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20 March 2021, Volume 58 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Soil Fertilizer
Horticultural Special Local Products·Plant Protection·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Microbes·Agroecological Environment


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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Soil Fertilizer

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Study on Dynamic Difference of Xinjiang Spring Wheat at the Grain Filling Stage LI Jianfeng, FAN Zheru, ZHANG Yueqiang, WANG Zhong, GAO Xin, SHI Jia, ZHANG Hongzhi, WANG Lihong, ZHAO Qi 2021, 58(3): 393-400.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.001 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (1298KB) ( 144 )   【Objective】 To study the dynamic difference of Xinjiang's main spring wheat varieties at the grain filling stage in four different ecological regions.【Method】 Eight varieties of Xinjiang spring wheat with different gluten strength in the four ecological regions were selected as study object, and a logistic equation was adopted for fitting to calculate a series of grain filling characteristic parameters and analyze the dynamic difference of Xinjiang's main spring wheat varieties during grain filling under different ecological conditions based on the dynamic changes in the dry matter of the wheat grain at the grain filling stage.【Result】 The maximum theoretical grain dry matter weight in eight wheat varieties tested (K value) was mostly (2.861±0.365) g/wheatear, and the ratio of final grain dry matter weight to K value decreased by 13.37%-25.26%.The tested variety Xinchun No.40 was the first to enter the early stage of the rapid grain filling process 13.24 d after the initial flowering stage, Xinchun No.46 was the latest to enter the early stage of the rapid grain filling process 15.17 d after the initial flowering stage, and Xinchun No.11 (14.66 ± 0.4)d was the most stable at the early stage of the rapid grain filling process in the four ecological regions.Xinchun No.6 was the fastest to reach the final stage of the rapid grain filling process 25.25 d after the initial flowering stage, Xinchun No.26 was the latest to reach the final stage of the grain filling process 29.07 d after the initial flowering stage, and Xinchun No.38 (26.86 ± 0.48) d was the most stable at the final stage of the grain filling process in the four ecological regions.For average performance of the continuous rapid grain filling stage, Xinchun No.6 had the shortest continuous rapid grain filling stage of 11.10 d, Xinchun No.26 had the longest continuous rapid grain filling stage of 14.08 d, and Xinchun No.40 (12.97 ± 0.45)d was the most stable at the continuous rapid grain filling stage.The maximum relative grain filling rate of Xinchun No.6 is the highest with 0.17 g/wheatear per day 19.51 d after the initial flowering stage, while that of Xinchun No.11 is the lowest with 0.12 g/wheatear per day 18.27 d after the initial flowering stage.The average performance of the early and final stages of the rapid grain filling process in the four ecological regions (the number of days after the initial flowering stage) is: Junhu < Yanqi < Emin < Altay Prefecture.The average performance of the continuous rapid grain filling stage in the four ecological regions (the number of days) is: Altay Prefecture < Emin < Yanqi < Junhu.The average performance of the maximum grain filling rate (Vm): Yanqi (0.11 g/(wheatear·d)) < Junhu (0.13 g/(wheatear·d)) < Emin (0.15 g/(wheatear·d)) < Altay Prefecture (0.17 g/(wheatear·d)).【Conclusion】 For the tested main wheat varieties, the average grain number per spike is low and the variation range of the overall performance is large, indicating that the grain number per spike of spring wheat varieties in Xinjiang can be improved to increase production.The performance and stability in different grain filling characteristic parameters are different in different regions due to variety characteristics.The effect of different grain filling characteristic parameters shows that the early stage of the rapid grain filling process and the maximum grain filling rate are affected mostly by regions, the end stage of rapid grain filling process is affected mostly by regions×varieties.In the four different ecological regions, the grain filling characteristic parameters in the early stage and the end stage of the rapid grain filling process are consistent, and the other grain filling characteristic parameters are different.

