Toxicity of Three Botanical Insecticides to Aphis gossypii and Their Selectivity to Hippodamia variegata

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.013

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study is aimed to evaluate the toxicity of three botanical insecticides (matrine, veratrine and azadirachtin) to Aphis gossypii and Hippodamia variegata with various development stages (eggs, 1 st and 3 rd larvae, adults). Our study provides a helpful insight of optimal using botanical insecticides to improve the green control of A. gossypii in cotton field. 【Method】 A quantitative spraying method with spray tower was deployed to test the toxicity of matrine, veratrine and azadirachtin on A. gossypii and H. variegata. 【Result】 Under the treatments of 2,000 mg/L, matrine had the highest toxicity on A. gossypii (the adjusted mortality rate was 89.3%) which was higher than veratrine (61.7%) and azadirachtin (57.6%). These three botanical insecticides are safe to H. variegate, after 2000 mg/L treatment for 96 h, the adjusted mortality rate of eggs was 16.5%, 20.9% and 20.9%, respectively. In addition, the mortality rate of 1^st larvae was 29.6%, 38.9% and 42.6% for 24 h, whereas 1.7%, 8.3% and 5.0% of 3^rd larvae, and the mortality rate of adults was no more than 20%. All ladybeetle mortality rates were significantly lower than imidacloprid control (100 mg/L). 【Conclusion】 Matrine, veratrine and azadirachtin are safe to H. variegata. Matrine has the higher toxicity on A. gossypii than veratrine and azadirachtin, and can be widely applied to control aphids in Xinjiang cotton fields.

Key words: botanical insecticides; Aphis gossypii; Hippodamia variegata; toxicity; safety

摘要：

【目的】评价苦参碱、藜芦碱、印楝素对棉蚜的毒力和不同虫态多异瓢虫(卵、1龄幼虫、3龄幼虫、成虫)的毒性,为科学使用植物源杀虫剂提供参考依据。【方法】利用喷雾塔进行室内定量喷雾,测定苦参碱、藜芦碱、印楝素处理后棉蚜、多异瓢虫的死亡率。【结果】在2 000 mg/L处理下,苦参碱对棉蚜的毒力最高、校正死亡率为89.3%,高于藜芦碱的61.7%和印楝素的57.6%。这3种植物源杀虫剂对多异瓢虫毒力均较低,2 000 mg/L处理96 h后多异瓢虫卵死亡率分别为16.5%、20.9%和20.9%;处理24 h后,1龄幼虫死亡率分别为29.6%、38.9%和42.6%,3龄幼虫死亡率分别为1.7%、8.3%和5.0%,成虫死亡率均不超过20%。3种植物源杀虫剂处理下的多异瓢虫各虫态死亡率均显著低于100 mg/L吡虫啉。【结论】苦参碱、藜芦碱、印楝素对多异瓢虫安全性较高,其中苦参碱对棉蚜毒力高于其他2种,适合在新疆棉田棉蚜防治中使用。

关键词: 植物源杀虫剂, 棉蚜, 多异瓢虫, 毒力, 安全性

CLC Number:

S562
S435.61

LIU Jiamei, LIU Bing, WANG Peiling, LU Yanhui. Toxicity of Three Botanical Insecticides to Aphis gossypii and Their Selectivity to Hippodamia variegata[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(11): 2069-2076.

刘佳美, 刘冰, 王佩玲, 陆宴辉. 植物源杀虫剂对棉蚜毒力及多异瓢虫的安全性评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(11): 2069-2076.

