锌肥随水滴施对新疆绿洲棉田土壤养分的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (6): 1308-1317.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.002

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

锌肥随水滴施对新疆绿洲棉田土壤养分的影响

李全胜¹^,²(), 高志建¹^,², 于航³, 王国栋¹^,², 刘瑜¹^,²()

1.新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所,新疆石河子 832000
2.农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室/水肥资源高效利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000
3.新疆农垦科学院科研管理处,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2024-11-10 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-07-29
通信作者: 刘瑜(1985-),女,新疆托克逊人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为植物营养,(E-mail)shzliuyu@163.com
作者简介:李全胜(1986-),男,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为土壤改良与培肥,(E-mail)moucheng2005@126.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团区域创新引导计划(2021BB019);兵团英才支持计划青年项目(2024)

Effects of zinc fertilizer on soil nutrients in oasis cotton fields in Xinjiang

LI Quan sheng¹^,²(), GAO Zhi jian¹^,², YU Hang³, WANG Guo dong¹^,², LIU Yu¹^,²()

1. Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil-fertilizer, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
2. Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Eficient Utilization of Water and Fertilizer, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
3. Scientific Research and Management Office, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China

Received:2024-11-10 Published:2025-06-20 Online:2025-07-29
Supported by:
Xinjiang Production and constraction Corps Regional Innovation Guidance Program(2021BB019);Corps Talent Support Program Youth Project(2024)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究随水滴施锌肥对棉田土壤养分的影响,为指导锌肥随水滴灌施用提供理论依据。【方法】设置田间小区试验,在棉花生育期设置随水滴施不同用量锌肥处理,分别为0 kg/hm²(CK)、7.5 kg/hm²(Zn1)、15 kg/hm²(Zn2)、22.5 kg/hm²(Zn3)、30 kg/hm²(Zn4)、37.5 kg/hm²(Zn5)、45 kg/hm²(Zn6),分析不同锌肥滴施用量条件0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤中主要养分含量的变化特征。【结果】随着锌肥施用量的增加,0~20 cm土层有效锌含量呈逐渐增加趋势,20~40 cm土层呈波动变化;同不施锌肥相比,锌肥施用降低了0~20 cm和20~40 cm棉田土壤pH值,并提高碱解氮、有效磷含量,其中碱解氮、有效磷含量均在Zn3处理时含量最高,分别为84.16和84.68 g/kg、31.93和30.40 g/kg;0~20 cm和20~40 cm棉田土壤速效钾、有效铁含量随着锌肥施用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,并且均在Zn4处理时含量最高,为548.33和552.00 g/kg、10.35和10.55 mg/kg;0~20 cm和20~40 cm棉田土壤有效锰和交换性镁随着锌肥施用量的增加呈逐渐增加的趋势,并且均在Zn6处理时含量最高,分别为5.0和5.0 mg/kg、4.48和4.48 mg/kg。【结论】不同锌肥用量试验,当硫酸锌滴施量为22.5~30.0 kg/hm²时,土壤pH值下降,碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效锌、有效铁含量均处于较高值,有效锰、交换性镁则在锌滴施量为45 kg/hm²时,含量最高,滴施锌肥对提升新疆绿洲棉田灌耕灰漠土的土壤肥力有正向的作用。

关键词: 锌肥; 随水滴施; 棉花; 土壤养分; 微量元素

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effect of zinc fertilizer application through drip irrigation on soil nutrients in cotton field, and to provide theoretical basis for guiding the application of zinc fertilizer with water drip irrigation. 【Methods】 Through field plot experiment, different amounts of zinc fertilizer were applied with water drop during cotton growth period. They are 0 kg/hm² (CK), 7.5 kg/hm² (Zn1), 15 kg/hm² (Zn2), 22.5 kg/hm² (Zn3), 30 kg/hm² (Zn4), 37.5 kg/hm² (Zn5), 45 kg/hm² (Zn6), respectively. The change characteristics of main nutrient contents in soil of 0-20 cm and 20- 40 cm under different application rates of zinc fertilizer were studied. 【Results】 With the increase of zinc fertilizer application amount, the available zinc content in 0-20 cm soil layer showed a gradual increase trend, and showed a fluctuation in 20-40 cm soil layer. Compared with no application of zinc fertilizer, the application of zinc fertilizer decreased the soil pH of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm cotton field, and increased the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus were the highest under Zn3 treatment, which were 84.16 and 84.68 g/kg, 31.93 and 30.40 g/kg, respectively. The contents of available potassium and iron in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm cotton soil increased first and then decreased with the increase of zinc fertilizer application, and the highest contents were 548.33 and 552.00 g/kg, 10.35 and 10.55 mg/kg under Zn4 treatment. The available manganese and exchangeable magnesium in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm cotton soil increased gradually with the increase of zinc fertilizer application, and the highest contents were 5.0 and 5.0 mg/kg, 4.48 and 4.48mg/kg under Zn6 treatment, respectively. To sum up, in the experiment of different zinc fertilizer dosage, soil pH value decreased when the drop application of zinc sulfate was 22.5-30.0 kg/hm², and the contents of alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available zinc and available iron were all at a high value, while the contents of available manganese and exchangeable magnesium were the highest when the drop application of zinc was 45 kg/hm². 【Conclusion】 Zinc fertilizer had a positive effect on soil fertility of irrigated grey desert soil in Xinjiang oasis.

