不同干旱胁迫对野生山杏和人工栽培山杏品种根茎叶解剖结构的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.11.009

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (11): 2684-2692.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.11.009

• 种质资源·分子遗传学·生理生化·微生物 • 上一篇下一篇

不同干旱胁迫对野生山杏和人工栽培山杏品种根茎叶解剖结构的影响

程云霞¹(), 谭占明¹(), 郭玲¹, 李雯雯², 杜佳庚¹

1.塔里木大学园艺与林学学院/南疆设施农业兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2024-05-15 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2025-01-08
通信作者: 谭占明(1991-),男,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为设施园艺植物栽培与抗逆生理,(E-mail)tlmdxtzm@taru.edu.cn
作者简介:程云霞(1996-),女,新疆石河子人,讲师,研究方向为设施园艺植物栽培与生理生态,(E-mail)chengyunxia2018@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“新疆帕米尔高原杏自交不亲和S-RNase和SFB基因适应性变异机制研究”(32160694);国家重点研发计划子课题“基于DNA条形码和RAD-Seq/SNP的新疆杏种质的遗传多样性及其起源演化研究”(2019YFD1000602-2);新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护与利用重点实验室开放课题资助项目(BRYB1704);新疆蔬菜产业技术体系(XJARS-07)

Effects of different drought stresses on anatomical structure of roots, stems and leaves of two apricot varieties

CHENG Yunxia¹(), TAN Zhanming¹(), GUO Ling¹, LI Wenwen², DU Jiageng¹

1. Collage of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University/South Xinjiang Facility Agriculture Brigade Key Laboratory, Aral Xinjiang 843300,China
2. Collage of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2024-05-15 Published:2024-11-20 Online:2025-01-08
Supported by:
Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China "Mechanism of Adaptive Variation of S-RNase and SFB genes in the Pamir Plateau of Xinjiang(32160694);National Key R & D Sub-Project "Study on the Genetic Diversity and the Origin and Evolution of Xinjiang Apricot Germplasm Based on DNA-Barcode and RAD-Seq/SNP"(2019YFD1000602-2);Open-up Project Funding Project of the Key Laboratory of Tarim Basin Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of XPCC(BRYB1704);Xinjiang vegetable industry technical system(XJARS-07)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析不同干旱胁迫处理下,野生山杏和人工栽培山杏品种根茎叶解剖结构的变化,为筛选出耐旱性强的优良杏品种提供依据。【方法】以1年生人工栽培山杏与野生山杏实生苗为材料,采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)人工模拟干旱,并用光学显微镜观察其根茎叶的解剖结构。【结果】随着干旱胁迫的增加,野生山杏和人工栽培杏茎髓直径均呈下降趋势,且结构紧密、发达,而木质部厚度则呈上升趋势。其中,野生山杏品种茎的木质部厚度大于人工栽培山杏品种,髓直径小于人工栽培山杏品种,野生山杏髓发达程度高于人工栽培山杏品种。随着干旱胁迫的增强,叶片上表皮、下表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度显著减小,角质层厚度显著增加。其中,野生山杏品种角质层、栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度大于人工栽培山杏,叶片上表皮、下表皮小于人工栽培山杏品种。野生山杏品种的对干旱胁迫的适应能力综合得分高于人工栽培山杏。【结论】杏根茎叶结构适应特征的变化均与干旱胁迫相关,植株根据水分亏缺程度调整根茎叶结构以维持生存和生长,干旱胁迫下野生山杏品种较人工栽培山杏具有较强的适应性。

关键词: 野生山杏; 人工栽培山杏; 干旱胁迫; 根; 茎; 叶; 解剖结构

Abstract:

【Objective】 To treat the wild apricot varieties and cultivated varieties by simulating different degrees of drought stress, in order to provide a basis for screening out the excellent varieties with strong drought tolerance.【Methods】 One-year-old artificially cultivated apricot seedlings and wild cultivated apricot seedlings in southern Xinjiang were used as materials, and polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) was used to artificially simulate drought, and the anatomical structures of roots, stems and leaves were observed by optical microscope.【Results】 The results showed that with the increase of drought stress, the diameter of stem pith of wild apricot and cultivated apricot showed a decreasing trend, and the structure was compact and developed, while the thickness of xylem showed an increasing trend. Among them, the thickness of the xylem of the stem of the wild variety was larger than that of the cultivated variety, and the diameter of the pith was smaller than that of the cultivated variety. With the increase of drought stress, the thickness of leaf upper epidermis, lower epidermis, palisade tissue and spongy tissue decreased significantly, and the thickness of cuticle increased significantly. Among them, the thickness of cuticle, palisade tissue and spongy tissue of wild varieties were larger than those of cultivated varieties, and the upper and lower epidermis of leaves were smaller than those of cultivated varieties. And through the principal component analysis, it was concluded that the comprehensive score of the wild variety's adaptability to drought stress was higher than that of the artificial cultivated variety.【Conclusion】 The changes of apricot root, stem and leaf structure are the adaptive characteristics of apricot to cope with drought stress. The plant adjusts the root, stem and leaf structure according to the degrees of water deficit to maintain survival and growth. The wild varieties have strong adaptability to drought stress than the cultivated varieties

