Effects of soil potassium level on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of early cotton

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.12.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of the study was to study the effects of different potassium levels on growth and photosynthesis of early cotton from a field experiment, and to provide theoretical support for potassium management in cotton fields. 【Methods】 Six soil available potassium concentrations were set in a randomized block design, including k₁ (99.77 mg/kg), k₂ (110.90 mg/kg), k₃ (123.48 mg/kg), k₄ (140.13 mg/kg), k₅ (154.43 mg/kg) and k₆ (165.77 mg/kg). The dry matter weight and total potassium content of 10 cotton plants were determined at cotyledon stage, and the dry matter weight, leaf area, leaf net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, SPAD value and total potassium content of 10 and 5 cotton plants were determined at seedling and bud stage respectively. 【Results】 At seedling stage, cotton plant height and stem diameter was 5.10 cm~6.37 cm and 2.43 mm~3.01 mm respectively, and both increased with the increase of soil available K level. Daily growth amount of plant height and stem diameter was about 0.63 cm/d and 0.12 mm/d from the seedling stage to the bud stage, but there were no significant differences among different soil available potassium levels. The dry matter weight, branch number, budding number, leaf area and daily growth of leaf area of cotton under k₆ treatment were significantly higher than k₁. At seedling stage and bud stage, there were no significant differences in net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll SPAD value of functional leaves of cotton under different soil available K levels, but the total potassium content of cotton plants and the potassium content of main stems leaves of cotton under different soil potassium levels increased significantly with the increase of soil available potassium levels. 【Conclusion】 In the range of 100mg/kg to 160mg/kg, soil available K level had no significant effect on the photosynthetic characteristics of cotton plant at the early stage, but high K level (> 150 mg/kg) could increase the plant leaf area and the number of fruit branches and ensure the yield structure.

Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L.; potassium; photosynthesis; growth and development

摘要： 目的田间小区下研究不同钾水平对棉花前期生长及光合作用的影响,为棉田钾素管理提供理论支撑。方法采用随机区组试验设计,设置6个土壤速效钾浓度,k₁(99.77 mg/kg)、k₂(110.90 mg/kg)、k₃(123.48 mg/kg)、k₄(140.13 mg/kg)、k₅(154.43 mg/kg)、k₆(165.77 mg/kg)。于棉花子叶期选择10株测定干物重和全钾含量,苗期和蕾期分别选择10株和5株棉花测定干物重、叶面积、叶片净光合速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、SPAD值、全钾含量。结果棉花株高和茎粗在苗期的范围分别为5.10~6.37 cm和2.43~3.01 mm,均随土壤速效钾水平增加而增加,而苗期至蕾期的单日增长量差异不显著,分别在0.63和0.12 mm/d。k₆处理的棉株干物重、果枝数、现蕾数、棉花叶面积及叶面积单日增长量均显著高于k₁。在苗期和蕾期,不同土壤钾水平处理间棉花功能叶净光合速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶绿素SPAD值均无显著差异,但各处理的棉株全钾含量和主茎叶钾含量均随土壤速效钾水平增加而显著增加。结论土壤速效钾水平在100~160 mg/kg时,对棉株前期光合特性无显著影响,但高钾(>150 mg/kg)水平处理能够增加棉株叶面积和果枝数以保障产量结构。

关键词: 陆地棉, 钾, 光合作用, 生长发育

CLC Number:

S562

JIN Yinan, DONG Helin, LI Pengcheng, SUN Miao, SHAO Jingjing, FENG Weina, XU Wenxiu, ZHENG Cangsong. Effects of soil potassium level on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of early cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(12): 2236-2243.

靳一南, 董合林, 李鹏程, 孙淼, 邵晶晶, 冯卫娜, 徐文修, 郑苍松. 土壤钾水平对棉花前期生长及光合特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(12): 2236-2243.

Figures/Tables 9

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钾浓度(处理编号) Potassium concentration (Treatment no.)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	速效磷 Quick-acting phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	水溶性盐 Water-soluble salts (g/kg)	pH值
k₁	0.57±0.02	18.75±6.76	99.77±3.94	11.20±1.33	0.48±0.01	7.52±0.34
k₂	0.58±0.02	23.67±4.99	110.90±6.74	10.72±0.61	0.48±0.02	7.67±0.27
k₃	0.57±0.02	14.25±2.28	123.48±13.35	10.81±0.40	0.51±0.04	7.58±0.23
k₄	0.58±0.02	15.33±2.87	140.13±6.11	10.53±0.24	0.50±0.03	7.70±0.28
k₅	0.57±0.02	17.67±4.92	154.43±19.74	10.28±0.39	0.49±0.02	7.51±0.26
k₆	0.57±0.03	17.67±4.50	165.77±13.04	11.62±1.17	0.51±0.04	7.54±0.23

钾浓度(处理编号) Potassium concentration (Treatment no.)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	速效磷 Quick-acting phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	水溶性盐 Water-soluble salts (g/kg)	pH值
k₁	0.57±0.02	18.75±6.76	99.77±3.94	11.20±1.33	0.48±0.01	7.52±0.34
k₂	0.58±0.02	23.67±4.99	110.90±6.74	10.72±0.61	0.48±0.02	7.67±0.27
k₃	0.57±0.02	14.25±2.28	123.48±13.35	10.81±0.40	0.51±0.04	7.58±0.23
k₄	0.58±0.02	15.33±2.87	140.13±6.11	10.53±0.24	0.50±0.03	7.70±0.28
k₅	0.57±0.02	17.67±4.92	154.43±19.74	10.28±0.39	0.49±0.02	7.51±0.26
k₆	0.57±0.03	17.67±4.50	165.77±13.04	11.62±1.17	0.51±0.04	7.54±0.23

处理编号 Treatment no	苗期 Seedling stage (cm)	蕾期 Bud stage (cm)	日增长量 Daily growth (cm/d)
k₁	5.10^b	17.97^a	0.61^a
k₂	5.43^ab	18.83^a	0.64^a
k₃	5.80^ab	18.74^a	0.62^a
k₄	5.73^ab	18.59^a	0.61^a
k₅	6.17^ab	19.05^a	0.61^a
k₆	6.37^a	20.79^a	0.69^a

处理编号 Treatment no	苗期 Seedling stage (cm)	蕾期 Bud stage (cm)	日增长量 Daily growth (cm/d)
k₁	5.10^b	17.97^a	0.61^a
k₂	5.43^ab	18.83^a	0.64^a
k₃	5.80^ab	18.74^a	0.62^a
k₄	5.73^ab	18.59^a	0.61^a
k₅	6.17^ab	19.05^a	0.61^a
k₆	6.37^a	20.79^a	0.69^a

处理编号 Treatment no	苗期 Seedling stage (mm)	蕾期 Bud stage (mm)	日增长量 Daily growth (mm/d)
k₁	2.43^c	4.78^b	0.11^a
k₂	2.58^bc	5.13^ab	0.12^a
k₃	2.74^abc	5.24^ab	0.12^a
k₄	2.73^abc	5.25^ab	0.12^a
k₅	2.91^ab	5.50^ab	0.12^a
k₆	3.01^a	5.89^a	0.14^a