The mechanism of soil salt leaching under spring irrigation with drip water under saline alkali plastic film

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.07.017

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (7): 1720-1730.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.07.017

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The mechanism of soil salt leaching under spring irrigation with drip water under saline alkali plastic film

CHEN Jing¹^,²(), PU Shenghai², WANG Zeyu², LIU Xiaoli², XU Juanjuan¹^,², GOU Yanru², XU Yongmei², LI Ning¹, MA Xingwang¹^,²()

1. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Agroenvironment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/.Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Korla, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2024-12-05 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-09-05
Correspondence author: MA Xingwang
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program Project(2021YFD1900803);"Tianshan Talent" Training Program(2022TSYCLJ0050);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Stability Support Project(xjnkywdzc-2023005-6)

盐碱地膜下滴水春灌下土壤盐分淋洗机制

陈静¹^,²(), 蒲胜海², 王则玉², 刘小利², 徐娟娟¹^,², 苟燕如², 许咏梅², 李宁¹, 马兴旺¹^,²()

1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室/库尔勒农业面源污染新疆野外科学观测研究站, 乌鲁木齐 830091

通讯作者: 马兴旺
作者简介:陈静(1997-),女,河南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业资源利用,(E-mail)2931316091@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900803);“天山英才”培养计划(2022TSYCLJ0050);农业科技创新稳定支持项目(xjnkywdzc-2023005-6)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The large quota border irrigation winter and spring irrigation with salt and alkali pressure model is difficult to support the sustainable development of soil and water resources in the northwest oasis. In veiw of this, this research aims to explore a drip spring irrigation method with efficient water use as the goal which might help reduce the quota of saline alkali land leaching. 【Methods】 By conducting field experiments, the distribution of soil salinity and base ions in the 0-100 cm soil layer was compared under different rinsing quotas (W₁: 750 m³/hm², W₂: 1,125 m³/hm², W₃: 1,500 m³/hm², W₄: 1,875 m³/hm², W₅: 2,250m³/hm²) under drip spring irrigation, with 2,250 m³/hm² as the control. 【Results】 The results showed that the salt content in the soil profile showed a narrow row<wide row<between films, and with the increase of leaching quota, the salt content in the same soil layer depth showed a decreasing trend. Under the drip spring irrigation method, the desalination rate inside the membrane was higher, while the desalination rate between membranes was lower; Compared with border irrigation, the desalination rate showed as follows: within film>border irrigation>between films; The overall performance was that the desalination rate of drip irrigation was higher than that of border irrigation. Under the irrigation quota of 2,250 m³/hm², the desalination rate of drip irrigation was 61.77% higher than that of border irrigation. After spring irrigation with drip water, the content of ${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$, Ca²⁺, Cl^-, and Na⁺decreased. 【Conclusion】 In areas with stable water supply and complete drip irrigation systems for groundwater or surface irrigation, using drip spring irrigation instead of traditional border irrigation can not only reduce spring irrigation quotas by 20%, but also significantly improve desalination rates to 67.9%, creating a more suitable salt environment for crop growth.

Key words: saline alkali land; drip water for spring irrigation; irrigation quota; salt leaching

摘要：

【目的】大定额畦灌冬春灌洗盐压碱模式难以支撑西北绿洲水资源短缺的可持续发展,探索以高效用水为目标的滴水春灌方式,将有助于减少盐碱地淋洗定额。【方法】设置田间小区试验,比较滴水春灌下不同淋洗定额(W₁:750 m³/hm²,W₂:1 125 m³/hm²,W₃:1 500 m³/hm²,W₄:1 875 m³/hm²,W₅:2 250 m³/hm²)下0~100 cm土层土壤盐分及盐基离子的分布情况,并以畦灌2 250 m³/hm²为对照。【结果】土壤剖面盐分含量表现为窄行<宽行<膜间,且随着淋洗定额的增加,相同土层深度含盐量呈降低趋势。在滴水春灌方式下膜内脱盐率较高,膜间脱盐率较低;与畦灌相比,脱盐率表现为膜内>畦灌>膜间;整体表现为滴灌脱盐率高于畦灌,在2 250 m³/hm²灌溉定额下,滴灌比畦灌的脱盐率高61.77%。经过滴水春灌淋洗后,SO^2- ₄、Ca²⁺、Cl^-和Na⁺的含量有所降低。【结论】在拥有稳定水源供应且滴灌系统完备的地下水灌溉或地表灌溉区域内,采用滴水春灌方式替代传统的畦灌方式,不仅可以将春灌定额降低20%,更能显著提升脱盐率至67.9%,为作物生长营造较适宜的盐分环境。

关键词: 盐碱地, 滴水春灌, 灌溉定额, 盐分淋洗

CLC Number:

CHEN Jing, PU Shenghai, WANG Zeyu, LIU Xiaoli, XU Juanjuan, GOU Yanru, XU Yongmei, LI Ning, MA Xingwang. The mechanism of soil salt leaching under spring irrigation with drip water under saline alkali plastic film[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(7): 1720-1730.