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Low Temperature Germination Resistance of Backbone Maize Inbred Lines at Home and Abroad HAN Dengxu, YANG Jie, WANG Yejian, XI Haojiang, LIANG Xiaoling, LI Mingdong, Abulaiti Abula 2021, 58(3): 401-411.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.002 Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (962KB) ( 91 )   【Objective】 In recent years, extreme weather such as low temperature chilling injury occurred frequently during the sowing and emergence of maize in the northern spring maize region, resulting in slow emergence and poor uniformity of seeds, which ultimately affected the quality and yield of maize. In this study, maize germplasm from the United States, Germany, former Yugoslavia, Canada and China were selected for the identification of low temperature germination resistance, and the germplasm with strong low temperature germination resistance was selected to provide material basis and technical support for the improvement of low temperature resistant germplasm and the breeding of new varieties.【Methods】 74 maize inbred lines were taken as materials, the field survey direct method and indoor assay method were applied, through the investigation, to determine the 10 indexes such as the standard germination rate (SGR), cold immerse germination rate (CIGR), normal field emergence potential (NFEP), normal field emergence rate (NFER), low field emergence potential (LFEP), low field emergence rate (LFER), normal Field germination index (NFGI), normal field vigor index (NFVI), low field germination index (LFGI) and low field vigor index (LFVI). The ability of maize seeds to germinate under low temperature was evaluated by the method of membership function and multivariate statistical analysis. And also, the ability of maize seeds to resist low temperature germination was evaluated by using membership function and multivariate statistical analysis.【Results】 There were abundant genetic variations in the low temperature germination tolerance of maize inbred lines tested.10 appraisal index of genetic variation coefficient were between 10.10%-145.47%, and the cumulative contribution rate was 73.554%, maize inbred lines was established by stepwise regression seed germination ability at low temperature resistance comprehensive evaluation mathematics model of low temperature resistant YLTR=0.162+0.250XNFGI+0.246XLFGI.The predicted results with the method of subordinate function value (L) the evaluation results are basically identical.Finally, 74 inbred lines were divided into 5 grades based on the comprehensive evaluation value of low-temperature germination tolerance: one inbred line with very strong low-temperature germination tolerance, 12 inbred lines with rather strong low-temperature germination resistance, 45 inbred lines with moderate low-temperature germination resistance,13 inbred lines with weak low-temperature germination resistance and 3 inbred lines with extremely weak low-temperature germination resistance.【Conclusion】 The selected inbred lines Shen137, D3M and JSH2402 with very weak germination resistance at low temperature and Xinzi3113 with strong germination resistance at low temperature will be applied in the research of low-temperature QTL mapping, germplasm innovation and new variety selection.Field germination index at room temperature and field germination index at low temperature can be used as main indexes to evaluate the low temperature tolerance of inbred lines.

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Effects of Sowing Dates and Plastic Film Mulching on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Upland Rice FAN Xiaofang, SUO Changkai, CHU Xuan, WANG Luxia, YE Jun, DOU Hao, WANG Yuming 2021, 58(3): 412-418.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.003 Abstract ( 104 )   PDF (1177KB) ( 74 )   【Objective】 The field experiments were conducted to study the effects of bare land, plastic film mulching and different sowing dates on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of upland rice.【Methods】 Two treatments of bare land and plastic mulch were set up, and the three sowing dates of each treatment were April 15 (early sowing), May 1 (suitable sowing), and May 15 (late sowing). The dry matter weight, nutrient absorption and yield of upland rice were analyzed by using upland rice varieties Haxiang 1 and Haxiang 2.【Results】 The dry matter weight, nutrient uptake and yield in film mulched upland rice treatment were 14.7%-19.5%, 8.8%-54.2% and 18.4%-24.0% higher than those in bare land treatments respectively. The dry matter weight, nutrient uptake and yield in late sowing treatment were 17.5%-22.1%, 23.3%-55.0% and 71.7%-85.1% higher than those in early sowing treatments respectively. Under the plastic film mulching treatment, the dry matter weight, nutrient uptake and yield of suitable sowing treatment were the highest, which were increased by 9.0%-18.0%, 7.5%-30.3% and 3.6%-24.8% in early and late sowing respectively.【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of plastic film mulching and suitable sowing, upland rice is the best cultivation mode for its growth, nutrient uptake and yield.

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The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on the Yield and Water Utilization of Machine-picked Cotton under Condition of Drip Irrigation LIN Tao, MEI Xurong, HAO Weiping, TIAN Liwen, CUI Jianping, GUO Rensong, WANG Liang, ZHENG Zipiao 2021, 58(3): 419-429.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.004 Abstract ( 125 )   PDF (1162KB) ( 86 )   【Objective】 To clarify the impact of deficit irrigation on the yield and water use efficiency of machine-picked cotton in Xinjiang under the condition of drip irrigation under mulch.【Method】 In this study, five irrigation quotas treatments were conducted with 225 mm (Ir1), 285 mm (Ir2), 345 mm (Ir3), 405 mm (Ir4) and 465 mm in a typical cotton harvesting area in Xinjiang. The effects on the water consumption characteristics, dry matter accumulation and cotton yield formation of different deficit irrigation quotas were analyzed in cotton field from 2016 to 2018.【Result】 The results showed that with the increase of irrigation quota, the water consumption of cotton fields showed an increasing trend, and the water consumption modulus coefficient in the later stage of cotton growth was increased, so that the dry matter accumulation speed was faster, the rapid accumulation period was longer, but the irrigation amount increased. The dry matter distribution of cotton bolls first increased and then decreased. The maximum distribution of Ir3 was 64.7-82.2 g/plant. The proportion of stems and leaves increased significantly with the increase of irrigation quota, while the proportion of cotton bolls decreased significantly; In terms of cotton yield and water use efficiency, the number of bolls per plant and the weight of bolls increased significantly with the increase of irrigation quota, which promoted the increase of seed cotton yield. Compared with other treatments, high irrigation quota achieved higher seed cotton yield of Ir5. Among them, lint was only 3.80% higher than that of Ir4. However, in terms of water use efficiency, water use efficiency was significantly reduced with the increase of irrigation. Among them, Ir1 was 20.59%, 34.59%, 48.68% and 57.93% higher than those of Ir2-Ir5, respectively.【Conclusion】 In summary, under the condition of deficit irrigation, the water supply function of the soil can be fully exerted, and deficit irrigation can be carried out appropriately, which is conducive to the transfer of dry matter accumulation to the reproductive organs, resulting in the number of bolls per plant and the weight of boll significant improvement. Therefore, on the basis of the actual water consumption during the cotton growth period, reducing the irrigation amount by 12% will not significantly reduce the cotton yield, and at the same time, higher water use efficiency can be obtained.

