Effects of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil organic carbon storage and microbial community characteristics

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.024

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the effects of reclamation and long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and microbial community characteristics (microbial abundance and community structure) in desert soils. 【Methods】Taking the long-term positioning experiment of Fukang Desert Ecological Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences as the platform, 11 management modes were selected: no fertilization (CK [a]), single application of chemical fertilizer (PK [b], NK [c], NP [d], NPK [e], N₂P₂ [f], N₂P₂K [g]), chemical fertilizer with straw (NPKR [h], NPKR₂ [i], N₂P₂R₃ [j]) and chemical fertilizer with manure (NPKM [k]). They were compared with the adjacent native desert soil by collecting 0-20 cm soil layer samples, and then the characteristics of soil organic carbon storage and microbial community in the process of desert reclamation and the relationship between them were analyzed. 【Results】When reclaimed and long-term fertilized soils to adjacent desert soils were compared, reclamation and fertilization significantly increased soil organic carbon storage. In addition, the abundance of soil bacteria, fungi, archaea, and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms was substantially increased, with the following order of enhancement: fungi > bacteria > archaea. Specifically, treatments g, j, and k showed higher increases in both soil organic carbon storage and microbial abundance. 【Conclusion】Desert reclamation and fertilization, through reducing soil pH and salinity, increasing the input of exogenous organic matter and nutrients, have increased the storage of soil organic carbon and the abundance of microorganisms, and changed the structure of the microbial community. The positive effect of vegetation on the formation of soil organic carbon sinks in arid areas, and the importance of chemical fertilizers (especially N and P) combined with organic fertilizers for soil organic carbon storage and microbial abundance in arid regions.

Key words: desert; oasis; organic carbon storage; soil microorganisms

摘要：

【目的】研究开垦与长期不同施肥对荒漠土壤有机碳(SOC)储量与微生物群落特征(微生物丰度和群落结构)的影响。【方法】以中国科学院阜康荒漠生态站长期定位试验为平台,选择11种管理模式:不施肥(CK [a])、单施化肥(PK [b]、NK [c]、NP [d]、NPK [e]、N₂P₂ [f]、N₂P₂K [g]),化肥配施秸秆(NPKR [h],NPKR₂ [i],N₂P₂R₃ [j])和化肥配施厩肥(NPKM [k]),采集其0~20 cm土层样品,与同一毗邻原生荒漠土壤进行比较,分析荒漠开垦过程中土壤有机碳储量和微生物群落特征及两者的联系。【结果】与毗邻荒漠相比,开垦与长期施肥显著增加了土壤有机碳储量;同时,土壤细菌、真菌、古菌及固氮菌的丰度显著增加,真菌>细菌>古菌;其中,处理g、处理j与处理k中土壤有机碳储量及微生物丰度均具有较高增幅。【结论】荒漠开垦与施肥通过降低土壤pH值与盐分,增加外源有机质与养分输入,提高了土壤有机碳储量和微生物丰度,改变了微生物群落结构。植被对干旱区土壤有机碳汇的形成有正向促进作用,化肥(尤其是N、P)配施有机肥增加了干旱区土壤有机碳储量和微生物群落丰度。

关键词: 荒漠, 绿洲, 有机碳储量, 土壤微生物

CLC Number:

S788

FU Pengyu, LIANG Meng, LI Chenhua. Effects of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil organic carbon storage and microbial community characteristics[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 739-747.

傅鹏宇, 梁萌, 李晨华. 荒漠开垦与施肥对土壤有机碳储量与微生物群落特征的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 739-747.

Figures/Tables 8

Tab.1 Fluorescent real-time quantitative PCR amplification primers

名称 Name	引物全称 Primer name	片段长度 Length of amplicons	引物序列 Primer sequences
细菌 Bacteria	16S V3-V4 (338-806)	469bp	上游:ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG 下游:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT
古菌 Archaea	古菌16S V3-V4	572bp	上游:ACGGGGYGCAGCAGGCGCGA 下游:GGACTACVSGGGTATCTAAT
真菌 Fungi	ITS1	98bp	上游:CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA 下游:TGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC
固氮菌 Azotobacter	nifH	400bp	上游:AAAGGYGGWATCGGYAARTCCACCAC 下游:TTGTTSGCSGCRTACATSGCCATCAT
氨氧化细菌 AOB	AOB amoA	490bp	上游:GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT 下游:CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC
氨氧化古菌 AOA	AOA amoA	635bp	上游:STAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG 下游:GCGGCCATCCATCTGTATGT

Fig.1 Changes of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil physical and chemical properties and organic carbon storage Notes: D, native desert soil; EC, electrical conductivity; TN, soil total nitrogen; TP, soil total phosphorus; SOC, soil organic carbon storage

Fig.2 Changes of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil bacterial (a), archaea (b) and fungal (c) abundance Notes: D, native desert soil; B, desert bare land; G, soil under herbaceous cover; S, soil under shrub cover,the same as below

Fig.3 Changes of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil azotobacter (a), AOB(b) and AOA(c) abundance

Tab.2 Soil microbial community structure of bare soil and the soil under different canopies

	真菌/细菌 Fungi/Bacteria	真菌/古菌 Fungi/Archaea	细菌/古菌 Bacteria /Archaea
B	7.51×10^-5±0.27×1 ${0^{- 5c}}^{}$	1.27×10^-4±0.060×1 ${0^{- 4b}}^{}$	1.70±0.17^a
G	4.74×10^-5±0.27×1 ${0^{- 5b}}^{}$	1.15×10^-4±0.005×1 ${0^{- 4a}}^{}$	2.42±0.15^b
S	4.01×10^-5±0.02×1 ${0^{- 5a}}^{}$	1.16×10^-4±0.004×1 ${0^{- 4a}}^{}$	2.90±0.01^c

Tab.2 Soil microbial community structure of bare soil and the soil under different canopies

	真菌/细菌 Fungi/Bacteria	真菌/古菌 Fungi/Archaea	细菌/古菌 Bacteria /Archaea
B	7.51×10^-5±0.27×1 ${0^{- 5c}}^{}$	1.27×10^-4±0.060×1 ${0^{- 4b}}^{}$	1.70±0.17^a
G	4.74×10^-5±0.27×1 ${0^{- 5b}}^{}$	1.15×10^-4±0.005×1 ${0^{- 4a}}^{}$	2.42±0.15^b
S	4.01×10^-5±0.02×1 ${0^{- 5a}}^{}$	1.16×10^-4±0.004×1 ${0^{- 4a}}^{}$	2.90±0.01^c

Fig.4 Changes of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil microbial community structure Notes: D, native desert soil; A, fertilization method lacking N or P (NK, PK); C: single application of chemical fertilizer (except NK and PK); E: chemical fertilizer combined with straw

Fig.5 Changes of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil AOA/AOB ratio Notes: D, native desert soil; B, desert bare land; G, soil under herbaceous cover; S, soil under shrub cover

Tab.3 Correlations analysis between desert soil organic carbon storage and microbial abundance

	nifH	AOA amoA	AOB amoA	细菌16S	ITS1	古菌16S
相关系数	0.597 9	-0.010 9	0.365 0	0.531 1	0.513 4	0.621 9
P	0.018 6^*	0.969 2	0.181 0	0.041 7^*	0.050 3	0.013 3^*

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