An empirical study on the level and efficiency of efficient water-saving irrigation integrated management

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.029

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This project aims to study the application of integrated management in efficient water-saving irrigation, and realize the integrated construction and management of managers, water suppliers and water users of efficient water-saving irrigation by improving relevant management mechanisms and methods so as to provide references for improving the management efficiency and promoting the integrated development of efficient water-saving irrigation.【Methods】Field research was carried out in Xayar County, Xinjiang, where efficient water-saving irrigation was implemented. By introducing the concept of integrated management, the whole operation mechanism of efficient water-saving irrigation was analyzed, a coordination degree model and a stochastic frontier production function model were constructed, and the integrated management level and efficiency of efficient water-saving irrigation were calculated respectively. Based on this, the Tobit model was used and the influence of integrated management level of efficient water-saving irrigation on efficiency was further analyzed.【Results】In Xayar County, the interaction between managers, water suppliers and water users was strong, but the cooperation ability was generally in the basic coordination stage, and there were great differences in management efficiency among individual towns, needing to improve the overall management efficiency. 【Conclusion】The integrated management level of efficient water-saving irrigation had significant positive impact on integrated management level of highly efficient and water-saving irrigation.

Key words: efficient water-saving irrigation; integrated management; level; efficiency; operation mechanism

摘要：

【目的】研究一体化管理在高效节水灌溉中的应用效率,完善相关管理机制及办法,实现高效节水灌溉的管理者、供水者和用水者一体化建设与管理,为提高高效节水灌溉效率和高效节水灌溉一体化发展提供参考。【方法】调研新疆沙雅县实施高效节水灌溉地区,引入一体化管理的概念,剖析高效节水灌溉一体化运行机制,构建协调度模型和随机前沿生产函数模型,测算高效节水灌溉一体化管理水平及效率,利用Tobit模型,分析高效节水灌溉一体化管理水平对效率的影响。【结果】沙雅县管理者、供水者和用水者之间相互作用强,但协作能力一般,总体处于基本协调阶段,并且个别乡镇之间的管理效率存在较大差异,需提高整体的管理效率。【结论】高效节水灌溉一体化管理水平对效率具有显著正向影响。

关键词: 高效节水灌溉, 一体化管理, 水平, 效率, 运行机制

CLC Number:

S273

LIU Xiaomei, GUAN Quanli, QIN Xiangyu, ZHANG Siyuan. An empirical study on the level and efficiency of efficient water-saving irrigation integrated management[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 510-520.

刘晓美, 关全力, 秦相宇, 张思源. 高效节水灌溉一体化管理水平及效率的实证分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 510-520.

Figures/Tables 10

References 33

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一级指标 First-level indicators	二级指标 Secondary indicators	三级指标 Three-level indicators	指标说明 Indicator description
高效节水灌溉一体化管理水平 Integrated management level of efficient water-saving irrigation	管理者	用水总量控制 ( B₁)(m³)	实行用水总量控制制度
		灌溉用水定额 ( B₂)(m³/hm²)	沙雅县用水总量指标分解到乡、村,执行农业用水定额管理
		用水补贴 ( B₃)(10⁴元)	用水补贴主要是指水费补贴,制定完善水费补贴资金管理,定额内实际灌既用水量×0.08元/m³
		末级维护费补助 ( B₄)(10⁴元)	末级维护费包括高效节水工程维护费和末级渠系维护费,制定末级维护费补助管理办法,保证工程的运行维护,定额内实际灌溉用水量×末级维护费0.105元/m³
	供水者	管理人员 ( B₅)(个)	管理人员用各乡镇水管站综合素质较高的管理人员个数表示,具体是指会使用设备、计量设施、数据传输等操作的人员
		灌溉保证率 ( B₆)(%)	灌溉保证率是指灌溉设施对灌区用水的保证程度,是衡量灌溉系统运行效率的重要指标,实际灌溉水量/计划灌溉水量
		滴灌设备稳定运行率 ( B₇)(%)	在高效节水工程系统内,滴灌设备稳定运行率是考察设备性能和工程运行情况的重要指标,稳定运行的滴灌设备/总滴灌设备
		实收水费 ( B₈)(10⁴元)	实行差异化水价和超定额累进加价,按照“多用水多付费”原则,水价制定合理可以促进农业节水利用,反之会阻碍农业节水发展,目前终端水价为0.131元/m³,首部运行维护费0.094元/m³
	用水者	单位面积棉花产量 ( B₉)(kg/hm²)	单位面积棉花产量=棉花总产量/棉花播种面积
		单位面积粮食产量 ( B₁₀)(kg/hm²)	单位面积粮食产量=粮食总产量/粮食播种面积
		种植成本 ( B₁₁)(10⁴元)	农户种植成本主要包括农机作业费、农资费用、节水灌溉成本电费、田间管理人工费等
		农业收入 ( B₁₂)(10⁴元)	农业收入主要是农民通过对农作物和农产品的销售获得的收入