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Effects of Environmental Factors on Germination Characteristics of Cotton Seeds with Filmless Drip Irrigation WANG Hongbo, YANG Yingpan, GAO Yang, ZHOU Yu, SUN Wenjun, WANG Xingpeng 2021, 58(3): 430-440.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.005 Abstract ( 103 )   PDF (1526KB) ( 77 )   【Objective】 To study the effects of water, salt, temperature and interaction on the germination characteristics of Zhongmian 619 cottond.【Methods】 Based on orthogonal experiments, membership function method, and cluster analysis, PEG simulates drought stress, NaCl simulates soil salt stress, and a biochemical incubator were used to control the environmental temperature.The effects of water, salt, temperature and their interactions on filmless drip irrigation were compared and analyzed.After that, effects of germination characteristics on cotton cultivar Zhongmian 619 (filmless cotton) and Xinluzhong 37 cotton cultivar Xinluzhong under drip irrigation were compared.【Results】 The results show that: Both had higher requirements for temperature, and the salt tolerance and drought resistance of cotton seeds without film and drip irrigation were better than those under drip irrigation.The effect of temperature on seed germination reached a significant level (P <0.01), the salinity reached a significant level (P <0.05), but the moisture and interactions did not reach a significant level.【Conclusion】 Therefore, the suitable environmental factors for Zhongmian 619 cotton with no film drip irrigation are temperature 25℃, salt content 0.1%-0.4%, water content 7.5% and 15%, when water content is 15%, salt content is 0.2% and temperature is 25℃, the germination of the filmless cotton seed without drip irrigation was the best.

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Effects of Drought at Different Growth Stages on Growth and Yield of Peanut MIAO Haocui, LI Qiang, HOU Xianfei, JIA Donghai, SHI Bixian, DING Hong, LI Limin, ZHANG Zhimeng 2021, 58(3): 441-449.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.006 Abstract ( 209 )   PDF (1344KB) ( 135 )   【Objective】 To explore the relationship among peanut growth and development, photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter distribution under drought stress in different growth periods and study the effects of drought stress on peanut growth and yield.【Methods】 The agronomic characters, photosynthetic characteristics and drought resistance characteristics were analyzed by using Huayu 25 and Huayu 33.【Result】 The results showed that:(1) Significant effect of drought on flowering during flowering.(2) During drought stress, the main photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves of the tested varieties were reduced, and the intercellular CO2 concentration decreased by more than 2 times. (3) Drought severely affected the dry matter of peanuts, and the dry matter quality of peanut roots, needles, and young fruits in the whole growth stages were decreased by more than 50%. (4) In the drought resistance index, the drought resistance index and drought resistance index all showed seedling stage > pod-setting period > flower needle period > full growth period. The drought injury index was opposite to the drought coefficients and drought resistance index.【Conclusion】 Flowering needle stage is the most sensitive period of drought stress, followed by the drought during the pod-bearing period and the full growth period, while seedling stage is the least sensitive to drought. During cultivation, sufficient soil moisture should be ensured during the flowering and pod-bearing periods and irrigation measures should be taken in time to ensure the increase of peanut yield.

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Establishment and Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Rhizosphere Soil Archaea of Cotton by Real-time Fluorescent TaqMan-quantitative PCR GUAN Lihui, LIU Ping, DANG Wenfang, YANG Hongmei, NIU Xinxiang, CHU Ming, LI Ping, GAO Yan, ZENG Jun, HUO Xiangdong, ZHANG Tao, LIN Qing, Mahemuti Outikuer, LI Yuguo, LOU Kai, SHI Yingwu 2021, 58(3): 450-456.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.007 Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (1080KB) ( 92 )   【Objective】 To analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics by using TaqMan probe to establish a real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology for rapid detection of the number of Archaea in rhizosphere soil of different growth stages of cotton in Xinjiang.【Methods】 The total DNA of cotton was amplified by 16S rRNA gene specific primers, and the gene sequence obtained by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was sequenced by MiSeq, and then the standard curve was constructed. The dynamic changes of the number of Archaea in cotton rhizosphere soil and the comparison of community abundance in different growth periods and different regions were analyzed.【Results】 The number of soil Archaea in the rhizosphere of cotton verticillium wilt in Alar region showed a downward trend in four growth stages, the lowest was 1.11×104 copies/g (FRW) in cotton boll opening stage, The number of soil Archaea in Hami, Shihezi, Tumushuke and Wusu decreased from cotton seeding stage to flower stage, and increased to the maximum at boll opening stage, among which the highest number of Archaea in Hami was 1.75×106 copies / g (FRW). In Jinghe and Korla cotton rhizosphere, the number of soil Archaea fluctuated obviously, showing a trend of first increasing, then decreasing, and then increasing, among which the largest appeared in the boll opening stage. Comparison of abundances of rhizosphere archaea communities in cotton found that Thermoplasmata > Unclassified_p_Thaumarchaeota > Marine_Group_I > Unclassified_k_norank_d_Archaea > Halobacteria > others. SCG was dominant in different growth stages and regions, 79.94% in bud stage and 88.84% in Hami.【Conclusion】 The number of Archaea can be detected successfully by TaqMan probe method. At different growth stages, the number of cotton rhizosphere Archaea was relatively high, among which the number of cotton rhizosphere Archaea was the highest at the bolling stage, and the number of Hami cotton rhizosphere Archaea was the highest in different cotton planting areas. There were significant differences in the composition and abundance of soil Archaea community in cotton rhizosphere in different growth stages and regions, which indicated that the soil environment in the region was quite different.

