苜蓿饲粮对15~55日龄羔羊养分消化率、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物菌群结构的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.024

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (6): 1517-1529.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.024

苜蓿饲粮对15~55日龄羔羊养分消化率、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物菌群结构的影响

王彦¹(), 阿不夏合满·穆巴拉克¹, 陈翔宇², 秦荣艳¹, 马文彬¹, 袁岑³, 刘艳丰¹, 刘力萌¹, 王乐乐¹, 李长青⁴, 张志军¹(), 王文奇¹()

1.新疆畜牧科学院饲料研究所,乌鲁木齐 830011
2.新疆畜牧科学院,乌鲁木齐 830011
3.巴楚安欣牧业有限责任公司,新疆喀什 844000
4.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特 010031

收稿日期:2024-11-07 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-07-29
通信作者: 张志军(1985-),男,硕士研究生,副研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为反刍动物营养与饲料科学,(E-mail)249704369@qq.com;
王文奇(1979-),男,硕士研究生,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为反刍动物营养与饲料科学,(E-mail)xjslswwq@163.com
作者简介:王彦(1996-),男,新疆库尔勒人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为反刍动物营养与饲料科学,(E-mail)1308606170@qq.com
基金资助:
饲草料标准化加工技术集成(2022B02003-4)

Effects of alfalfa diet on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microflora structure of lambs aged 15 to 55 days

WANG Yan¹(), Abuxiaheman Mubalake¹, CHEN Xiangyu², QIN Rongyan¹, MA Wenbin¹, YUAN Cen³, LIU Yanfeng¹, LIU Limeng¹, WANG Lele¹, LI Changqing⁴, ZHANG Zhijun¹(), WANG Wenqi¹()

1. Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
2. Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
3. achu Anxin Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Kashgar, Xinjiang 844000, China
4. Inner Mongolia Academy, Hohhot 010031, China

Received:2024-11-07 Published:2025-06-20 Online:2025-07-29
Supported by:
Feed standard processing technology integration(2022B02003-4)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究补饲苜蓿对15~55日龄湖羊羔羊养分表观消化率、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物菌群结构的影响。【方法】试验选取48只体重(4.22±0.35) kg的第二胎次的双羔湖羊羔羊,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,分别饲喂含有10%(M₁)、20%(M₂)、30%(M₃)苜蓿的饲粮,根据羔羊饲养管理的不同将试验分为15~34日龄和35~54日龄。【结果】54日龄时,30%苜蓿组羔羊体重较其它试验组有所提高,但无显著差异(P>0.05);15~34、35~54日龄,各处理组干物质表观消化率、粗蛋白质表观消化率、中性洗涤纤维表观消化率和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率无显著差异(P>0.05);各试验组pH值无显著差异(P>0.05),10%苜蓿组NH₃-N含量显著高于20%苜蓿组组和30%苜蓿组组(P<0.05),30%苜蓿组的总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸和丁酸含量显著高于10%苜蓿组(P<0.05);10%苜蓿组的纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和果胶酶活显著高于30%苜蓿组(P<0.05);30%苜蓿组Shannon指数显著高于10%苜蓿组和20%苜蓿组(P<0.05);20%苜蓿组和30%苜蓿组的厚壁菌门丰度与10%苜蓿组相比有提升的趋势(0.05<P≤0.10),各试验组瘤胃细菌其他门水平无显著差异(P>0.05);10%苜蓿组普雷沃氏菌属丰度显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05),30%苜蓿组欧陆森氏菌属丰度显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05);20%苜蓿组瘤胃细菌胺和多胺生物合成通路数量显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05),30%苜蓿组氨酰-tRNA通路和芳香族化合物生物合成通路数量显著高于10%苜蓿组(P<0.05),30%苜蓿组代谢调节剂生物合成通路数量显著低于其他试验组(P<0.05)。【结论】15~55日龄羔羊饲粮中添加20%~30%的苜蓿为宜。

