不同基质和播种密度对洋葱小鳞茎产出个数的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同栽培基质与播种密度对洋葱小鳞茎产出个数的影响,为实现洋葱的机械化定植奠定理论和技术基础。【方法】以洋葱品种白雪为材料,采用平底育苗盘播种方法,设计5种栽培基质和4种播种密度共15个处理,分析洋葱小鳞茎生长变化。【结果】羊粪:园林土=1:3、密度2.5 cm×2.5 cm处理的洋葱幼苗株高最高,为25.95 cm,假茎粗最粗,为2.27 mm;草炭:珍珠岩=1:2、密度2.5 cm×2.5 cm处理的洋葱叶片数最多,为4.20片;草炭:珍珠岩=1:2、密度2.5 cm×2.5 cm处理的过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著高于其他处理,羊粪:园林土=1:3、密度1.5 cm×1.5 cm处理的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于其他处理。珍珠岩:蛭石=1:3的所有密度处理间超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)差异不显著,但高于其他处理。蛭石:珍珠岩=1:2、密度2 cm×2 cm处理的丙二醛(MDA)含量值最高。草炭:珍珠岩=1:2、密度1.5 cm×1.5 cm的处理产出鳞茎个数最多,为35.55个/dm²。【结论】草炭:珍珠岩=1:2、密度2 cm×2 cm的处理排名第一,该处理发芽率为91.33%,株高为18.01 cm,假茎粗为2.14 mm,叶片数为3.89片叶,鳞茎产出个数排名第三,综合表现良好,叶片数与假茎粗之间呈显著正相关(r=0.623,P<0.05);鳞茎产出个数与株高之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.518,P<0.05),在密度与基质二者的交互作用下鳞茎产出个数差异极显著。

关键词: 洋葱小鳞茎; 基质; 播种密度; 产出个数; 抗氧化酶

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim is to study the effects of different cultivation substrates and planting densities on the yield of onion bulblets. 【Methods】 With Baixue as the test material, the flat bottom seedling tray was used to sow, five kinds of cultivation substrates were designed, and four kinds of sowing densities were studied, A total of 15 treatments. This study lays the theoretical and technical foundation for realizing the mechanized colonization of onion bulblet as planting material. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height of seedlings treated with sheep manure:garden soil = 1:3, density 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm was the highest, which was 25.95 cm, and the diameter of pseudostem was the thickest, which was 2.27 mm. The number of leaves treated with peat:perlite = 1:2, density 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm was the highest, which was 4.20. The peroxidase ( POD ) activity of peat:perlite = 1:2, density 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the catalase ( CAT ) activity of sheep manure:garden soil = 1:3, density 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments. There was no significant difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD) among all density treatments of perlite:vermiculite = 1:3, but it was higher than other treatments. The content of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) in vermiculite:perlite = 1:2, density 2 cm × 2 cm treatment was the highest. Peat:perlite = 1:2, density 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm treatment per square centimeter of the largest number of bulbs, which was 35.55. 【Conclusion】 According to the comprehensive evaluation of membership function method, the treatment of peat:perlite = 1:2,density 2 cm × 2 cm ranks the first. The germination rate of this treatment group is 91.33 %, the plant height is 18.01 cm, the pseudostem diameter is 2.14 mm, the number of leaves is 3.89, and the number of bulbs ranks the third,good comprehensive characteristics.There is a significant positive correlation between the number of leaves and the pseudostem diameter ( r = 0.623, P < 0.05 ). There is a significant negative correlation between the number of bulbs and plant height (r=-0.518, P < 0.05 ). Under the interaction of density and substrate, the number of bulbs is significantly negatively correlated with plant height.

Key words: onion sets; substrates; density of crop; number of outputs; antioxidant enzyme

中图分类号:

S633.2

阿热孜姑·吐逊, 贾凯, 高杰. 不同基质和播种密度对洋葱小鳞茎产出个数的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1993-2003.

Arezigu Tuxun, JIA Kai, GAO Jie. Effects of different substrates and planting densities on onion bulblet yield[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(8): 1993-2003.

图/表 9

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处理 Treatments	培养土 Compost	草炭 Peat	珍珠岩 Perlite	蛭石 Vermiculite	羊粪 Goat manure	园林土 Landscape soil	播种密度 Seed population (cm)
T₁	1	-	-	-	-	-	1.5×1.5
T₂	1	-	-	-	-	-	2×2
T₃	1	-	-	-	-	-	2.5×2.5
T₄	-	1	2	-	-	-	1.5×1.5
T₅	-	1	2	-	-	-	2×2
T₆	-	1	2	-	-	-	2.5×2.5
T₇	-	-	-	-	1	3	1.5×1.5
T₈	-	-	-	-	1	3	2×2
T₉	-	-	-	-	1	3	2.5×2.5
T₁₀	-	-	1	2	-	-	2×2
T₁₁	-	-	1	2	-	-	2.5×2.5
T₁₂	-	-	1	2	-	-	3×3
T₁₃	-	-	1	3	-	-	2×2
T₁₄	-	-	1	3	-	-	2.5×2.5
T₁₅	-	-	1	3	-	-	3×3