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Effects of Different Amounts of Drip Irrigation under Mulch Film on Soil Respiration and Organic Carbon in Soybean Field DU Xiaojing, AN Chongxiao, XU Wenxiu, TANG Jianghua, FANG Yanfei, ZHANG Na, LI Ling 2021, 58(3): 457-466.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.008 Abstract ( 1057 )   PDF (1412KB) ( 51 )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different amounts of drip irrigation under mulch film on soil organic carbon of summer soybean in the hope of providing theoretical basis for high-yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon of summer soybean.【Methods】 In this study, six amounts of drip irrigation under mulch film: 4,200 m3/hm2 (W0), 3,780 m3/hm2(W1), 3,360 m3/hm2(W2), 2,940 m3/hm2 (W3), 2,520 m3/hm2(W4), 2,100 m3/hm2 (W5), and one no mulch treatment 4,200 m3/hm2 (CK) were conducted in 2019.respectively to research the impacts of amounts of drip irrigation under mulch film on the contents of soil CO2 respiration, soil total organic carbon (SOC)and soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) of summer soybean.【Results】 The results showed that contents of soil CO2 respiration of summer soybean in the measurement period followed the sequence of W2>W3>W4>W5>W1>W0, with no significant difference between W2 and W3 treatment (P<0.05).With the increasing irrigation volume, the variation of soil organic carbon content, soil active organic carbon content and soil carbon pool management index all increased first and then decreased, the indicators of W2 or W3 treatments were better than those of other treatments.The yields was the highest in W3 treatment, which was 3,304.90 kg/hm2, increased by 7.45%, 5.16%, 0.77%, 8.42% and 18.68% in comparing with that of W0, W1, W2, W4 and W5.Besides, the plastic mulching treatments of each physiological indicators were higher than those of no mulching treatment (CK).【Conclusion】 Therefore, 2,940-3,360 m3/hm2 can increase the content of soil SOC and AOC in the tillage layer (0-30 cm) for high yield of summer soybean.

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Effects of Combinative Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Sesame Yield and Soil Properties LU Hailing, GUO Zhongyi, WEI Shuangling 2021, 58(3): 467-473.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.009 Abstract ( 141 )   PDF (673KB) ( 77 )   【Objective】 To study the effects of combinative application of biochar, organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizer on sesame yield and soil properties.【Method】 The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of biochar, organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer and NPK fertilizer on physiological characteristics of sesame, yield, soil physical and chemical property and enzymatic activity.【Results】 Compared with control, the combinative application of biochar, organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer and NPK fertilizer significantly increased the soil enzyme activity and photosynthetic characteristics of sesame during its flowering stage. The activities of soil saccharase respectively increased by 33.3%, 26.4% and 23.6% compared to the control, the activities of soil urease increased by 47.4%, 35.9% and 29.5%, catalase activity increased by 20.4%, 13.6% and 12.1%, the content of chlorophyll in leaves increased by 10.7% and 9.4% and 8.0%, and the net photosynthetic rate increased by 24.2%, 16.2% and 10.9%. The rapid available contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) increased under the combinative application of biochar, organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer and NPK fertilizer treatment. Biochar treatment had a significant effect in reducing soil bulk density and increasing total soil porosity. The combined application of biochar, organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer and NPK fertilizer significantly increased the yield compared with the non-fertilization, and increased the yield by 11.7% -13.3%, 8.8% -8.1%, and 4.4% -8.7% respectively compared with the treatment of NPK fertilizer.【Conclusion】 It is recommended that 1,500 kg of biochar per hectare or 1,500 kg of organic fertilizer combined with 120 kg of nitrogen(N) fertilizer, 75 kg of phosphorus (P) fertilizer, 75 kg of potassium(K) fertilizer can be applied as the way of fertilization.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Plant Protection·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Microbes·Agroecological Environment

