SPAD值变化特征[J].浙江大学学报,2012,38(2):166-174.
JIANG Ji-ping, YANG Jing-ping, YANG Zheng-chao, et al. (2012). Variation characteristics of SPAD values in rice leaves and adjacent leaves under different nitrogen levels [J]. Journal of Zhejiang University, 38(2):166-174. (in Chinese)
[10] FERNANDES A A, MARTINEZ H E P,OLIVEIRA L R. (2002). Effect of nutrient sources on yield, fruit quality and nutritional status of cucumber plants, cultivated in hydroponics [J]. Horticultura Brasileira,20(4):571-575.
[11] 孙克刚,张梦,李玉顺,等.腐植酸尿素对冬小麦增产效果及氮肥利用率的影响[J].腐植酸,2016,(3):18-21.
SUN Ke-gang. ZHANG Meng, LI Yu-shun, et al. (2016). Effects of humic acid urea on yield increase and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat [J]. Humic Acid, (3):18-21. (in Chinese)
[12] 张爱华,张钦,杨爽.新型尿素对玉米产量及养分积累、利用的影响[J].玉米科学,2018,(2):23.
ZHAGN Ai-hua, ZHANG Qing, YANG Shuang. (2018). The effect of new-type urea on yield, nutrient accumulation and utilization of corn [J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/22. (2):23. (in Chinese)
[13] 邢素丽,李孝兰,杨军芳.新型尿素对小麦产量和氮肥利用率的应用效果研究[J].河北农业科学,2017,4(6):40-43.
XING Su-li, LI Xiao-lan, YANG Jun-fang. (2017). Application effect of new urea on Wheat Yield and nitrogen use efficiency [J]. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences, 4(6):40-43. (in Chinese)
[14] 赵欣楠,杨君林,冯守疆.新型尿素在甘肃省马铃薯上的应用研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2017,7(4):54-57.
ZHAO Xin-nan,YANG Jun-lin, FENG Shou-jiang. (2017). Application of new urea in potato in Gansu [J]. Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology, 7(4):54-57. (in Chinese)
[15] 董彦清,蔡冬清,黄新异,等.新型肥料增效剂对马铃薯肥料减施增效作用研究[J].中国马铃薯,2016,3(4):164-168.
DONG Yan-qing,CAI Dong-qing,HUANG Xin-yi,et al. (2016).Synergistic effect of new fertilizer synergist on potato fertilizer [J]. Chinese Potato Journal, 3(4):164-168. (in Chinese)
[16] 翟勇,李玮,史力超,等.腐殖酸尿素对滴灌棉花产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国棉花,2016,43(5):27-31.
ZHAI Yong, LI Wei, SHI Li-chao, et al. (2016). Effect of humic acid urea on Yield and nitrogen use efficiency of cotton under drip irrigation [J]. China Cotton, 43(5):27-31. (in Chinese)
[17] 魏固宁,任俊林.腐殖酸尿素在宁夏南部山区马铃薯上的施用效果[J].宁夏农林科技,2017,58(1):27-28.
WEI Gu-ning, REN Jun-lin. (2017). Application effect of humic acid urea on Potato in southern mountain area of Ningxia [J]. Agricultural and Forestry Science and Technology in Ningxia, 58(1):27-28. (in Chinese)
[18] 周飞,陈余平,韩红煊.冬小麦施用控释尿素、含锌尿素和含锰尿素的效果[J].浙江农业科学,2016,57(11):1 783-1 785.
ZHOU Fei, CHEN Yu-ping, HAN Hong-xuan. (2016). Effect of controlled release urea, zinc containing urea and manganese containing urea on Winter Wheat[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 57(11):1,783-1,785. (in Chinese)