Key words: wild apricot; artificial cultivation of mountain apricots; drought stress; root; stem; leaf; anatomical structure

中图分类号:

S662.2

程云霞, 谭占明, 郭玲, 李雯雯, 杜佳庚. 不同干旱胁迫对野生山杏和人工栽培山杏品种根茎叶解剖结构的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(11): 2684-2692.

CHENG Yunxia, TAN Zhanming, GUO Ling, LI Wenwen, DU Jiageng. Effects of different drought stresses on anatomical structure of roots, stems and leaves of two apricot varieties[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(11): 2684-2692.

图/表 13

图1 干旱胁迫下2个杏品种髓直径的变化注:误差线上方的不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),下同

Fig.1 Changes of drought stress on pith diameter of two apricot cultivars Notes:The different letters above the error line show significant differences,the same as below

图2 干旱胁迫下2个杏品种木质部厚度的变化

Fig.2 Changes of drought stress on xylem thickness of two apricot cultivars

图3 干旱胁迫下2个杏品种韧皮部厚度的变化

Fig.3 Changes of drought stress on phloem thickness of two apricot varieties

图4 干旱胁迫下2个杏品种角质层厚度的变化

Fig.4 Changes of drought stress on cuticle thickness of two apricot cultivars

图5 干旱胁迫下2个杏品种上表皮厚度的变化

Fig.5 Changes of drought stress on the epidermis thickness of two apricot cultivars

图6 干旱胁迫下2个杏品种下表皮厚度的变化

Fig.6 Changes of drought stress on the thickness of lower epidermis of two apricot cultivars

图7 干旱胁迫下2个杏品种栅栏组织厚度的变化

Fig.7 Changes of drought stress on the thickness of palisade tissue of two apricot varieties

图8 干旱胁迫下2个杏品种海绵组织厚度的变化

Fig.8 Changes of drought stress on the thickness of sponge tissue in two apricot varieties

图9 干旱胁迫下2个杏品种茎解剖结构的变化注:R(1)人工栽培山杏正常生长;R(2)人工栽培山杏干旱胁迫下生长;Y(1)野生山杏正常生长;Y(2)野生山杏干旱胁迫下生长,下同;x-木质部;ph-韧皮部;m-髓,下同

Fig.9 Changes of stem anatomy of two apricot cultivars under drought stress Notes:R(1)The cultivated varieties grew normally;R(2) The cultivated varieties grew under drought stress;Y(1) The wild variety grows normally;Y(2) Wild varieties grow under drought stress;x-Xylem;ph-Phloem;m-Marrow,the same as below

图10 干旱胁迫下2个杏品种茎解剖结构的变化注:R(1)人工栽培山杏正常生长;R(2)人工栽培山杏干旱胁迫下生长;Y(1)野生山杏正常生长;Y(2)野生山杏干旱胁迫下生长;e—表皮;p—栅栏组织;s—海绵组织,下同

Fig.10 Changes of stem anatomy of two apricot varieties under drought stress Notes:R(1)The cultivated varieties grew normally;R(2) The cultivated varieties grew under drought stress;Y(1) The wild variety grows normally;Y(2) Wild varieties grow under drought stress;e-Epidermic structure;p-Palisade;cell;s-Spongy tissue;the same as below,the same as below

图11 干旱胁迫下2个杏品种根解剖结构的变化

Fig.11 Changes of root anatomy of two apricot varieties under drought stress

图12 PCA主成分注(Notes):1.RCK;2.R5%;3.R10%;4.R15%;5.YCK;6.Y5%;7.Y10%;8.Y15%;B.髓部(medulla);C.木质部(xylem);D.韧皮部(phloem);E.上表皮(upper epidermis);F.下表皮(Lower epidermis);G.角质层(cuticle);H.栅栏组织(fence organization);I.海绵组织(spongy tissue)

