不同施氮量对棉花产量、养分吸收分配及利用的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (8): 1422-1428.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.006

不同施氮量对棉花产量、养分吸收分配及利用的影响

哈丽哈什· 依巴提, 张炎, 李青军, 胡伟, 胡国智

新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2017-05-17 发布日期:2020-07-22
通信作者: 张炎(1965-),女,天津人,研究员,研究方向为土壤、作物养分管理与施肥技术,(E-mail)yanzhangxj@163.com
作者简介:哈丽哈什·依巴提(1987-),女,新疆阿勒泰人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为植物营养与施肥,(E-mail)harlhax10@163.com
基金资助:
新疆科技支撑计划项目“棉花氮营养信息采集、诊断与调控技术研究与应用”(201531117);国家重点研发项目(2016YFD0200102);农业部948项目“棉花氮营养时空诊断与调控技术引进应用”(2014-Z59);农业部植物营养与肥料学科群开放基金(APF2015035)

Effects of Different Nitrogen Rates on Cotton Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Distribution and Utilization

Halihashi Yibati, ZHANG Yan, LI Qing-jun, HU Wei, HU Guo-zhi

Research Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2017-05-17 Published:2020-07-22
Correspondence author: Zhang Yan(1965-),female, native place : Tianjin, Professor, Reserach filed : Soil and crop nutrient management and fertilization techniques,(E-mail) yanzhangxj@163.com
Supported by:
Key Technology R&D Program of Xinjiang "Research and application of nitrogen nutrition information collection, diagnosis and regulation technology of cotton"(201531117); National Key R&D Program(2016YFD0200102); Ministry of Agriculture "948" Project "Introduction and Application of Spatio Temporal Diagnosis and Regulation Techniques of Nitrogen Nutrition in Cotton"(2014-Z59); Opening Fund of Plant nutrition and Fertilizer of Ministry of Agriculture(APF2015035)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】在覆膜滴灌栽培条件下,研究不同施氮量对棉花产量、养分吸收分配及利用的影响,为新疆棉花合理施氮提供理论基础。【方法】试验设在新疆玛纳斯县试验站兵湖村五队,选用当地主栽棉花品种中棉297-5为材料,设N 0、90、180、270 kg/hm²4个氮水平,于棉花苗期、蕾期、花期、花铃期及吐絮期采集植株样本,分为茎、叶、蕾+ 花、壳、絮、籽不同器官, 测定氮、磷、钾含量, 计算棉花主要生育期植株养分吸收、分配、氮素利用特性、产量及经济效益。【结果】施氮量0~180 kg /hm² ,棉花产量及经济效益随着施氮量的增加而增加,氮肥用量超过180 kg /hm² 棉花产量下降。结合当年棉花和氮肥的价格,求得棉花最佳经济氮肥用量和最高产量氮肥用量143和159 kg/hm²,对应的产量分别是1 634和1 637 kg/hm²,与最高产量施氮量相比,采用最佳经济施氮量在保证棉花产量基本不降低的条件下(为最高产量的99%~100%) ,可节约氮肥10.1%。施用氮肥可提高棉花各主要生育期氮、磷、钾吸收量,施氮水平在0~180 kg/hm²,棉花氮、磷、钾素吸收量和后期在生殖器官中的分配随着施氮量的增加而增加,而过量的施用氮肥使氮、磷、钾素吸收量和后期在生殖器官中的分配下降。氮肥利用率与棉养分吸收、分配趋势一致,以180 kg/hm² 处理最高。【结论】综合产量、经济效益、养分吸收、分配及利用等,新疆玛纳斯县中等肥力棉田推荐经济施氮量为143 kg/hm²。

关键词: 棉花; 施氮水平; 产量; 养分吸收; 氮肥利用率

Abstract: 【Objective】 Under mulch drip irrigation, the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on cotton yield, nutrient absorption, distribution and utilization were studied in order to provide the theoretical basis for reasonable nitrogen application of cotton in Xinjiang.【Method】The field experiment was carried out by using local major cotton varieties (Zhong mian 297-5) at the experiment station at production brigade 5 of Binghu village, Manasi County of Xinjiang. The experiment included four treatments with four different nitrogen levels ( 0,90,180,270 kg/hm²). Plant samples at seedling stage, bud stage, flowering stage, boll bearing stage and they were divided into different organs such as stem, leaf, flower bud, shell, floc and seeds to measure the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively. Based on these data, the nutrient uptake, distribution, characteristics of nitrogen utilization, yield and economic benefit were calculated.【Result】Data showed that when the amounts of applied N were ranged from 0 kg/hm² to 180 kg/hm², the cotton yield and economic benefit increased with increasing amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, and decreased when the amount of applied N was over N 180 kg/hm². According to the price of cotton and nitrogen fertilizer in the year, the optimum economic nitrogen fertilizer amount and maximum yield nitrogen fertilizer amount 143 kg/hm² and 159 kg/hm² were obtained and the corresponding yields were 1,634 kg/hm² and 1,637 kg/hm². Compared with the highest yield of nitrogen fertilizer, the best economical nitrogen to ensure cotton yield without decreasing conditions (the highest yield 99%-100%), nitrogen fertilizer can be saved by 10.1%. Applying nitrogen fertilizer could increase the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the main growth stages of cotton. Nitrogen levels in the 0-180 kg/hm² range, cotton, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake and later allocation in the reproductive organs increased with increasing nitrogen application rates. The excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer decreased the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the distribution of later organs in reproductive organs. Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is consistent with the cotton nutrient absorption and distribution trend, and , 180 kg/hm² treatment produced the highest result.【Conclusion】Considering the comprehensive yield, economic benefit, nutrient uptake, distribution and utilization, the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer for middle fertility cotton fields in Manasi County of Xinjiang is 143 kg/hm².

Key words: cotton; nitrogen level; yield; nutrient uptake; nitrogen utilization

中图分类号:

S562

哈丽哈什· 依巴提, 张炎, 李青军, 胡伟, 胡国智. 不同施氮量对棉花产量、养分吸收分配及利用的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2017, 54(8): 1422-1428.

Halihashi Yibati, ZHANG Yan, LI Qing-jun, HU Wei, HU Guo-zhi. Effects of Different Nitrogen Rates on Cotton Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Distribution and Utilization[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 54(8): 1422-1428.

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不同施氮量对棉花产量、养分吸收分配及利用的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Rates on Cotton Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Distribution and Utilization

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