Figures/Tables 3

References 31

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药剂名称 Insecticide	浓度 Concentration(a.i. mg/L)	24 h	48 h	72 h
	1	8.49 ± 1.16^d	9.82 ± 1.23^d	10.14 ± 1.97^d
	50	9.37 ± 2.03^d	12.71 ± 4.11^d	15.09 ± 2.16^d
	200	10.57 ± 0.12^d	19.09 ± 2.55^d	20.66 ± 1.85^d
	400	17.59 ± 0.69^c	34.62 ± 4.28^c	37.59 ± 5.39^c
苦参碱Matrine	800	27.08 ± 2.59^b	46.71 ± 5.70^b	49.78 ± 4.84^b
	2000	35.44 ± 1.57^a	84.24 ± 2.07^a	89.27 ± 2.88^a
	毒力曲线方程	y =0.351x-1.730	y=1.403x-3.954	y=1.468x-4.034
	相关性系数 R²	0.807	0.804	0.802
	LC₅₀ (mg/L)	84 666.01	657.69	559.06
	LC₉₀ (mg/L)	-	5 388.56	4 172.22
	1	6.47 ± 1.01^b	11.79 ± 1.66^c	19.35 ± 3.43^c
	50	7.50 ± 1.83^b	16.92 ± 2.85^c	22.58 ± 2.27^c
	200	7.54 ± 1.64^b	17.03 ± 1.64^c	26.02 ± 2.49^c
	400	9.49 ± 1.15^b	17.85 ± 1.40^c	27.69 ± 2.12^c
藜芦碱Azadirachtin	800	18.93 ± 3.39^a	43.41 ± 7.12^b	48.74 ± 7.74^b
	2000	19.30 ± 4.23^a	58.42 ± 2.13^a	61.69 ± 2.62^a
	毒力曲线方程	y=0.232x-1.733	y=0.473x-1.696	y=0.350x-1.185
	相关性系数 R²	0.766	0.762	0.779
	LC₅₀ (mg/L)	-	3 844.51	2 447.39
	LC₉₀ (mg/L)	-	-	-
	1	9.37 ± 1.08^b	14.71 ± 3.12^d	14.06 ± 2.77^e
	50	13.41 ± 1.56^ab	19.97 ± 2.13^cd	22.56 ± 3.19^d
	200	16.25 ± 1.73^ab	25.69 ± 2.45^bc	25.25 ± 3.28^cd
	400	15.49 ± 2.78^ab	29.09 ± 1.50^b	30.76 ± 0.60^bc
	800	18.97 ± 3.18^a	34.80 ± 3.34^b	37.80 ± 2.48^b
	2000	20.32 ± 2.25^a	44.19 ± 4.05^a	57.61 ± 2.17^a
印楝素Veratrine	毒力曲线方程	y=0.148x-1.341	y=0.275x-1.195	y=0.371x-1.325
	相关性系数 R²	0.895	0.874	0.935
	LC₅₀ (mg/L)	-	22 352.02	3 700.00
	LC₉₀ (mg/L)	-	-	-
	1	38.45 ± 8.76^c	51.35 ± 9.32^b	61.40 ± 10.97^b
	5	91.64 ± 1.01^b	93.64 ± 3.18^a	94.58 ± 2.89^a
	10	81.13 ± 2.45^ab	93.30 ± 5.33^a	100.00 ± 0.00^a
	50	97.78 ± 1.11^a	100.00 ± 0.00^a	100.00 ± 0.00^a
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	100	100.00 ± 0.00^a	100.00 ± 0.00^a	100.00 ± 0.00^a
	毒力曲线方程	y=1.410x-0.186	y=1.736x-0.054	y=2.143x-0.260
	相关性系数 R²	0.915	0.957	1.000
	LC₅₀ (mg/L)	1.36	0.93	0.76
	LC₉₀ (mg/L)	11.00	5.09	3.00

药剂名称 Insecticide	浓度 Concentration(a.i. mg/L)	24 h	48 h	72 h
	1	8.49 ± 1.16^d	9.82 ± 1.23^d	10.14 ± 1.97^d
	50	9.37 ± 2.03^d	12.71 ± 4.11^d	15.09 ± 2.16^d
	200	10.57 ± 0.12^d	19.09 ± 2.55^d	20.66 ± 1.85^d
	400	17.59 ± 0.69^c	34.62 ± 4.28^c	37.59 ± 5.39^c
苦参碱Matrine	800	27.08 ± 2.59^b	46.71 ± 5.70^b	49.78 ± 4.84^b
	2000	35.44 ± 1.57^a	84.24 ± 2.07^a	89.27 ± 2.88^a
	毒力曲线方程	y =0.351x-1.730	y=1.403x-3.954	y=1.468x-4.034
	相关性系数 R²	0.807	0.804	0.802
	LC₅₀ (mg/L)	84 666.01	657.69	559.06
	LC₉₀ (mg/L)	-	5 388.56	4 172.22
	1	6.47 ± 1.01^b	11.79 ± 1.66^c	19.35 ± 3.43^c
	50	7.50 ± 1.83^b	16.92 ± 2.85^c	22.58 ± 2.27^c
	200	7.54 ± 1.64^b	17.03 ± 1.64^c	26.02 ± 2.49^c
	400	9.49 ± 1.15^b	17.85 ± 1.40^c	27.69 ± 2.12^c
藜芦碱Azadirachtin	800	18.93 ± 3.39^a	43.41 ± 7.12^b	48.74 ± 7.74^b
	2000	19.30 ± 4.23^a	58.42 ± 2.13^a	61.69 ± 2.62^a
	毒力曲线方程	y=0.232x-1.733	y=0.473x-1.696	y=0.350x-1.185
	相关性系数 R²	0.766	0.762	0.779
	LC₅₀ (mg/L)	-	3 844.51	2 447.39
	LC₉₀ (mg/L)	-	-	-
	1	9.37 ± 1.08^b	14.71 ± 3.12^d	14.06 ± 2.77^e
	50	13.41 ± 1.56^ab	19.97 ± 2.13^cd	22.56 ± 3.19^d
	200	16.25 ± 1.73^ab	25.69 ± 2.45^bc	25.25 ± 3.28^cd
	400	15.49 ± 2.78^ab	29.09 ± 1.50^b	30.76 ± 0.60^bc
	800	18.97 ± 3.18^a	34.80 ± 3.34^b	37.80 ± 2.48^b
	2000	20.32 ± 2.25^a	44.19 ± 4.05^a	57.61 ± 2.17^a
印楝素Veratrine	毒力曲线方程	y=0.148x-1.341	y=0.275x-1.195	y=0.371x-1.325
	相关性系数 R²	0.895	0.874	0.935
	LC₅₀ (mg/L)	-	22 352.02	3 700.00
	LC₉₀ (mg/L)	-	-	-
	1	38.45 ± 8.76^c	51.35 ± 9.32^b	61.40 ± 10.97^b
	5	91.64 ± 1.01^b	93.64 ± 3.18^a	94.58 ± 2.89^a
	10	81.13 ± 2.45^ab	93.30 ± 5.33^a	100.00 ± 0.00^a
	50	97.78 ± 1.11^a	100.00 ± 0.00^a	100.00 ± 0.00^a
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	100	100.00 ± 0.00^a	100.00 ± 0.00^a	100.00 ± 0.00^a
	毒力曲线方程	y=1.410x-0.186	y=1.736x-0.054	y=2.143x-0.260
	相关性系数 R²	0.915	0.957	1.000
	LC₅₀ (mg/L)	1.36	0.93	0.76
	LC₉₀ (mg/L)	11.00	5.09	3.00