处理 Treatments	培养土 Compost	草炭 Peat	珍珠岩 Perlite	蛭石 Vermiculite	羊粪 Goat manure	园林土 Landscape soil	播种密度 Seed population (cm)
T₁	1	-	-	-	-	-	1.5×1.5
T₂	1	-	-	-	-	-	2×2
T₃	1	-	-	-	-	-	2.5×2.5
T₄	-	1	2	-	-	-	1.5×1.5
T₅	-	1	2	-	-	-	2×2
T₆	-	1	2	-	-	-	2.5×2.5
T₇	-	-	-	-	1	3	1.5×1.5
T₈	-	-	-	-	1	3	2×2
T₉	-	-	-	-	1	3	2.5×2.5
T₁₀	-	-	1	2	-	-	2×2
T₁₁	-	-	1	2	-	-	2.5×2.5
T₁₂	-	-	1	2	-	-	3×3
T₁₃	-	-	1	3	-	-	2×2
T₁₄	-	-	1	3	-	-	2.5×2.5
T₁₅	-	-	1	3	-	-	3×3

处理 Treatments	容重 Bulk density (g/cm³)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	通气孔隙度 Aeration porosity (%)	持水孔隙度 Water holding porosity (%)	气水比 Air-water ratio	pH值 pH value	电导率EC (mS/cm)
T₁	0.86±0.01^d	55±0.01^c	3.62±0.01^g	51.38±0.01^cd	0.07±0.01^f	7.65±0.18^f	1.37±0.15^a
T₂	0.85±0.01^de	54.93±0.01^c	3.89±0.01^g	51.04±0.01^cd	0.08±0.02^ef	8±0.11^def	1.3±0.06^a
T₃	0.83±0.01^e	55.46±0.01^c	3.48±0^g	51.98±0.01^bcd	0.07±0.01^f	8.15±0.06^def	1.36±0.01^a
T₄	0.12±0.01ⁱ	68.03±0.02^a	16.39±0.04^ab	51.64±0.06^bcd	0.34±0.13^ab	7.79±0.2^ef	0.14±0.03^ef
T₅	0.11±0.02ⁱ	66.47±0.01^ab	15.6±0.02^abc	50.86±0.01^cd	0.32±0.04^abc	8.22±0.46^cde	0.16±0.02^def
T₆	0.11±0.01ⁱ	66.27±0.02^ab	18.31±0.02^a	47.96±0.03^d	0.41±0.07^a	7.65±0.27^f	0.12±0.03^f
T₇	1.03±0.02^c	46.86±0.01^d	5.8±0.01^fg	41.06±0.01^e	0.14±0.01^def	8.73±0.18^bc	0.39±0.07^c
T₈	1.13±0.01^a	45.19±0.01^d	6.49±0^efg	38.69±0.01^e	0.17±0.01^def	8.86±0.07^b	0.37±0.04^c
T₉	1.09±0.02^b	46.42±0.01^d	6.48±0^efg	39.94±0.01^e	0.16±0.01^def	8.41±0.39^bcd	0.5±0.1^b
T₁₀	0.19±0.01^gh	65.72±0.02^ab	10.17±0.06^def	55.55±0.04^abc	0.2±0.13^de	9.56±0.68^a	0.2±0.01^def
T₁₁	0.19±0^gh	65.24±0.01^b	12.63±0.02^bcd	52.61±0.02^bcd	0.25±0.05^cd	9.62±0.2^a	0.2±0.03^def
T₁₂	0.19±0.02^h	65.08±0.02^b	9.64±0.01^def	55.44±0.02^abc	0.18±0.02^def	9.7±0.33^a	0.22±0.05^def
T₁₃	0.21±0.01^fg	67.87±0.01^a	9.42±0.02^def	58.45±0.03^a	0.17±0.05^def	9.98±0.16^a	0.25±0.01^d
T₁₄	0.23±0^f	66.9±0^ab	9.76±0.01^def	57.14±0.02^ab	0.18±0.03^def	10.07±0.19^a	0.24±0.01^de
T₁₅	0.22±0.03^fg	66.36±0.01^ab	11.13±0.05^cde	55.23±0.06^abc	0.22±0.12^cd	9.87±0.33^a	0.26±0.03^d