关键词: 苜蓿; 羔羊; 养分消化率; 瘤胃内环境; 瘤胃微生物菌群; 非纤维性碳水化合物

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of alfalfa supplementation on nutrient apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microflora structure of Hu lambs aged from 15 to 55 days. 【Methods】 Forty-eight second-litter double-lamb lake lambs with body weight of (4.22±0.35) kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates per group. They were fed diets containing 10% (M1), 20% (M2) and 30% (M3) alfalfa, respectively. According to the different feeding and management of lambs, the experiment was divided into 15~34 days of age and 35~54 days of age. 【Results】 The results showed as follows: At 54 days of age, the body weight of 30% alfalfa group was higher than that of other experimental groups, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05); At 15 to 34 days of age and 35 to 54 days of age, there were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber among treatment groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in pH among experimental groups (P > 0.05), NH₃-N content of 10% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that of 20% alfalfa group and 30% alfalfa group (P < 0.05), and the contents of total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid and butyric acid of 30% alfalfa group were significantly higher than those of 10% alfalfa group (P< 0.05). The activities of cellulase, xylanase and pectinase in 10% alfalfa group were significantly higher than those in 30% alfalfa group (P < 0.05); The Shannon index of 30% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that of 10% alfalfa group and 20% alfalfa group (P<0.05). The abundance of firmicutes in 20% alfalfa group and 30% alfalfa group was increased compared with 10% alfalfa group (0.05 < P≤0.10), but there were no significant differences in the levels of other rumen bacteria among experimental groups (P > 0.05). The abundance of Prevotella in 10% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that in other experimental groups (P<0.05), and the abundance of Eurosenia in 30% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that in other experimental groups (P<0.05). The number of bacterial amine and polyamine biosynthesis pathways in 20% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that in other experimental groups (P<0.05), and the number of aminoacyl-trNA pathway and aromatic compound biosynthesis pathway in 30% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that in 10% alfalfa group (P< 0.05). The number of metabolic regulator biosynthesis pathways in 30% alfalfa group was significantly lower than that in other experimental groups (P < 0.05). 【Conclusion】 According to the results, it is appropriate to add 20%-30% alfalfa in the diet of lambs aged from 15 to 55 days.

Key words: alfalfa; lamb; nutrient digestibility; rumen environment; rumen microbiota; non-fiber carbohydrates

中图分类号:

S821

王彦, 阿不夏合满·穆巴拉克, 陈翔宇, 秦荣艳, 马文彬, 袁岑, 刘艳丰, 刘力萌, 王乐乐, 李长青, 张志军, 王文奇. 苜蓿饲粮对15~55日龄羔羊养分消化率、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物菌群结构的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(6): 1517-1529.

WANG Yan, Abuxiaheman Mubalake, CHEN Xiangyu, QIN Rongyan, MA Wenbin, YUAN Cen, LIU Yanfeng, LIU Limeng, WANG Lele, LI Changqing, ZHANG Zhijun, WANG Wenqi. Effects of alfalfa diet on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microflora structure of lambs aged 15 to 55 days[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(6): 1517-1529.

图/表 14

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项目 Items	10%苜蓿组 10% alfalfa group	20%苜蓿组 20% alfalfa group	30%苜蓿组 30% alfalfa group
原料 Ingredients
玉米 Corn	49.20	42.20	35.30
麸皮 Bran	3.30	3.50	2.80
玉米淀粉 Corn Starch	4.80	4.10	4.20
豆粕 Soybean Meal	29.50	27.00	24.50
预混料¹⁾ Premix	2.50	2.50	2.50
苜蓿 Alfalfa	10.00	20.00	30.00
小苏打 Baking soda	0.20	0.20	0.20
食盐 Salt	0.50	0.50	0.50
合计 Total	100	100	100
营养水平²⁾ Ingredients	含量 Content
水分Water	5.38	5.18	4.94
粗蛋白质CP	19.58	19.62	19.56
粗脂肪EE	2.54	2.42	2.26
中性洗涤纤维NDF	19.23	23.05	26.63
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	7.43	11.14	14.78
非纤维性碳水化合物/ 中性洗涤纤维³⁾ NFC/NDF	2.87	2.20	1.76
粗灰分Ash	3.47	4.12	4.71
钙Ca	0.69	0.74	0.79
磷P	0.36	0.34	0.32
总能GE/(MJ/kg)	17.14	17.27	16.73

项目 Items	10%苜蓿组 10% alfalfa group	20%苜蓿组 20% alfalfa group	30%苜蓿组 30% alfalfa group
原料 Ingredients
玉米 Corn	49.20	42.20	35.30
麸皮 Bran	3.30	3.50	2.80
玉米淀粉 Corn Starch	4.80	4.10	4.20
豆粕 Soybean Meal	29.50	27.00	24.50
预混料¹⁾ Premix	2.50	2.50	2.50
苜蓿 Alfalfa	10.00	20.00	30.00
小苏打 Baking soda	0.20	0.20	0.20
食盐 Salt	0.50	0.50	0.50
合计 Total	100	100	100
营养水平²⁾ Ingredients	含量 Content
水分Water	5.38	5.18	4.94
粗蛋白质CP	19.58	19.62	19.56
粗脂肪EE	2.54	2.42	2.26
中性洗涤纤维NDF	19.23	23.05	26.63
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	7.43	11.14	14.78
非纤维性碳水化合物/ 中性洗涤纤维³⁾ NFC/NDF	2.87	2.20	1.76
粗灰分Ash	3.47	4.12	4.71
钙Ca	0.69	0.74	0.79
磷P	0.36	0.34	0.32
总能GE/(MJ/kg)	17.14	17.27	16.73