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Advances in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) MicroRNA Regulation of Growth and Adversity Response LI Ning, WANG Juan, WANG Baike, DAI Qi, HUANG Shaoyong, Patiguli, GAO Jie, YU Qinghui 2021, 58(3): 474-482.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.010 Abstract ( 188 )   PDF (923KB) ( 110 )   【Objective】 This paper reviews and summarizes the research status and progress of the regulation of tomato miRNAs on its growth and development and response to adversity, so as to provide theoretical and scientific basis for the application of tomato breeding.【Methods】 Consult the relevant literature at home and abroad, summarize and compare the literature data.【Result】 MiRNA is a kind of endogenous noncoding microRNA, which widely exists in plants. It is located in the noncoding region of genome and has about 21-25 nucleotides. It regulates target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by directional degradation of target gene mRNA and inhibition of its translation. The emergence of high-throughput sequencing is conducive to the exponential growth of the number of plant miRNAs, which makes the types and data volume of miRNAs related databases increasingly rich. Recent research results show that many biological processes of tomato are regulated by miRNA, including plant morphology, organ development, growth and development, and response to drought, salt, temperature, and biological stress.【Conclusion】 MiRNAs play a crucial role in tomato growth and development, and stress response. The research should focus on the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs and their target genes on tomato. In the future, it is expected to change the quality and growth cycle of tomato fruits in a targeted manner, and provide new ideas and methods for tomato resistance to adversity.

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Advances in the Application of Rice Blast Resistance Genes in Rice Breeding HAN Xueqin, SHEN Wenjuan, ZHANG Zhenhai, TIAN Lei, LUO Chengke, YANG Shuqin, LI Peifu, ZHANG Yinxia 2021, 58(3): 483-492.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.011 Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (889KB) ( 232 )   【Objective】 The mechanism of rice blast resistance, the localization and cloning of resistance genes and the application of resistance genes in rice breeding were reviewed in order to provide references for the identification and breeding of resistance genes in rice.【Method】 To summarize and compare and analyze related literature at home and abroad.The application of different resistance genes in rice blast resistance was analyzed.【Result】 With the rapid development of molecular biology, about 100 resistance genes have been identified at the quantitative trait loci associated with 500 disease resistance genes. 37 genes were identified and mapped to the rice genome. It has been successfully cloned; of the different breeding methods, genetically engineered breeding is the most direct method of blast-tolerant breeding of rice.【Conclusion】 The identification of rice blast resistance gene is the basis of resistance breeding.The full utilization of resistance genes is conducive to the rapid and effective breeding of new varieties with broad spectrum and persistent resistance.

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Effects of Different Storage Conditions on Quality and Saccharine of Aksu Apple ZHANG Yaruo, LIU Yuan, TONG Panpan, TANG Lei, XÜ Qiang, WANG Jiangbo 2021, 58(3): 493-501.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.012 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (2287KB) ( 71 )   【Objective】 To explore the most suitable storage conditions of "rock candy heart" apples in Aksu area.【Methods】 Apples in Aksu area were used as material to monitor the changes of various fruit quality indexes during the process of apple core disappearing and browning under different storage conditions.【Results】 After 100 days of storage, the sugar core rate and the sugar core index were significantly higher and the browning index was significantly lower than those of other storage conditions.There was no significant difference in PPO (Polyphenol oxidase) activity, ethanol, methanol and acetaldehyde content of fruits under different storage conditions.The sugar-core index of fruit was positively correlated with hardness, soluble solid, organic acid and PPO activity.【Conclusion】 The temperature of 4℃ and perforation are the most favorable conditions for the storage of sugar-core apples in Aksu area.

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Correlation Analysis of Mineral Elements and Soluble Sugar in Different Maturity Stages of Fuji Apple FENG Beibei, MEI Chuang, ZHANG Zhengjun, LIU Hairong, Aishajiang Maimaiti, WANG Jixun, YAN Peng 2021, 58(3): 502-510.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.013 Abstract ( 183 )   PDF (1414KB) ( 75 )   【Objective】 To study the relationship between the mineral content and the soluble sugar content in the fruits of Changfu 2 and Yanfu 6 in hongqipo farm of Aksu Area in different maturity stages, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the high quality and high yield cultivation of apples.【Methods】 Taking Changfu 2 and Yanfu 6 as test materials, the relationship between mineral elements and soluble sugar components in fruit was investigated.The types and contents of soluble sugar were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and minerals in fruit were determined by Kjeldahl nitrogen method, vanadium molybdenum yellow colorimetry, flame photometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and curcumin colorimetry Material elements were determined.【Results】 On September 16, the contents of sucrose, glucose and sorbitol of Changfu 2 and Yanfu 6 were 20.12 and 36.4 mg/g, 33.82 and 18.29 mg/g, 3.52 and 4.68 mg/g, respectively.During the period from October 5 to October 25, the fructose contents of the two varieties were 71.50 and 90.43 mg/g, 91.64 and 78.69 mg/g, 94.48 and 82.52 mg/g, respectively.The contents of N, Ca, Cu, Fe and Zn in the fruit of Changfu 2 have been in a downward trend from September 16 to October 25.The contents of N had a significant positive correlation with the contents of Ca, Cu and Fe, the contents of sucrose had a significant negative correlation with Ca, Cu and Fe, and the contents of Zn had a significant negative correlation.In Yanfu 6, the contents of Ca and sorbitol had a significant negative correlation, Mg and Fe had a significant positive correlation with the contents of sucrose, and there was a significant negative correlation between B elements and fructose.【Conclusion】 On October 15, the glucose and sorbitol content of Changfu 2reached the maximum, and the glucose content ofYanfu 6was also the highest at this time.On October 25, the sucrose content of the two varieties reached the highest value.At this time, the fructose content of Changfu 2 also reached the maximum, and that ofYanfu 6reached the maximum on October 5.In Changfu, the contents of total phosphorus and B reached the maximum on October 5, the contents of total potassium increased from October 15 to October 25, and the content of Mg was in a downward trend during this period.From September 16 to October 25, the contents of total nitrogen, Fe, Ca, Cu and Zn were in a downward trend.In Yanfu 6, the total nitrogen content increased in a ‘S’ pattern from September 16 to October 25, and the contents of Ca, Cu and Zn decreased during this period.The contents of total phosphorus, iron and magnesium increased continuously from October 15 to 25, while the content of total potassium decreased.