一级指标 First-level indicators	二级指标 Secondary indicators	三级指标 Three-level indicators	指标说明 Indicator description
高效节水灌溉一体化管理水平 Integrated management level of efficient water-saving irrigation	管理者	用水总量控制 ( B₁)(m³)	实行用水总量控制制度
		灌溉用水定额 ( B₂)(m³/hm²)	沙雅县用水总量指标分解到乡、村,执行农业用水定额管理
		用水补贴 ( B₃)(10⁴元)	用水补贴主要是指水费补贴,制定完善水费补贴资金管理,定额内实际灌既用水量×0.08元/m³
		末级维护费补助 ( B₄)(10⁴元)	末级维护费包括高效节水工程维护费和末级渠系维护费,制定末级维护费补助管理办法,保证工程的运行维护,定额内实际灌溉用水量×末级维护费0.105元/m³
	供水者	管理人员 ( B₅)(个)	管理人员用各乡镇水管站综合素质较高的管理人员个数表示,具体是指会使用设备、计量设施、数据传输等操作的人员
		灌溉保证率 ( B₆)(%)	灌溉保证率是指灌溉设施对灌区用水的保证程度,是衡量灌溉系统运行效率的重要指标,实际灌溉水量/计划灌溉水量
		滴灌设备稳定运行率 ( B₇)(%)	在高效节水工程系统内,滴灌设备稳定运行率是考察设备性能和工程运行情况的重要指标,稳定运行的滴灌设备/总滴灌设备
		实收水费 ( B₈)(10⁴元)	实行差异化水价和超定额累进加价,按照“多用水多付费”原则,水价制定合理可以促进农业节水利用,反之会阻碍农业节水发展,目前终端水价为0.131元/m³,首部运行维护费0.094元/m³
	用水者	单位面积棉花产量 ( B₉)(kg/hm²)	单位面积棉花产量=棉花总产量/棉花播种面积
		单位面积粮食产量 ( B₁₀)(kg/hm²)	单位面积粮食产量=粮食总产量/粮食播种面积
		种植成本 ( B₁₁)(10⁴元)	农户种植成本主要包括农机作业费、农资费用、节水灌溉成本电费、田间管理人工费等
		农业收入 ( B₁₂)(10⁴元)	农业收入主要是农民通过对农作物和农产品的销售获得的收入

协调度 Coordination degree	协调等级 Coordination level
[0,0.2)	极度失调
[0.2,0.4)	轻度失调
[0.4,0.6)	濒临失调
[0.6,0.8)	基本协调
[0.8,1.0]	优质协调

协调度 Coordination degree	协调等级 Coordination level
[0,0.2)	极度失调
[0.2,0.4)	轻度失调
[0.4,0.6)	濒临失调
[0.6,0.8)	基本协调
[0.8,1.0]	优质协调

指标 Indicators	均值 Mean value	最大值 Maximum value	最小值 Minimum value	标准差 Standard deviation
B₁	79 916 270.017	115 491 125.532	40 750 459.014	24 525 516.786
B₂	6 750.000	7 065.000	6 480.000	173.267
B₃	552.906	773.100	310.940	150.716
B₄	725.687	1 014.690	408.110	197.813
B₅	11.857	18.000	7.000	3.044
B₆	109.971	122.191	97.846	7.116
B₇	94.674	98.670	89.530	2.930
B₈	869.544	1 225.240	486.830	237.505
B₉	2 035.350	2 076.450	1 973.700	34.787
B₁₀	6 622.082	6 638.550	6 593.925	14.300
B₁₁	23 279.639	36 661.770	13 043.670	7 053.084
B₁₂	37 280.529	56 705.000	18 634.500	12 920.654