自然覆雪对5个不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿越冬率及抗寒性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究田间有无覆雪对不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿抗寒性能及越冬率的影响。【方法】选择秋眠型(1、3级)、半秋眠型(5级)及非秋眠型(7、9级)紫花苜蓿,从秋季至翌年春季无积雪和自然降雪条件下,分析苜蓿根系可溶性糖(WSC)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)含量以及越冬率。【结果】无积雪覆盖下,苜蓿根冠处平均温度最低达-20.74℃,土壤表层20 cm在-5~-10℃波动;覆雪下,苜蓿根冠处最低温度为-7.89℃,土壤表层20 cm处温度在大部分时间保持在-3℃以上,覆雪能提高苜蓿根冠及地表温度。无积雪覆盖下,半秋眠型以及非秋眠型苜蓿越冬率显著低于秋眠型苜蓿(P<0.05),随着自然降雪,各秋眠级苜蓿越冬率较无覆雪显著提高(P<0.05),半秋眠型以及非秋眠型(7级)苜蓿越冬率升高至85%以上,覆雪能显著提高高秋眠级苜蓿的越冬率(P<0.05)。根系保护物质含量随气温的降低而升高,且在冬季保持较高的水平,覆雪下各秋眠级苜蓿根系WSC、SP、Pro、SOD和POD含量高于无覆雪,MDA含量低于无覆雪条件,积雪能显著提高各秋眠级苜蓿的抗寒性(P<0.05)。【结论】覆雪能显著提高高秋眠级苜蓿的抗寒性及越冬率,适宜在石河子地区种植的苜蓿为肇东和中苜2号(1、3级)。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿; 秋眠性; 越冬率; 抗寒性

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effect of snow cover on cold resistance and winter surviving rate of different fall dormancy alfalfa. 【Methods】 The contents of WSC,SP,Pro,MDA,SOD and POD in alfalfa roots and their overwintering rate were measured from autumn to next spring without snow and natural snowfall and winter surviving rate. 【Results】 Under no-snow cover,the lowest average temperature of alfalfa root canopy was -20.74 ℃,and 20 cm of soil fluctuated between -5 and -10℃;under snow cover,the lowest temperature of alfalfa canopy was -7.89℃,and the temperature of 20 cm of soil kept above -3℃ during most of the measurement period,which indicated that snow cover could improve the temperature of alfalfa canopy and soil. Under no snow cover, the winter surviving rate of semi-fall dormancy and non- fall dormancy alfalfa was significantly lower than that of fall dormancy alfalfa(P<0.05). the winter survival rate of semi-fall dormancy and non-fall dormancy (grade 7) alfalfa increased more than 85%,which indicated that the winter survival rate of high fall dormancy alfalfa could be significantly increased by covering snow(P<0.05). The content of root protective substance increased with the decrease of air temperature, and maintained at a high level in winter. The contents of WSC,SP,Pro,MDA,SOD and POD in the roots of fall dormancy alfalfa were higher than those of no snow covering kinds,and the content of MDA was lower than that of no snow covering kinds. Snow could significantly improve the cold resistance of fall dormant alfalfa(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 It can be concluded that covering snow can significantly improve the cold resistance and winter surviving rate of high fall dormancy alfalfa, and the suitable planting alfalfa in Shihezi area is Zhaodong and Zhongmu No.2 (grade 1 and 3).

Key words: alfalfa; fall dormancy; overwintering rate; cold resistance

中图分类号:

S541.9

苏力合, 张凡凡, 王旭哲, 宋磊, 俞雪, 贺婷婷, 马春晖. 自然覆雪对5个不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿越冬率及抗寒性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(11): 2122-2132.

SU Lihe, ZHANG Fanfan, WANG Xuzhe, SONG Lei, YU Xue, HE Tingting, MA Chunhui. Effects of Natural Snow Cover on Winter Survival Rate and Cold Resistance of Five Different Fall Dormancy Alfalfa[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(11): 2122-2132.

图/表 11

参考文献 23

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品种 Variety	秋眠级 FD rate	秋眠类型 FD type	种子来源 Seed sources
肇东 Zhaodong	1	秋眠型	黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所
中苜2号 Zhongmu2	3	秋眠型	中国农科院北京畜牧研究所
Archer	5	半秋眠型	蓝德雷(北京)贸易有限公司
渝苜1号 Yumu1	7	非秋眠型	西南大学
WL903	9	非秋眠型	北京正道生态科技有限公司

品种 Variety	秋眠级 FD rate	秋眠类型 FD type	种子来源 Seed sources
肇东 Zhaodong	1	秋眠型	黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所
中苜2号 Zhongmu2	3	秋眠型	中国农科院北京畜牧研究所
Archer	5	半秋眠型	蓝德雷(北京)贸易有限公司
渝苜1号 Yumu1	7	非秋眠型	西南大学
WL903	9	非秋眠型	北京正道生态科技有限公司

