Abstract:

【Objective】 To broaden the genetic basis of Xinjiang cotton germplasm resources and enrich its diversity. 【Method】 The phenotypic characteristics of genetic diversity of 92 upland cotton germplasm resources from Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan were analyzed and evaluated synthetically through field character observation and indoor seed-baking. 【Result】 The results showed that 92 upland cotton germplasms had different degrees of genetic diversity in qualitative and quantitative traits.The genetic diversity of qualitative traits was different in plant, main stem, leaf, flower, boll and other parts.The coefficient of variation and diversity index in 13 traits of the 25 qualitative traits were 0, the average coefficient of variation of the remaining 12 qualitative traits was 18.28%, and the average genetic diversity index was 0.45; the coefficient of variation of 6 quantitative traits was 2.94%-10.44%, its average was 6.80%, the diversity index was 2.58-4.52, the average was 3.86.Using phenotypic identification data for cluster analysis, all materials were divided into 6 groups at a genetic distance of 2.5.The traits of each group had obvious differences.Further correlation analysis and principal component analysis to quantitative traits showed that more complex correlations between each trait reflected the difficulty of simultaneously improving key traits of cotton.Principal component analysis simplified the 6 traits into 4 principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 85.79%.Each principal component reflecting the growth period, plant height and other biological characteristics was related to yield, boll weight and lint and other the economic traits.The synergistic cooperation of each trait was beneficial to the simultaneous improvement of each trait. 【Conclusion】 92 upland cotton germplasms resources have rich genetic diversity in qualitative and quantitative traits, which indicate that the diversity index of quantitative traits is greater than that of qualitative traits.The clustering results are not necessarily related to the source and place of origin of the materials.

Key words: upland cotton; germplasm resources; phenotypic characters; genetic diversity; cluster analysis

摘要：

【目的】 研究我国新疆棉花种质资源遗传基础,丰富棉花种质资源多样性。【方法】 采用田间性状观测、室内考种方法,分析及综合评价来源于塔吉克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦的92份陆地棉种质资源进行表型性状的遗传多样性。【结果】 92份陆地棉种质在质量性状和数量性状上均表现出不同程度的遗传多样性,质量性状遗传多样性在植株、主茎、叶、花、铃等不同部位表现不同。25个质量性状中有13 个性状的变异系数和多样性指数均为 0,其余12个质量性状的平均变异系数为18.28%,平均遗传多样性指数为0.45;6个数量性状的变异系数为2.94%~10.44%,平均为6.80%,多样性指数为2.58~4.52,平均为3.86。在遗传距离为2.5处,所有材料被分成6个类群,各类群性状特征差异明显。各性状间表现出较为复杂的相关关系,反映了同步改良棉花关键性状指标的难度;主成分分析将 6个性状简化为4个主成分,累计贡献率达85.79%,各主成分反映生育期、株高等生物学特征与单铃重、衣分等产量相关的经济性状之间的相互关系,各性状协同配合有利于各性状的同步提高。【结论】 92份陆地棉种质遗传多样性丰富,数量性状的多样性指数大于质量性状,材料的聚类结果与其来源地和原产地没有必然的联系。

关键词: 陆地棉, 种质资源, 表型性状, 遗传多样性, 聚类分析