项目 Items	日龄 Days of age	组别Groups
项目 Items	日龄 Days of age	10%苜蓿组 10% alfalfa group	20%苜蓿组 20% alfalfa group	30%苜蓿组 30% alfalfa group	SEM	P
体重BW(kg)	15	4.80	4.92	4.76	0.153	0.810
	35	8.06	7.79	7.72	0.305	0.679
	54	11.84	12.04	12.14	0.765	0.432
平均日开食料采食量 ADSI(g/d)	15-34	67.04	59.43	63.08	6.352	0.583
	35-54	259.17	278.19	275.44	16.981	0.895
	15-54	169.18	180.10	186.81	8.934	0.587
平均日增重 ADG(g/d)	15-34	163.14^a	143.59^b	148.33^ab	5.658	0.046
	35-54	189.14	212.53	220.68	6.295	0.668
	15-54	175.46	178.00	185.68	6.897	0.683

项目 Items	日龄 Days of age	组别Groups
项目 Items	日龄 Days of age	10%苜蓿组 10% alfalfa group	20%苜蓿组 20% alfalfa group	30%苜蓿组 30% alfalfa group	SEM	P
体重BW(kg)	15	4.80	4.92	4.76	0.153	0.810
	35	8.06	7.79	7.72	0.305	0.679
	54	11.84	12.04	12.14	0.765	0.432
平均日开食料采食量 ADSI(g/d)	15-34	67.04	59.43	63.08	6.352	0.583
	35-54	259.17	278.19	275.44	16.981	0.895
	15-54	169.18	180.10	186.81	8.934	0.587
平均日增重 ADG(g/d)	15-34	163.14^a	143.59^b	148.33^ab	5.658	0.046
	35-54	189.14	212.53	220.68	6.295	0.668
	15-54	175.46	178.00	185.68	6.897	0.683

项目 Items	10%苜蓿组 10% alfalfa group	20%苜蓿组 20% alfalfa group	30%苜蓿组 30% alfalfa group	SEM	P
15~34日龄羔羊养分表观消化率 Nutrient apparent digestibility of lambs aged 15 to 34 days
干物质DM	75.82	79.25	68.27	2.180	0.158
粗蛋白质CP	73.95	74.03	65.49	2.872	0.154
粗脂肪EE	68.78	64.31	63.00	1.927	0.669
中性洗涤纤维NDF	53.25	56.64	52.70	2.541	0.839
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	41.04	47.08	43.23	1.086	0.533
35~54日龄羔羊养分表观消化率 Nutrient apparent digestibility of lambs aged 15 to 34 days
干物质DM	80.60	80.54	77.69	0.715	0.987
粗蛋白质CP	75.53	76.00	69.28	1.255	0.754
粗脂肪EE	72.07	73.27	68.49	2.081	0.810
中性洗涤纤维NDF	55.07	60.29	55.70	1.186	0.757
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	42.96	49.83	44.00	1.923	0.644

苜蓿饲粮对15~55日龄羔羊养分消化率、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物菌群结构的影响

Effects of alfalfa diet on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microflora structure of lambs aged 15 to 55 days

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Metrics

项目 Items	10%苜蓿组 10% alfalfa group	20%苜蓿组 20% alfalfa group	30%苜蓿组 30% alfalfa group	SEM	P
pH值pH value	6.81	6.69	6.76	0.030	0.314
氨态氮含量 Ammonia nitrogen content(mg/dL)	33.78^a	30.20^b	29.55^b	0.762	0.033
乳酸浓度 Lactic acid concentration	1.61	2.49	2.32	0.183	0.057
乙酸浓度 Acetic acid concentration	23.65^b	39.64^ab	44.79^a	3.774	0.043
丙酸浓度 Propionic acid concentration	11.53	17.06	18.43	1.628	0.194
丁酸浓度 Butyric acid concentration	2.87^b	4.20^ab	5.45^a	0.444	0.026
异丁酸浓度 Isobutyric acid concentration	0.85^b	0.96^b	1.79^a	0.177	0.040
戊酸浓度 Valerate concentration	0.82	1.50	1.20	0.178	0.320
异戊酸浓度 Isovalerate concentration	0.36^b	0.43^b	1.07^a	0.125	0.019
总挥发性脂肪酸浓度 Total volatile fatty acid concentration	40.08^b	65.14^ab	74.19^a	6.545	0.073
乙酸/丙酸 Acetate/propionic acid	2.07	2.39	2.45	0.122	0.417