陈静, 蒲胜海, 王则玉, 刘小利, 徐娟娟, 苟燕如, 许咏梅, 李宁, 马兴旺. 盐碱地膜下滴水春灌下土壤盐分淋洗机制[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(7): 1720-1730.

Figures/Tables 11

References 26

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土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	总盐 Total salt (g/kg)	${\mathrm{CO}}_{3}^{2-}$ (g/kg)	${\mathrm{HCO}}_{3}^{-}$ (g/kg)	Cl^- (g/kg)	${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$ (g/kg)	Ca²⁺ (g/kg)	Mg²⁺ (g/kg)	K⁺ (g/kg)	Na⁺ (g/kg)
0~20	10.404	-	0.207	2.041	4.416	1.808	0.522	1.224	0.188
20~40	12.044	-	0.232	1.331	6.720	2.416	0.249	0.954	0.145
40~60	11.612	-	0.195	0.817	6.970	2.672	0.312	0.540	0.105
60~80	11.899	-	0.183	0.568	7.507	2.992	0.166	0.381	0.100
80~100	11.000	-	0.195	0.533	6.816	2.560	0.361	0.429	0.093

土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	总盐 Total salt (g/kg)	${\mathrm{CO}}_{3}^{2-}$ (g/kg)	${\mathrm{HCO}}_{3}^{-}$ (g/kg)	Cl^- (g/kg)	${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$ (g/kg)	Ca²⁺ (g/kg)	Mg²⁺ (g/kg)	K⁺ (g/kg)	Na⁺ (g/kg)
0~20	10.404	-	0.207	2.041	4.416	1.808	0.522	1.224	0.188
20~40	12.044	-	0.232	1.331	6.720	2.416	0.249	0.954	0.145
40~60	11.612	-	0.195	0.817	6.970	2.672	0.312	0.540	0.105
60~80	11.899	-	0.183	0.568	7.507	2.992	0.166	0.381	0.100
80~100	11.000	-	0.195	0.533	6.816	2.560	0.361	0.429	0.093

土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	取样位置 Sampling location	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₄	W₅	CK
0~20	Z	17.05	22.82	59.92	60.01	78.37	24.55
	K	16.86	19.36	43.29	58.09	63.86	24.55
	J	12.09	14.09	19.45	29.64	60.88	14.55
20~40	Z	1.86	4.81	49.93	50.18	52.42	4.26
	K	-0.22	3.68	19.13	45.78	46.94	4.26
	J	-6.14	0.66	3.46	29.09	34.82	-3.74
40~60	Z	-14.71	-14.54	-6.70	12.25	37.39	-11.8
	K	-16.78	-14.88	-11.95	1.05	28.44	-11.8
	J	-24.63	-21.06	-11.77	6.64	16.09	-17.8
60~80	Z	-29.67	-29.01	-5.81	-1.27	35.71	-28.4
	K	-29.86	-29.60	-11.94	-3.71	27.31	-28.4
	J	-29.94	-29.10	-16.43	-15.98	4.95	-32
80~100	Z	-35.63	-35.90	-18.18	-10.45	30.37	-28.63
	K	-36.18	-36.18	-29.18	-26.27	9	-28.63
	J	-46.87	-45.33	-20.31	-21.77	-5.67	-30.63
0~100	Z	-10.48	-9.03	15.41	21.79	46.35	-7.88
	K	-11.94	-10.01	1.38	14.66	34.83	-7.88
	J	-18.21	-14.78	-5.88	5.07	21.47	-13.92

土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	取样位置 Sampling location	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₄	W₅	CK
0~20	Z	17.05	22.82	59.92	60.01	78.37	24.55
	K	16.86	19.36	43.29	58.09	63.86	24.55
	J	12.09	14.09	19.45	29.64	60.88	14.55
20~40	Z	1.86	4.81	49.93	50.18	52.42	4.26
	K	-0.22	3.68	19.13	45.78	46.94	4.26
	J	-6.14	0.66	3.46	29.09	34.82	-3.74
40~60	Z	-14.71	-14.54	-6.70	12.25	37.39	-11.8
	K	-16.78	-14.88	-11.95	1.05	28.44	-11.8
	J	-24.63	-21.06	-11.77	6.64	16.09	-17.8
60~80	Z	-29.67	-29.01	-5.81	-1.27	35.71	-28.4
	K	-29.86	-29.60	-11.94	-3.71	27.31	-28.4
	J	-29.94	-29.10	-16.43	-15.98	4.95	-32
80~100	Z	-35.63	-35.90	-18.18	-10.45	30.37	-28.63
	K	-36.18	-36.18	-29.18	-26.27	9	-28.63
	J	-46.87	-45.33	-20.31	-21.77	-5.67	-30.63
0~100	Z	-10.48	-9.03	15.41	21.79	46.35	-7.88
	K	-11.94	-10.01	1.38	14.66	34.83	-7.88
	J	-18.21	-14.78	-5.88	5.07	21.47	-13.92

