Study on the Variation of Greenhouse Temperature and Fruit Quality Difference of Summer Black Grape with Two-Harvests-a-Year in Southern Xinjiang

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.08.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the temperature variation of Summer black Grape during the first and second ripening periods in Solar Greenhouse in southern Xinjiang,and analyze the difference of fruit yield and quality between the two crops. 【Results】 The results showed that the indoor temperature of ‘Summer black’Grape during the whole growth period was higher than that of the first ripening,and the daily mean temperature of the second ripening was above 10 ℃. The daily variation trend of indoor temperature of the first ripening was similar to that of the second ripening,and the temperature of the first ripening was larger than that of the first ripening before the rapid fruit expansion period,while that of the second ripening was higher than that of the second ripening The diurnal variation range of temperature in the greenhouse was larger after the expansion stage,and the difference of temperature difference between day and night was the most obvious during the flowering stage and fruit color changing stage. In the flowering stage,the average temperature difference between day and night of the first ripening was 58.1% higher than that of the second ripening. During the fruit color changing period,the average temperature difference between day and night of the second harvest was 46.3% higher than that of the first harvest; The single grain weight,single ear weight and yield per mu of the first ripening fruit were higher than those of the second ripening,but the commercial fruit rate was 5% lower than that of the second ripening. 【Conclusion】 Through the analysis and comparison of the indoor temperature of the first and second ripening,there are great differences in the daily average temperature change and the diurnal temperature difference in greenhouse,but the daily temperature change of the indoor temperature in each growth period presents a “single peak” trend. Combined with the temperature demand of grape growth and development,the suitability of greenhouse temperature for fruit growth and quality formation in the second ripening was better than that in the first ripening,and the commercial fruit rate was high. But affected by other factors such as tree nutrition,light and so on,the yield of the first ripe fruit is better.

Key words: solar greenhouse; two harvests a year; summer black grape; temperature; yield and quality

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆南疆日光温室内夏黑葡萄第一熟和第二熟两个时期温度变化规律,分析两茬果的果实产量和品质差异性。【结果】夏黑葡萄整个生育期内,第二熟温室内温度整体上要高于第一熟,而且第二熟整个生育期内温度日均值在10℃以上;第一熟与第二熟温室内温度日变化趋势基本相似,第一熟在果实快速膨大期之前温室内温度日变化幅度大,而第二熟在果实快速膨大期之后温室内温度日变化幅度较大;昼夜温差值在开花期和果实转色期差值最明显,在开花期,第一熟温室内昼夜温差均值比第二熟昼夜温差均值高58.1%。在果实转色期,第二熟温室内昼夜温差均值相较于第一熟昼夜温差均值高46.3%;第一熟果实单粒重、单穗重、单产均高于第二熟,但商品果率较第二熟低5个百分点。【结论】温室内日均温变化和昼夜温差变化存在较大差异,但各生育期温室内温度日变化均呈‘单峰’变化趋势。第二熟时温室内温度对果实生长和品质形成的适宜性要好于第一熟,商品果率高。但受树体营养、光照等其它因素的影响,第一熟果在产量上较好。

关键词: 日光温室, 一年两熟, 夏黑葡萄, 温度, 产量与品质

CLC Number:

S663.1

ZHANG Jinqiang, SU Xuede, LI Pengcheng, YANG Xiang, LI Ming, GUO Shaojie. Study on the Variation of Greenhouse Temperature and Fruit Quality Difference of Summer Black Grape with Two-Harvests-a-Year in Southern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(8): 1889-1895.

张锦强, 苏学德, 李鹏程, 杨湘, 李铭, 郭绍杰. 一年两熟夏黑葡萄日光温室温度变化与果实品质差异性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(8): 1889-1895.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1 growth period of the first and second harvest of Summer black grape

	生育期 Growth stages	时间 Time
第一熟 Firstharvest	萌芽期	12.06-1.20
	花前期	1.21-2.20
	开花期	2.21-2.29
	幼果膨大期	3.01-3.25
	快速膨大期	3.26-4.10
	着色期	4.11-4.25
	成熟期	4.26-5.15
第二熟 Second harvest	萌芽期	7.11-7.18
	花前期	7.19-8.10
	开花期	8.11-8.20
	幼果膨大期	8.21-9.05
	快速膨大期	9.06-9.20
	着色期	9.21-10.05
	成熟期	10.06-10.26

Fig. 1 Daily average temperature change in the greenhouse during the whole growth period of the first harvest

Fig. 2 Daily average temperature change in the greenhouse during the whole growth stages of the second harvest

Fig. 3 Daily changesin greenhouse during different growth stages between the first harvest and the second harvest Notes： GP： Growth period of new shoots FS： florescence stage, EP：expansion period of young fruit,RP：Rapid expansion period,VP：veraison period,MP：maturation period.The same as below

Fig. 4 Average temperature difference between day and night in temperature chamber of the first harvest and the second harvest

Table 2 Yield and quality of the first and second harvest fruits

品种 Varieties	可溶性固形物 Soluble Acid （%）	单粒重 Single grain weight （g）	单穗重 Single ear weight （kg）	产量 Yield （kg/667m²）	商品果率 Commodity fruit rate （%）
夏黑第一熟Summer black First harvest	18.4	8.14	0.72	1 641.6	85
夏黑第二熟 Summer black secongt harvest	19.1	7.01	0.62	1 413.6	90

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