Abstract:

【Objective】 Strengthening the collection, conservation, innovation and utilization of crop germplasm resources in Xinjiang can provide excellent germplasm resources for breeding varieties with high yield, good quality and strong stress resistance, which is of great significance to improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products. 【Methods】 This study, by reviewing literature, participating in projects such as the "Third National Census and Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region" and "Systematic Survey and Rescue Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources in Xinjiang", conducted in-depth household visits to germplasm resource banks, scientific research institutions, agricultural enterprises and farmers' homes in various parts of Xinjiang, and conducted on-the-spot investigations on the current situation of resource collection, conservation, innovation and utilization. 【Results】 The National Medium-term Gene Bank for Characteristic Crop Germplasm Resources in Central Asia has preserved nearly 40,000 germplasm resources from more than 20 countries and regions, covering 57 kinds of crops.In the third national census in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has systematically and comprehensively completed the tasks of census and collection of germplasm resources in 89 counties (cities, districts) and systematic survey and rescue collection in 27 counties and cities.A total of 5,579 new germplasm resources of food crops, vegetables, fruits, cash crops, forages and other crops have been collected.Nearly 30 rare, characteristic and innovative local varieties or characteristic resources with development and utilization value have been selected, such as Qiemo fragrant garlic, rubber grass, Maigaiti earth melon and 60-day corn.Among them, "Qiemo fragrant garlic" was rated as one of the top ten excellent crop germplasm resources in China in 2022.【Conclusion】

Key words: crops; germplasm resources; collection and preservation; identification and evaluation

摘要：

【目的】 分析新疆农作物种质资源的收集保护与创新利用现状,为培育高产、优质、抗逆性强的品种提供优异种质资源。【方法】 查阅文献资料、参与新疆维吾尔自治区第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”(简称新疆“三普”)及“新疆农作物种质资源系统调查和抢救性收集”项目等,深入新疆各地种质资源库、科研机构、农业企业以及农户入户走访,实地考察资源收集保护与创新利用现状。【结果】 国家中亚特色作物种质资源中期库保存了来自 20 多个国家和地区的近5×10⁴份种质资源,涵盖 57 种作物;在新疆“三普”行动中,新疆系统全面完成了89个县(市、区)种质资普查与征集和27个县市的系统调查与抢救性收集任务,累计新征收集粮食、蔬菜、果树、经济作物和牧草等作物种质资源5 579份,筛选出了且末香蒜、橡胶草、麦盖提土瓜、六十黄玉米等近30份珍稀、特色、具有创新开发利用价值的地方品种或特色资源,其中且末香蒜被评为2022年度全国十大优异农作物种质资源。【结论】 目前已查明的农作物种质资源涵盖粮食作物、经济作物、蔬菜作物、果树作物、牧草绿肥作物等多个类别,隶属于众多科属种。目前,新疆已建成各类种质资源保存库、资源圃、自然保护区等资源保护体系。在新疆丰富的农作物种质资源中,存在许多珍稀、特色资源,具有极高的价值。

关键词: 作物, 种质资源, 收集保存, 鉴定评价