化肥减施-有机肥替代措施提高新疆甜瓜产量和含糖量研究

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.010

新疆农业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (8): 1450-1459.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.010

化肥减施-有机肥替代措施提高新疆甜瓜产量和含糖量研究

徐强¹, 王卫超², 许咏梅², 邵华伟², 杨金钰², 乔晓燕², 吕彩霞²

1.鄯善县鲁克沁镇农技推广站,新疆鄯善 838200;
2.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2017-05-08 发布日期:2020-07-22
通信作者: 许咏梅(1973 -),女,广东潮州人,研究员,博士,研究方向为农业资源高效利用,(E-mail)xym1973@163.com
作者简介:徐强(1981 -),男,山西朔州人,农艺师,研究方向为特色农产品种植技术,(E-mail)5810425@qq.com
基金资助:
农业部公益性行业(农业)专项“北方一熟区耕地培肥与合理轮作制”(201503120)

Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Organic Fertilizer Supplement to Improve the Yield and Sugar Content of Muskmelon in Xinjiang

XU Qiang¹, WANG Wei-chao², XU Yong-mei², SHAO Hua-wei², YANG Jin-yu², QIAO Xiao-yan², Lü Cai-xia²

1. Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Rukqin Town, Shanshan Xinjiang 838200, China;
2. Research Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2017-05-08 Published:2020-07-22
Correspondence author: XU Yong-mei(1973-), female, native place: Chaozhou, Guangdong. PHD, Professor, research field: Agricultural resources effective utility. (E-mail) xym1973@163.com
Supported by:
the Special Research Funding (Agriculture) for the Public Welfare Research Institutes of Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China "Cultivated Land Fertilization and Rational Rotation System in Mature Areas in the North of China" (201503120)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究甜瓜合理的化肥减施量和有机肥替代量,对甜瓜产量和品质的效应,为新疆甜瓜高产优质、产业可持续发展提供参考。【方法】选择新疆鄯善鲁克沁甜瓜主产区,采用三因素三水平正交试验设计,以有机肥种类、有机肥施用量、化肥施用量为考察因素,有机肥种类为固体有机肥、液体滴灌有机肥和小麦秸秆;有机肥施用量分别设置为每种有机肥的低、中、高施用量;化肥施用量为常规施肥量、减施化肥15%和30%。化学氮肥为尿素,磷肥为磷酸一铵。测试甜瓜产量、波美度值(含糖量),研究化肥减施-有机肥替代对甜瓜产量和品质的效应。【结果】有机肥的种类是影响甜瓜产量和含糖量的主要因素,其次为有机肥的施用量,而化肥施用量影响最小。甜瓜减施30%化肥仍能获得最高产量和含糖量。【结论】新疆鄯善地区甜瓜施肥策略可采用减施化肥-有机肥替代技术,最佳组合为有机肥可采用小麦秸秆或有机肥,施用量为450 kg/667 m²,化肥用量较常规施肥可减少30%。

关键词: 甜瓜正交试验; 化肥减施; 有机肥替代; 产量; 含糖量

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the reasonable amount of chemical fertilizer application and the substitution of organic fertilizer for the muskmelon in Xinjiang, to provide reference for the high yield and good quality of muskmelon and the sustainable development of the muskmelon industry.【Method】Lukqin muskmelon production area in Shanshan, Xinjiang was selected and the three factors and three levels orthogonal design was adopted. Types of organic fertilizer, the amount of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were taken as the factors to be investigated. The types of organic fertilizer were solid organic fertilizer, liquid drip irrigation organic fertilizer and wheat straw. The application amount of organic fertilizer was set to low, middle and high dosage of each organic fertilizer. Chemical fertilizer application amount is conventional fertilizer, 15% and 30% reduced amounts (in relation to the conventional amount). The chemical nitrogen fertilizer was urea, and the phosphate fertilizer was monoammonium phosphate. The data of yield and sugar content were measured and analyzed to determine the effects of different chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer substitution on the yield and quality of Muskmelon.【Result】Types of organic fertilizer were the main factors affecting muskmelon yield and sugar content, followed by the organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer with minimal impact. Reducing 30% chemical fertilizer could still obtain high muskmelon yield and sugar content.【Conclusion】The fertilization strategy of muskmelon in Shanshan area of Xinjiang can be replaced by reducing chemical fertilizer amount and organic fertilizer replacement technology. The best combination is organic manure, which means wheat straw or other organic ones can be used, the amount of application is 450 kg/667 m², and the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced by 30% compared with conventional fertilizer.

Key words: orthogonal experiment; chemical fertilizer reduction; organic fertilizer substitution; yield; sugar content

中图分类号:

徐强, 王卫超, 许咏梅, 邵华伟, 杨金钰, 乔晓燕, 吕彩霞. 化肥减施-有机肥替代措施提高新疆甜瓜产量和含糖量研究[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2017, 54(8): 1450-1459.

XU Qiang, WANG Wei-chao, XU Yong-mei, SHAO Hua-wei, YANG Jin-yu, QIAO Xiao-yan, Lü Cai-xia. Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Organic Fertilizer Supplement to Improve the Yield and Sugar Content of Muskmelon in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 54(8): 1450-1459.

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化肥减施-有机肥替代措施提高新疆甜瓜产量和含糖量研究

Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Organic Fertilizer Supplement to Improve the Yield and Sugar Content of Muskmelon in Xinjiang

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