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Studies on Photosynthetic and Vinification Characteristics of Wine Grape Variety Marseland in Extremely Arid Regions BAI Shijian, HU Jinge, CAI Junshe, ZHAO Ronghua, CHEN Guang 2021, 58(3): 511-521.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1621KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study thotosynthetic characteristics and wine characteristics of wine grape Marselan in extremely arid region in the hope of providing theoretical basis for promotion and vinification.【Method】 A newly introduced wine grape Marselan and local main variety Cabernet Sauvignon were used as materials,the Li-6400 photosynthetic apparatus was used to measure light response curve and FMS-2 por Table pulse-modulated fluorometer was used to measure chlorophyll fluorescence parameter,basic physical & chemical index and phenolic index were measured and single breed brewing test were conducted when the fruit was ripe,and wine quality was measured too,then photosynthetic characteristics and wine characteristics of wine grape Marselan were comprehensive assessed in extremely arid region.【Result】 The maximum net photosynthetic rate of Marselan leaves was higher than that of Cabernet Sauvignon,however light combination point and dark respiration rate were lower than those of Cabernet Sauvignon,which showed that Marselan had strong tolerance to low light.Fm,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm,ΦPSII and NPQ of Marselan leaves were higher than those of Cabernet Sauvignon,while Fo of Marselan’ leaves was much lower than that of Cabernet Sauvignon.There was no significant difference between ETR of Marselan and Cabernet Sauvignon.Marselan had greater light utilization potential,and PSII could maintain high photochemical activity and protect the reaction center from damage.Soluble solids and reducing sugar content rise of Marselan were faster than Cabernet Sauvignon in later fruit ripening,however total acid of Marselan was slower than Cabernet Sauvignon,Marselan could keep a high total acid content,total phenols and tannins content of grape peel showed a trend of slow increase and then a slight decrease, while total anthocyanins showed a trend of first increase and then a slow decrease.Marselan could accumulates more phenols.Cluster mass and berry mass of Marselan were heavier than Cabernet Sauvignon,Marselan had medium bunch density,dark color of skin and seed,better maturity,peel quality,soluble solids,reducing sugar,total acid,anthocyanins and tannins,compared with Cabernet Sauvignon,Marselan had higher basic wine quality,alcohol content,total acid,chromaticity,total phenols and anthocyanins were higher than those of Cabernet Sauvignon,while pH was lower.In terms of fruit quality,Marselan was superior to Cabernet Sauvignon.【Conclusion】 Compared with Cabernet Sauvignon,Marselan has greater light utilization potential,PSII can maintain high photochemical activity,proper picking stage at the end of August and it has wine characteristics in extremely arid region.

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Quantitative Characteristics of Microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae in Cotton Field Soil under Different Factors LIU Haiyang, WANG Wei, ZHANG Renfu, Wenqiemu Abulizi, YAO Ju 2021, 58(3): 522-531.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1331KB) ( )   【Objective】 Microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae in soil is the basis of cotton Verticillium wilt. This project aims to clarify the influence of external factors on microsclerotia in soil and provide a solution for the prevention and control of the disease.【Method】 The microsclerotia in soils collected from cotton field with Verticillium wilt under different treatments were detected using selective isolation and culture technology, and verified by indoor pot experiment.【Result】 Microsclerotia were aggregated in the soil of cotton field. Its number in the cotton rhizosphere was not significantly correlated with its disease resistance. Comparing cotton with upland rice, at the flowering and boll-forming stages, the number of microsclerotia in the cotton rhizosphere was significantly higher than that in the rice rhizosphere. At the harvest stage, the number of microsclerotia in the rice rhizosphere increased significantly, but showed no significant difference with the number of microsclerotia in the cotton rhizosphere. Indoor pot experiment revealed no significant differences in the number of microsclerotia in the rhizosphere soil between disease-resistant varieties Zhongzhimian 2, Zhongzhimian 2 + rice treatment and susceptible variety Junmian 1, Junmian 1 + rice mixed treatment. Water flooding was performed for the soil. After 20-30 days of waterflooding, the number of microsclerotia in soil increased significantly, but decreased slightly at the 60th day. After 150 days, the number of microsclerotia increased to the highest level, which was five times as much as that in the initial stage. The dynamics of growth and decline of microsclerotia in soil under rice + waterflooding treatment were consistent with those in blank control, presenting a trend of rapid increase, then decrease and then increase. The number of microsclerotia at the 150th day was 8 times as much as that in the initial stage.【Conclusion】 Microsclerotia are aggregated in the soil of cotton field. The number of microsclerotia in the cotton rhizosphere is not significantly correlated with its disease resistance. Planting upland rice in field can delay the growth of microsclerotia in early stage. Water flooding significantly promotes the growth of microsclerotia in potted planting soil. Rice planting fails to inhibit or even fail to promote the growth of microsclerotia in soil.

