Studies on Photosynthetic and Vinification Characteristics of Wine Grape Variety Marseland in Extremely Arid Regions

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.014

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study thotosynthetic characteristics and wine characteristics of wine grape Marselan in extremely arid region in the hope of providing theoretical basis for promotion and vinification.【Method】 A newly introduced wine grape Marselan and local main variety Cabernet Sauvignon were used as materials,the Li-6400 photosynthetic apparatus was used to measure light response curve and FMS-2 por Table pulse-modulated fluorometer was used to measure chlorophyll fluorescence parameter,basic physical & chemical index and phenolic index were measured and single breed brewing test were conducted when the fruit was ripe,and wine quality was measured too,then photosynthetic characteristics and wine characteristics of wine grape Marselan were comprehensive assessed in extremely arid region.【Result】 The maximum net photosynthetic rate of Marselan leaves was higher than that of Cabernet Sauvignon,however light combination point and dark respiration rate were lower than those of Cabernet Sauvignon,which showed that Marselan had strong tolerance to low light.F_m,F_v/F_o,F_v/F_m,ΦPSII and NPQ of Marselan leaves were higher than those of Cabernet Sauvignon,while Fo of Marselan’ leaves was much lower than that of Cabernet Sauvignon.There was no significant difference between ETR of Marselan and Cabernet Sauvignon.Marselan had greater light utilization potential,and PSII could maintain high photochemical activity and protect the reaction center from damage.Soluble solids and reducing sugar content rise of Marselan were faster than Cabernet Sauvignon in later fruit ripening,however total acid of Marselan was slower than Cabernet Sauvignon,Marselan could keep a high total acid content,total phenols and tannins content of grape peel showed a trend of slow increase and then a slight decrease, while total anthocyanins showed a trend of first increase and then a slow decrease.Marselan could accumulates more phenols.Cluster mass and berry mass of Marselan were heavier than Cabernet Sauvignon,Marselan had medium bunch density,dark color of skin and seed,better maturity,peel quality,soluble solids,reducing sugar,total acid,anthocyanins and tannins,compared with Cabernet Sauvignon,Marselan had higher basic wine quality,alcohol content,total acid,chromaticity,total phenols and anthocyanins were higher than those of Cabernet Sauvignon,while pH was lower.In terms of fruit quality,Marselan was superior to Cabernet Sauvignon.【Conclusion】 Compared with Cabernet Sauvignon,Marselan has greater light utilization potential,PSII can maintain high photochemical activity,proper picking stage at the end of August and it has wine characteristics in extremely arid region.

Key words: Marselan grape; photosynthetic characteristics; vinification characteristics; extremely arid region

摘要： 【目的】 研究酿酒葡萄品种马瑟兰在极端干旱区的光合及酿酒特性,为马瑟兰在极端干旱区的推广及葡萄酒酿造提供理论依据。【方法】 以新引进的酿酒葡萄品种马瑟兰和地方主栽品种赤霞珠为试材,采用 Li-6400 光合仪测定叶片光响应参数,FMS-2 型便携脉冲调制式荧光仪测定叶绿素荧光参数,监测果实成熟后期基本理化指标及酚类指标,果实成熟后进行单品种酿造试验并测定葡萄酒品质,综合评价马瑟兰在极端干旱区的光合及酿酒特性。【结果】 马瑟兰叶片最大净光合速率高于赤霞珠,而光补偿点、暗呼吸速率低于赤霞珠,马瑟兰具有较强的耐弱光能力;马瑟兰叶绿素最大荧光值(F_m)、PSII潜在光化学效率(F_v/F_o)、PSII最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际化学效率(ΦPSII)、非光化学猝灭系数 (NPQ)指标均高于赤霞珠,而初始荧光值(F_o)小于赤霞珠,二者PSII电子传递速率(ETR)无显著差异,马瑟兰具有更大的光能利用潜力,PSII能维持较高的光化学活性,保护反应中心免受损害能力更强。马瑟兰果实成熟后期可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量上升速度均较赤霞珠快,而总酸含量降低速度较赤霞珠慢,马瑟兰能够保持较高的总酸含量;葡萄果皮中总酚、单宁含量呈现出下降后缓慢上升又略有降低的变化趋势,而总花色苷呈现出先上升后缓慢下降的变化趋势,马瑟兰葡萄积累酚类物质更多;采收期马瑟兰果穗质量和果粒质量均大于赤霞珠,且果穗紧密度较为适中,果皮颜色、种皮颜色更深,成熟度更好,相对果皮质量更高,马瑟兰可溶性固形物含量、还原糖、总酸含量和果皮中花色苷、单宁含量均高于赤霞珠,具有更高的酿酒基本品质;马瑟兰酿造的干红葡萄酒酒精度、总酸含量、色度、总酚含量、花色苷含量均高于赤霞珠,而pH值较低,整体品质优于赤霞珠。【结论】 在极端干旱区气候条件下,马瑟兰相比赤霞珠具有更大的光能利用潜力,PSII能维持较高的光化学活性;马瑟兰的适宜采收期为8月底,马瑟兰较赤霞珠具有更佳的酿酒特性。

关键词: 马瑟兰葡萄, 光合特性, 酿酒特性, 极端干旱区

CLC Number:

S663.1

BAI Shijian, HU Jinge, CAI Junshe, ZHAO Ronghua, CHEN Guang. Studies on Photosynthetic and Vinification Characteristics of Wine Grape Variety Marseland in Extremely Arid Regions[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(3): 511-521.

白世践, 户金鸽, 蔡军社, 赵荣华, 陈光. 极端干旱区酿酒葡萄品种马瑟兰的光合和酿酒特性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(3): 511-521.

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