The mechanism of soil salt leaching under spring irrigation with drip water under saline alkali plastic film

盐碱地膜下滴水春灌下土壤盐分淋洗机制

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Figures/Tables 11

References 26

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淋洗方式 Rinse methods	灌水处理 Irrigation treatment	灌水量 Irrigation amount W (m³/667m²)	灌水量合计 Total amount of irrigation (m³/hm²)
春滴灌 Spring dirp irrigation	W₁	50	750
	W₂	75	1 125
	W₃	100	1 500
	W₄	125	1 875
	W₅	150	2 250
常规畦灌 Conventional border irrigation	CK	150	2 250

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[2]	FU Xinfa, LYU Tingbo, WANG Jiulong, LI Gangqiang, SONG Renyou, LIU Yifan. Effect of spring irrigation quota on water temperature and salt distribution in cotton fields and seedling growth of cotton [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(6): 1336-1344.
[3]	WANG Xiaoyan, BAI Yungang, CHAI Zhongping, ZHENG Ming, DING Yu, LIU Hongbo, XIAO Jun, HAN Zhengyu. Study on the effect of dry seeding and wet emergence on the distribution of water and salt in cotton field and the emergence rate of cotton under the control of drip irrigation in winter [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(4): 823-834.
[4]	Maihemuti Baiheti, DING Feng, LI Yan, DANG Loongxin. Comprehensive evaluation of alfalfa water quota in shallow buried drip irrigation based on entropy weight-TOPSIS [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(10): 2537-2546.
[5]	WANG Xin, LIN Tao, CUI Jianping, WU Fengquan, TANG Zhixuan, CUI Laiyuan, GUO Rensong, WANG Liang, ZHENG Zipiao. Effects of planting mode and irrigation quota on yield and fiber quality of machine-picked long-staple cotton [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(8): 1821-1829.
[6]	CHENG Shaoyu, LIN Tao, WU Fengquan, HOU Peike, ZHANG Liying, TANG Qiuxiang. Effects of Density and Irrigation Quota under Drip Irrigation on Nitrate Distribution and Nitrogen Utilization in Cotton Field with Constant Row Spacing of 76 cm [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(3): 521-531.
[7]	ZUO Xiaoxiao, YAN An, NING Songrui, YANG Li, SUN Meng, LU Qiancheng. Study on the effect of Bio-Organic fertilizer on promoting growth and increasing yield in saline alkali wheat field [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(10): 2532-2540.
[8]	DING Yu, ZHANG Jianghui, BAI Yungang, ZHAO Jinghua, ZHENG Ming, LIU Hongbo, XIAO Jun, HAN Zhengyu. Study on the effects of different water treatments on the emergence rate of cotton [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(10): 2380-2389.
[9]	CHEN Lijun, LIN Tao, WU Fengquan, SHAO Yajie, XU Yanjun, TANG Qiuxiang. Effects of Planting Density and Irrigation Quota on Growth and Development and Yield Formation of 76 cm Equal Row Spacing Machine-Picked Cotton [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(12): 2899-2908.
[10]	WANG Liang, Wumaierjiang Kuerban, GUO Rensong, LIN Tao, XU Haijiang, ZHENG Zipiao, CUI Jianping, TIAN Liwen. Effects of Irrigation Quota on Water use Efficiency and Yield of Cotton Field under Subsoiling Tillage [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(10): 2374-2383.
[11]	DING Feng, PU Shenghai, LÜ Yuping, MA Xiaopeng, SHEN Xiaoming, MO Yan. Effects of Different Irrigation Quotas on Water Consumption Characteristics and Water Production Efficiency of Rice under Film Drip Irrigation [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(9): 1577-1584.
[12]	HUANG Guang-wei, ZHAI Yun-long, WU Quan-zhong, LI Ling, LIU Tai-jie, GUO Zi-xuan, MENG Yan-qi, CHEN Guo-dong. Effects of Magnetization Times and Magnetized Irrigation on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cotton [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(12): 2208-2218.
[13]	ZHANG Rui-xi;CHU Gui-xin;WANG Wei-bing;YE Jun. Effects of Magnetized Water on Salt Leaching under Drip Irrigation Condition [J]. , 2013, 50(9): 1656-1661.