品种 Variety	覆雪处理 Snow depth	采样期 Year-month
品种 Variety	覆雪处理 Snow depth	2019年9月	2019年10月	2019年11月	2019年12月	2020年1月	2020年5月
肇东	无覆雪	8.84±0.15^d	24.96±1.91^a	21.79±0.81^b	22.32±1.47^b	16.03±0.83^c	10.12±0.58^d
Zhaodong	自然降雪	8.84±0.15^e	24.96±1.91^b	30.85±2.00^a	26.42±1.56^b	21.81±1.62^c	12.48±1.03^d
中苜2号	无覆雪	8.85±0.21^f	25.43±0.87^a	23.62±1.89^b	15.58±0.76^d	20.31±0.90^c	10.00±0.48^e
Zhongmu2	自然降雪	8.85±0.21^e	25.43±0.87^ab	26.06±0.58^a	24.80±0.60^b	16.28±0.91^c	11.86±0.39^d
Archer	无覆雪	8.93±0.02^e	18.69±0.64^b	17.69±0.94^b	24.98±1.13^a	14.23±1.22^c	9.30±0.72^d
	自然降雪	8.93±0.02^e	18.69±0.64^c	26.98±0.30^b	29.65±1.13^a	17.16±1.38^d	12.30±0.68^e
渝苜1号	无覆雪	7.82±0.47^e	19.80±1.85^b	15.93±1.22^c	24.50±1.23^a	12.72±0.73^d	11.29±0.50^d
Yumu1	自然降雪	7.82±0.47^d	19.80±1.85^b	26.70±0.39^a	27.18±0.85^a	13.48±0.42^c	12.26±1.46^c
WL903	无覆雪	7.99±0.32^f	19.49±0.67^c	27.77±0.25^a	23.19±0.45^b	14.91±0.91^d	9.50±0.15^e
	自然降雪	7.99±0.32^e	19.49±0.67^c	30.98±0.99^a	25.39±0.39^b	17.62±0.99^c	11.47±0.75^d

品种 Variety	覆雪处理 Snow depth	采样期 Year-month
品种 Variety	覆雪处理 Snow depth	2019年9月	2019年10月	2019年11月	2019年12月	2020年1月	2020年5月
肇东	无覆雪	8.84±0.15^d	24.96±1.91^a	21.79±0.81^b	22.32±1.47^b	16.03±0.83^c	10.12±0.58^d
Zhaodong	自然降雪	8.84±0.15^e	24.96±1.91^b	30.85±2.00^a	26.42±1.56^b	21.81±1.62^c	12.48±1.03^d
中苜2号	无覆雪	8.85±0.21^f	25.43±0.87^a	23.62±1.89^b	15.58±0.76^d	20.31±0.90^c	10.00±0.48^e
Zhongmu2	自然降雪	8.85±0.21^e	25.43±0.87^ab	26.06±0.58^a	24.80±0.60^b	16.28±0.91^c	11.86±0.39^d
Archer	无覆雪	8.93±0.02^e	18.69±0.64^b	17.69±0.94^b	24.98±1.13^a	14.23±1.22^c	9.30±0.72^d
	自然降雪	8.93±0.02^e	18.69±0.64^c	26.98±0.30^b	29.65±1.13^a	17.16±1.38^d	12.30±0.68^e
渝苜1号	无覆雪	7.82±0.47^e	19.80±1.85^b	15.93±1.22^c	24.50±1.23^a	12.72±0.73^d	11.29±0.50^d
Yumu1	自然降雪	7.82±0.47^d	19.80±1.85^b	26.70±0.39^a	27.18±0.85^a	13.48±0.42^c	12.26±1.46^c
WL903	无覆雪	7.99±0.32^f	19.49±0.67^c	27.77±0.25^a	23.19±0.45^b	14.91±0.91^d	9.50±0.15^e
	自然降雪	7.99±0.32^e	19.49±0.67^c	30.98±0.99^a	25.39±0.39^b	17.62±0.99^c	11.47±0.75^d

品种 Variety	覆雪处理 Snow depth	采样期 Year-month
品种 Variety	覆雪处理 Snow depth	2019年9月	2019年10月	2019年11月	2019年12月	2020年1月	2020年5月
肇东	无覆雪	6.32±0.33^d	7.72±0.35^c	15.12±1.34^a	10.88±1.27^b	7.23±0.21^cd	2.66±0.64^e
Zhaodong	自然降雪	6.32±0.33^de	7.72±0.35^d	18.55±0.89^a	14.44±1.45^b	11.83±1.14^c	5.27±0.85^e
中苜2号	无覆雪	2.60±0.21^d	6.00±0.65^c	16.09±1.49^a	9.27±0.21^b	7.97±1.30^b	2.90±1.12^d
Zhongmu2	自然降雪	2.60±0.21^d	6.00±0.65^c	14.23±1.55^a	11.56±0.83^b	10.65±0.65^b	3.86±1.05^d
Archer	无覆雪	5.15±0.40^d	6.02±0.72^cd	14.40±1.49^a	12.71±0.66^b	7.38±0.52^c	4.72±1.29^d
	自然降雪	5.15±0.40^de	6.02±0.72^d	18.72±0.82^a	14.41±0.85^b	9.14±0.96^c	4.12±0.43^e
渝苜1号	无覆雪	4.96±0.53^cd	6.84±0.68^b	14.25±1.25^a	12.75±0.59^a	6.18±0.41^bc	3.95±1.38^d
Yumu1	自然降雪	4.96±0.53^e	6.84±0.68^d	17.80±1.55^a	13.59±1.32^b	8.77±0.66^c	4.62±0.74^e
WL903	无覆雪	5.60±0.48^b	6.63±0.45^b	12.07±3.59^a	10.67±1.15^a	6.53±0.44^b	5.07±0.31^b
	自然降雪	5.60±0.48^e	6.63±0.45^e	18.71±2.40^a	13.73±0.39^b	10.61±1.50^c	8.76±0.30^d