浓度(a.i. mg/L) Concentration	苦参碱Matrine	藜芦碱Azadirachtin	印楝素Veratrine	吡虫啉Imidacloprid
1	11.73 ± 9.26^a	5.92 ± 7.00^ab	0.25 ± 6.56^d	2.44 ± 2.03^b
5	—	—	—	31.04 ± 9.64^ab
10	15.71 ± 14.52^a	5.04 ± 3.22^ab	7.14 ± 3.67^cd	27.19 ± 17.19^ab
50	11.88 ± 12.39^a	6.18 ± 4.67^ab	10.71 ± 7.55^bcd	32.85 ± 8.84^ab
100	7.00 ± 4.58^a	7.57 ± 0.33^b	17.88 ± 2.52^bcd	47.71 ± 9.91^a
200	16.33 ± 8.72^a	2.30 ± 8.02^b	28.05 ± 3.84^ab	—
400	7.61 ± 4.93^a	23.20 ± 5.24^ab	23.20 ± 6.67^abc	—
800	19.30 ± 5.78^a	29.87 ± 7.13^a	34.33 ± 6.66^a	—
2000	16.52 ± 5.13^a	20.97 ± 8.67^ab	20.97 ± 2.96^abcd	—

浓度(a.i. mg/L) Concentration	苦参碱Matrine	藜芦碱Azadirachtin	印楝素Veratrine	吡虫啉Imidacloprid
1	11.73 ± 9.26^a	5.92 ± 7.00^ab	0.25 ± 6.56^d	2.44 ± 2.03^b
5	—	—	—	31.04 ± 9.64^ab
10	15.71 ± 14.52^a	5.04 ± 3.22^ab	7.14 ± 3.67^cd	27.19 ± 17.19^ab
50	11.88 ± 12.39^a	6.18 ± 4.67^ab	10.71 ± 7.55^bcd	32.85 ± 8.84^ab
100	7.00 ± 4.58^a	7.57 ± 0.33^b	17.88 ± 2.52^bcd	47.71 ± 9.91^a
200	16.33 ± 8.72^a	2.30 ± 8.02^b	28.05 ± 3.84^ab	—
400	7.61 ± 4.93^a	23.20 ± 5.24^ab	23.20 ± 6.67^abc	—
800	19.30 ± 5.78^a	29.87 ± 7.13^a	34.33 ± 6.66^a	—
2000	16.52 ± 5.13^a	20.97 ± 8.67^ab	20.97 ± 2.96^abcd	—

药剂名称 Insecticide	浓度(a.i. mg/L) Concentration	1龄幼虫 1st-instar	3龄幼虫 3rd-instar	成虫-雌 Female adult	成虫-雄 Male adult
苦参碱Matrine	2 000	29.63 ± 1.85^b	1.67 ± 1.67^b	10.00 ± 4.08^b	20.00 ± 8.16^b
藜芦碱Azadirachtin	2 000	38.89 ± 22.45^b	8.33 ± 1.67^b	4.00 ± 1.63^b	8.00 ± 3.27^bc
印楝素Veratrine	2 000	42.59 ± 1.85^b	5.00 ± 0.00^b	13.33 ± 5.44^b	0.00 ± 0.00^c
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	100	100.00 ± 0.00^a	70.00 ± 5.77^a	100.00 ± 0.00^a	100.00 ± 0.00^a