处理 Treatments	容重 Bulk density (g/cm³)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	通气孔隙度 Aeration porosity (%)	持水孔隙度 Water holding porosity (%)	气水比 Air-water ratio	pH值 pH value	电导率EC (mS/cm)
T₁	0.86±0.01^d	55±0.01^c	3.62±0.01^g	51.38±0.01^cd	0.07±0.01^f	7.65±0.18^f	1.37±0.15^a
T₂	0.85±0.01^de	54.93±0.01^c	3.89±0.01^g	51.04±0.01^cd	0.08±0.02^ef	8±0.11^def	1.3±0.06^a
T₃	0.83±0.01^e	55.46±0.01^c	3.48±0^g	51.98±0.01^bcd	0.07±0.01^f	8.15±0.06^def	1.36±0.01^a
T₄	0.12±0.01ⁱ	68.03±0.02^a	16.39±0.04^ab	51.64±0.06^bcd	0.34±0.13^ab	7.79±0.2^ef	0.14±0.03^ef
T₅	0.11±0.02ⁱ	66.47±0.01^ab	15.6±0.02^abc	50.86±0.01^cd	0.32±0.04^abc	8.22±0.46^cde	0.16±0.02^def
T₆	0.11±0.01ⁱ	66.27±0.02^ab	18.31±0.02^a	47.96±0.03^d	0.41±0.07^a	7.65±0.27^f	0.12±0.03^f
T₇	1.03±0.02^c	46.86±0.01^d	5.8±0.01^fg	41.06±0.01^e	0.14±0.01^def	8.73±0.18^bc	0.39±0.07^c
T₈	1.13±0.01^a	45.19±0.01^d	6.49±0^efg	38.69±0.01^e	0.17±0.01^def	8.86±0.07^b	0.37±0.04^c
T₉	1.09±0.02^b	46.42±0.01^d	6.48±0^efg	39.94±0.01^e	0.16±0.01^def	8.41±0.39^bcd	0.5±0.1^b
T₁₀	0.19±0.01^gh	65.72±0.02^ab	10.17±0.06^def	55.55±0.04^abc	0.2±0.13^de	9.56±0.68^a	0.2±0.01^def
T₁₁	0.19±0^gh	65.24±0.01^b	12.63±0.02^bcd	52.61±0.02^bcd	0.25±0.05^cd	9.62±0.2^a	0.2±0.03^def
T₁₂	0.19±0.02^h	65.08±0.02^b	9.64±0.01^def	55.44±0.02^abc	0.18±0.02^def	9.7±0.33^a	0.22±0.05^def
T₁₃	0.21±0.01^fg	67.87±0.01^a	9.42±0.02^def	58.45±0.03^a	0.17±0.05^def	9.98±0.16^a	0.25±0.01^d
T₁₄	0.23±0^f	66.9±0^ab	9.76±0.01^def	57.14±0.02^ab	0.18±0.03^def	10.07±0.19^a	0.24±0.01^de
T₁₅	0.22±0.03^fg	66.36±0.01^ab	11.13±0.05^cde	55.23±0.06^abc	0.22±0.12^cd	9.87±0.33^a	0.26±0.03^d

处理 Treatments	POD过氧化物酶活性 Peroxidase (U/(g·min))	CAT过氧化氢酶活性 Catalase (U/(g·min))	SOD超氧化物歧化酶活性 Superoxidedismutas (U/(g·h))	MDA丙二醛含量 Malondialdehyde (nmol/g)
T₁	3.09±2^c	3.56±0.47^def	4.42±1.43^fg	17.41±1.91^ab
T₂	3.09±0.8^c	3.93±0.29^cdef	3.61±0.92^g	20.7±4.88^ab
T₃	1.93±0.4^c	3.69±0.87^def	4.08±0.84^g	20.73±4.76^ab
T₄	10.56±7.9^abc	2.07±0.7^f	7.56±0.87^bcd	12.9±4.22^ab
T₅	23.6±20.06^abc	2.6±0.99^ef	6.72±0.87^bcd	26.63±16.27^a
T₆	33.4±37.58^a	3.96±1.74^cdef	4.6±1.43^efg	16.17±1.6^ab
T₇	28.31±10.67^ab	6.47±0.24^a	6.14±0.79^cde	21.76±3.29^ab
T₈	12.71±3.72^abc	5.18±2.13^abcd	5.98±1.15^def	11.49±1.53^ab
T₉	19.04±9.8^abc	4.64±0.71^abcde	7.8±0.26^bc	26.39±21.15^a
T₁₀	13.2±3.06^abc	3.93±0.93^cdef	9.93±0.32^a	29.02±22.37^a
T₁₁	6.56±1.52^bc	4.42±1.56^bcde	8.01±0.38^b	4.98±3.42^b
T₁₂	7.27±1.56^bc	4.53±1.11^abcde	7.83±0.65^bc	6.2±2.97^b
T₁₃	6.96±1.73^bc	4.49±1.04^abcde	10.31±1.43^a	15.49±1.39^ab
T₁₄	8.96±5.21^bc	5.87±0.24^abc	11.23±0.4^a	17.72±8.42^ab
T₁₅	14.49±1.06^abc	6.07±0.55^ab	10.36±0.95^a	22.7±5.58^ab