项目 Items	10%苜蓿组 10% alfalfa group	20%苜蓿组 20% alfalfa group	30%苜蓿组 30% alfalfa group	SEM	P
纤维素酶cellulase	43.68^a	37.11^ab	30.38^b	2.245	0.033
木聚糖酶xylanase	180.48^a	136.08^b	122.63^b	8.090	0.001
果糖酶fructosidase	191.37^a	167.69^b	155.64^b	5.703	0.014

项目 Items	10%苜蓿组 10% alfalfa group	20%苜蓿组 20% alfalfa group	30%苜蓿组 30% alfalfa group	SEM	P
chao 1指数chao 1 Index	1 466.24	1 341.85	1 647.90	70.201	0.212
Observed_species指数 Observed_species index	1 372.425	1 251.83	1 550.40	66.35	0.188
香农指数Shannon index	6.87^b	6.78^b	7.59^a	0.157	0.049
辛普森指数Simpson index	0.96	0.96	0.98	0.005	0.162

项目 Items	10%苜蓿组 10% alfalfa group	20%苜蓿组 20% alfalfa group	30%苜蓿组 30% alfalfa group	SEM	P
厚壁菌门Firmicutes	34.53	49.13	51.92	3.49	0.082
拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes	52.23	28.31	35.14	5.03	0.135
放线菌门Actinobacteria	6.95	7.62	8.53	1.91	0.956
螺旋体门Spirochaetes	4.27	8.92	0.63	1.57	0.082
变形菌门Proteobacteria	0.88	4.01	1.10	1.01	0.411
软壁菌门Phylum Tenericutes	0.12	0.67	1.64	0.37	0.259
蓝藻菌门Cyanobacteria	0.06	0.02	0.08	0.03	0.697
Saccharibacteria菌门TM7	0.05	0.02	0.08	0.01	0.243
纤维杆菌门Fibrobacteres	0.04	0.05	0.02	0.01	0.727
疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia	0.06	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.302
其他Others	0.83	1.23	0.80	0.18	0.607

项目 Items	10%苜蓿组 10% alfalfa group	20%苜蓿组 20% alfalfa group	30%苜蓿组 30% alfalfa group	SEM	P
普雷沃氏菌属Prevotella	47.13^a	23.85^b	14.81^b	5.33	0.022
夏普氏菌属Sharpea	5.45	2.38	5.53	2.02	0.807
Sphaerochaeta Sphaerochaeta	3.99	8.69	0.50	1.55	0.083
丁酸弧菌属Butyrivibrio	1.06	3.47	3.91	0.91	0.439
乳酸杆菌属Lachnobacterium	1.06	6.20	0.37	2.04	0.492
月形单胞菌属Selenomonas	3.63	3.73	0.13	0.77	0.083
瘤胃球菌属Ruminococcus	1.11	3.71	2.53	0.62	0.256
双歧杆菌属Bifidobacterium	1.28	3.93	0.59	0.68	0.103
戴阿利斯特杆菌属Dialister	3.60	0.83	1.27	0.64	0.169
欧陆森氏菌属Olsenella	0.38^b	0.97^b	3.27^a	0.48	0.022
其他Others	31.31^b	42.26^b	67.10^a	5.77	0.016

项目 Items	10%苜蓿组 10% alfalfa group	20%苜蓿组 20% alfalfa group	30%苜蓿组 30% alfalfa group	SEM	P
胺和多胺生物合成通路 Amine and Polyamine Biosynthesis	821.79^b	1 072.22^a	341.71^c	99.40	0.014
氨基酸生物合成通路 Amino Acid Biosynthesis	40 372.31	43 280.14	39 416.71	910.49	0.215
氨酰-tRNA通路 Aminoacyl-tRNA Charging	1 702.84^b	1 738.74^ab	1 794.95^a	14.68	0.027
芳香族化合物生物合成通路 Aromatic Compound Biosynthesis	3 348.66^b	3 562.47^a	3 622.01^a	46.78	0.022
碳水化合物生物合成通路 Carbohydrate Biosynthesis	14 548.19	13 832.12	14 456.10	241.33	0.465
细胞结构生物合成通路 Cell Structure Biosynthesis	10 491.28	10 500.45	10 656.75	143.55	0.898
辅因子、辅基、电子载体与维生素生物合成通路 Cofactor, Prosthetic Group, Electron Carrier, and Vitamin Biosynthesis	27 293.31	27 125.87	26 196.29	653.79	0.803
脂肪酸和脂质生物合成通路 Fatty Acid and Lipid Biosynthesis	16 137.19	17 862.40	19 017.54	948.44	0.507
代谢调节剂生物合成通路 Metabolic Regulator Biosynthesis	38.41^a	27.91^a	10.41^b	4.26	0.014
核苷和核苷酸生物合成通路 Nucleoside and Nucleotide Biosynthesis	36 155.51	34 677.97	37 982.22	726.95	0.348

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