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Evaluation of Control Efficacy of Herbicide Reduction in Walnut-Wheat Intercropping CHEN Li, LI Jing, SHEN Yuyang, ZHAO Haiyan, LIU Qi, LI Guangkuo, GAO Haifeng 2021, 58(3): 532-539.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (795KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to explore the control effect and safety of herbicide adding synergist on broadleaf weeds in walnut-wheat intercropping field, this paper aims to perform related experiments to provide scientific basis for herbicide reducing application in wheat field.【Method】 Randomized block design was used to research the number and the fresh weight of weeds at fixed spots, and the effect of herbicide reduced application on weeds and safety to winter wheat was evaluated.【Result】 After forty-five days, under the condition of the dosage of 30.00% reduced, the control effect of 2% florasulam + 4% carfentrazone-ethyl OD, 10% halauxifen - methyl + 10% florasulam WG and 10% tribenuron - methyl WP added synergist 'Jijian' on broadleaf weeds were 92.33% - 97.97% and 98.78% - 99.57%, respectively. All the treatments did not negatively influence on the growth and development of the winter wheat.【Conclusion】 6% difluorocarbon OD, 20% difluorocarbon WG and 10% tribenuron methyl WP can effectively control broadleaf weeds such as Descuminia sophia and Chenopodium glaucum in walnut wheat intercropping field. They are safe for the growth of winter wheat and can be used in field alternation reasonably.

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The Relationship between the Anatomical Structure of Malus sieversii Branches and the Resistance to Agrilusmali ZHANG Xiaoyan, MEI Chuang, YAN Peng, Aisajan Mamat, MA Kai, HAN Liqun, WANG Jixun, DONG Lianxin 2021, 58(3): 540-546.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1019KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the relationship between the anatomical structure of Malus sieversii branches and the resistance to Agrilusmali and provide reference for the breeding and biological control of Malus sieversii.【Methods】 In this study, insect-resistant and sensitive plants of Malus sieversii were used as experimental materials.The internal anatomical characteristics of the Malus sieversii branches were observed with an optical microscope to explore the causes of the insect-resistant phenotype.【Result】 Under natural conditions, the anatomical structure of xylem of Malus sieversii branches was analyzed.The vessel density had a greater effect on insect resistance.The vessel density of insect-resistant plants was lower than that of sensitive plants, which were 136.2 and 163.1 n/μm2, respectively; xylem thickness and xylem ray width had little effect on insect resistance of Malus sieversii plants.From the anatomical structure of the bark of Malus sieversii, the thickness of the cortex and phloem of resistant and susceptible Malus sieversiiplants were significantly different.The phloem thickness of insect-resistant plants was lower than that of sensitive plants, which were 194.9 and 432.3 μm, respectively; Cortex thickness of insect-resistant plants was higher than that of sensitive plants, which were 1,282.9 and 1,037.7 μm, respectively; there was no significant difference in the thickness of periderm.【Conclusion】 The anatomical structure of Malus sieversii branches has a great influence on the resistance to insects.The smaller the density of the xylem vessel of the branches, the better the insect resistance; the lower the thickness of the phloem, the higher the thickness of the cortex, and the more obvious the phenotype with insect resistance.

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DNA Bar-Coding Combined with Morphological Characteristics to Identify a New Record Species:Kirinia eversmanni from China GUO Wentao, Nuriye Muhetaier, LUO Shungang, ZHONG Wen, HU Hongying 2021, 58(3): 547-555.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1809KB) ( )   【Objective】 Kirinia eversmanni, a newly recorded species in China, is identified by DNA bar-coding combined with morphology, which is likely to provide a research basis for its accurate identification and a reference for the study of butterfly’s biology and ecology.【Methods】 The Kirinia eversmanni adult abdomen was used to extract genomic DNA, mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene was applied as a general purpose primer for PCR amplification, the sequence as its DNA barcode to anatomize male genitalia and describe the characteristics of male genitalia morphological structure and the surface of the wing.【Result】 The COI gene sequence length of Kirinia eversmanni was 696 bp, and the similarity of sequence between Kirinia eversmanni and the known sequences in NCBI was up to 99.70%, which could prove that the species studied was the same one as the species recorded in NCBI, Kirinia eversmanni, and also reflected the authenticity and reliability of the experimental sequence.At the same time, the morphological characteristics of aedeagus, tegumen and valvae structures of male genitalia were described and combined with the obtained sequences, which could be used for accurate identification evidence of Kirinia eversmanni.【Conclusion】 DNA bar-coding sequence combined with morphological description makes the identification result of Kirinia eversmanni more comprehensive and accurate.