Key words: zinc fertilizer; application through drip irrigation; cotton; soil nutrients; trace element

中图分类号:

S153

李全胜, 高志建, 于航, 王国栋, 刘瑜. 锌肥随水滴施对新疆绿洲棉田土壤养分的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(6): 1308-1317.

LI Quan sheng, GAO Zhi jian, YU Hang, WANG Guo dong, LIU Yu. Effects of zinc fertilizer on soil nutrients in oasis cotton fields in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(6): 1308-1317.

图/表 11

表1 试验小区锌肥施用量及施用时间

Tab.1 Application amount and time of zinc fertilizer in experimental plot

处理 Treatments	硫酸锌Zinc sulfate(kg/hm²)			共计 (kg/hm²)
处理 Treatments	6月8日	6月27日	7月10日	共计 (kg/hm²)
CK	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zn1	1.5	3.0	3.0	7.5
Zn2	3.0	6.0	6.0	15.0
Zn3	4.5	9.0	9.0	22.5
Zn4	6.0	12.0	12.0	30.0
Zn5	7.5	15.0	15.0	37.5
Zn6	9.0	18.0	18.0	45.0

图1 不同用量锌肥下土壤pH值的变化注:不同土层的柱上不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05),下同

Fig.1 Changes of different zinc application amounts on pH value Notes: Columns with different letters above them in different soil layer indicate significant different at 0. 05 leves,the same as below

图2 不同用量锌肥下土壤EC值的变化

Fig.2 Changes of different zinc application amounts on EC value

图3 不同用量锌肥下土壤碱解氮的变化

Fig.3 Changes of different zinc application amounts on alkaline nitrogen

图4 不同用量锌肥下土壤有效磷的变化

Fig.4 Changes of different zinc application amounts on alkaline phosphorus

图5 不同用量锌肥下土壤速效钾的变化

Fig.5 Chanes of different zinc application amounts on alkaline potassium

图6 不同用量锌肥下土壤有效锌的变化

Fig.6 Changes of different zinc application amounts on alkaline zinc

图7 不同用量锌肥下土壤有效铁的变化

Fig.7 Changes of different zinc application amounts on alkaline iron

图8 不同用量锌肥下土壤有效锰的变化

Fig.8 Changes of different zinc application amounts on alkaline manganese

图9 不同用量锌肥下土壤交换性镁的变化

Fig.9 Changes of different zinc application amounts on exchangeable magnesium

图10 锌肥施用量与棉田土壤理化性质相关性注:ZMT 锌肥用量、AN 碱解氮、AP 有效磷、AK速效钾、EC电导率、AZ 有效锌、AF 有效铁、AM 有效锰、EM 交换性镁;*、**、***分别表示相关性显著水平为0.05、0.01、0.001

Fig.10 Correlation between zinc fertilizer application rate and physicochemical properties of cotton field soil Notes:Ainc application amounts (ZMT)、alkaline nitrogen (AN)、alkaline phosphorus (AP)、alkaline potassium (AK)、EC电导率、alkaline zinc (AZ)、alkaline iron (AF)、alkaline manganese (AM)、exchangeable magnesium (EM), *, ** and *** indicated that the correlation significance level was 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively

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锌肥随水滴施对新疆绿洲棉田土壤养分的影响

Effects of zinc fertilizer on soil nutrients in oasis cotton fields in Xinjiang

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