Fig.12 PCA principal component analysis diagram

表1 不同处理2个杏品种综合得分及抗旱性综合排名

Tab.1 Comprehensive scores and comprehensive ranking of drought resistance of two apricot varieties with different treatments

种类 Type	第一主成分得分 First principal component score	第二主成分得分 Second principal component score	第三主成分得分 Third principal component score	综合得分 Compre- hensive score	综合排名 Compre- hensive ranking
RCK	-7.86	-1.13	1.29	-5.28	8
R5%	-2.83	1.25	0.76	-1.61	6
R10%	0.66	0.2	0.66	0.56	4
R15%	4.21	2.11	0.23	3.18	2
YCK	-4.99	0.17	-2.11	-3.6	7
Y5%	-0.98	-0.15	-0.73	-0.78	5
Y10%	3.78	-1.46	-0.07	2.31	3
Y15%	8.02	-0.99	-0.04	5.23	1

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不同干旱胁迫对野生山杏和人工栽培山杏品种根茎叶解剖结构的影响

Effects of different drought stresses on anatomical structure of roots, stems and leaves of two apricot varieties

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[1]	孙健博, 吴莉莉, 贾尊尊, 叶晓琴, 丁新华, 付开赟, 吐尔逊·阿合买提, 王哲, 李亚文, 付文君, 艾尔肯娜依·买买提江, 安尼瓦尔·库尔班, 郭文超. 新疆伊犁河谷玉米主要害虫田间一喷多防药效评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(S1): 12-18.
[2]	张帅, 高国文, 吴莉莉, 赵海燕, 王小武, 付开赟, 贾尊尊, 吐尔逊·阿合买提, 丁新华, 李克梅, 郭文超. 增效剂及微肥与种衣剂协同施用评价玉米茎腐病的防效[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(S1): 19-27.
[3]	袁梓涵, 赵雯慧, 王小武, 吐尔逊·阿合买提, 丁新华, 张帅, 付开赟, 贾尊尊, 郭文超. 玉米茎腐病生防菌的筛选及生防效果评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(S1): 35-48.
[4]	李永泰, 高阿香, 李艳军, 张新宇. 脱叶剂对不同敏感性棉花品种生理特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2094-2102.
[5]	曾婉盈, 耿洪伟, 程宇坤, 李思忠, 钱松廷, 高卫时, 张立明. 甜菜品系叶丛快速生长期抗旱性综合评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2140-2151.
[6]	阿热孜姑·吐逊, 高杰. 干旱胁迫和播种密度对洋葱小鳞茎生理特性及产出鳞茎个数的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2211-2222.
[7]	帕孜丽耶·艾合麦提, 王新勇, 周燕, 宋彬, 玉苏甫·阿不力提甫. 微生物菌剂对核桃叶片生理及光合特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2299-2306.
[8]	陈勇, 周蕾, 隋春, 蔺彩霞. 32份板蓝根栽培种质在新疆产区的性状表现[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2307-2314.
[9]	阿热孜姑·吐逊, 贾凯, 高杰. 不同基质和播种密度对洋葱小鳞茎产出个数的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1993-2003.
[10]	姚诗雨, 王杰, 黄文娟, 焦培培, 彭承志, 熊丹, 陈月, 王鑫. 不同盐渍环境对胡杨叶解剖结构及离子含量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 2004-2013.
[11]	张怡然, 叶尔江·拜克吐尔汉, 拜合提古力·卡依尔, 齐智颖. 城市绿地系统中火炬树根蘖苗空间分布格局及预测[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 2023-2033.
[12]	赖成霞, 杨延龙, 李春平, 玛依拉·玉素音, 王燕, 杨栋, 阳妮, 葛风伟, 汪鹏龙, 马君. 落叶型棉花黄萎病的生物学特征及药剂防治分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 2034-2042.
[13]	鲜欧洋, 李肖, 陈永成, 王旭哲, 张凡凡, 侯国庆. 植物乳杆菌和糖蜜接种对串叶松香草青贮的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1505-1511.
[14]	鞠乐, 齐军仓, 牛银亭, 石培春, 宋瑞娇, 宋凌宇, 阴志刚, 陈培育, 强学兰. 基于RNA-seq的大麦苗期抗旱相关基因的挖掘与分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1077-1084.
[15]	张艺加, 程平, 王磊, 武胜利. 不同灌溉量对矮化密植苹果树生理特性和苹果产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1140-1150.