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Individual Phenolic Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Sweet Potato Leaf Polyphenols HUO Jinshuang, SUI Weice, SUN Hongnan, MU Taihua 2021, 58(3): 556-564.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (979KB) ( )   【Objective】 To identify the individual phenolic composition and antimicrobial activity of sweet potato leaf polyphenols.【Methods】 HPLC was used to identify the individual phenolic composition of sweet potato leaf polyphenols.Furthermore, oxford cup method and minimum inhibitory concentration method were used to determine the inhibitory activity of sweet potato leaf polyphenols on bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris) and mould (Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae).【Results】 Sweet potato leaf polyphenols were mainly composed by 7 individual phenolic compounds.The order of inhibitory activity of sweet potato leaf polyphenols against bacteria and mould was: Gram-positive bacteria > Gram-negative bacteria > mould.Caffeic acid showed the highest antibacterial activity, with the minimum inhibitory concentration on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis 47 μg/mL, and it was true of that of ceftriaxone sodium.【Conclusion】 Sweet potato leaf polyphenols have the potential to be used as a novel source of antimicrobial agent in the fields of food and medication.

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Salt-Tolerant Identification of Genetic Transformation in Arabidopsis with the KfNHX1 Gene from the Halophyte Kalidium foliatum YIN Fangliu, MAO Xiaofei, ZENG Youling 2021, 58(3): 565-572.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1368KB) ( )   【Objective】 The halophyte Kalidium foliatum is a very salt-tolerant shrub belonging to Chenopodiaceae with strong resistance to salinity.Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) is a membrane protein that plays an important role in ionic homeostasis.It maintains intracellular ion and pH balance by regulating the transmembrane transport of ions between cells.To study the salt tolerance function of the vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene (KfNHX1, AY825250) from K.foliatum, to provide candidate genes for salt tolerance breeding.【Methods】 The KfNHX1 gene was transferred into Arabidopsis thaliana by the method of Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated inflorescence transformation; combined with genomic PCR and RT-PCR methods to identify transgene lines with 3:1 segregation ratio; utilize the germination rate, root length and phenotype analysis under salt stress; combine the content of Na+ and K+ in leaves with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer to infer the salt tolerance.【Results】 Genomic PCR and RT-PCR analysis were performed on the homozygous transgenic plants by antibiotic screening of 3∶1 to confirm that the KfNHX1 gene was stably integrated into the genome and expressed in Arabidopsis.Further salt tolerant physiological function data show that the transgenic Arabidopsis had higher germination rate and root length than the wild-type under salt stress.The WT and transgenic plants were stressed with 200 mM NaCl for 15 days, the transgenic plants grew well and accumulated high Na+ and K+ contents in the leaves, but the WT plants were chlorotic and dying.Besides, the transgenic plants have higher germination rate and growth phenotype under exogenous ABA applyment.【Conclusion】 The results showed that the K.foliatum KfNHX1 can enhance the salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis and has the potential to improvement of plant salt tolerance.

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Screening microRNAs Related to Wool Crimp in Chinese Merino Sheep YU Lijuan, ZHANG Yanhua, Lazate Ainiwaer, XU Xinming, Maerziya Yasen, DI Jiang 2021, 58(3): 573-580.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1018KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the role of miRNAs at post-transcriptional levels in skin tissues of different wool crimp and possible regulatory pathways.【Method】 High-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare and analyze the differential expression of miRNA in the skin tissue of fine wool sheep with extremely different wool staple crimp frequency (big crimp group and small crimp group).【Result】 A total of 424 miRNAs were identified, including 143 known and 282 newly discovered miRNAs. Difference analysis of the identified miRNAs revealed that 8 up-regulated miRNAs and 17 down-regulated miRNAs were screened in big crimp group and small crimp group. According to the corresponding relationship between miRNA and its target genes, simple Gene Ontology and KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis was performed on the target genes of differentially expressed miRNA. GO statistics demonstrated that the target genes were mainly involved in transmembrane signaling receptor activity, signal transducer activity, molecular transducer activity, integral component of membrane and other processes; and KEGG pathway analysis showed that 15,761 target genes were enriched in 252 signaling pathways.【Conclusion】 In this study, 25 candidate miRNAs related to wool crimp of fine wool sheep were screened out, which will provid a theoretical basis for further research on the regulatory mechanism of wool crimp.

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Effects of Sheep Myostatin Propeptide on Myoblast Differentiation DU Wei, XIA Jun, LIU Mingjun, ZHANG Yang 2021, 58(3): 581-588.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1330KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of sheep myostatin propeptide on myoblast differentiation.【Method】 Myostatin cDNA Lentivirus vector plasmid was constructed and expressed in C2C12 cell and the ability of myostatin prepeptide to infect C2C12 cells was studied.【Result】 The LV-CMV -GFP infection group showed obvious long strips of myotubes, while LV-CMV-MSTN-flag-GFP group saw only a small amount of myotubes formed. To further determine the differentiation of myoblasts, myotube fusion rate was determined. The myotube fusion rates of were 5.53%, 6.62% and 9.38% respectively in the untreated group, the control group and the test group. The fusion rate of myotubes in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the untreated group (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 The overexpression of Myostatin pro-peptide gene inhibited the expression of Myostatin gene, thus affecting the formation of myotubes and inhibiting the process of differentiation.