不同盐渍环境对胡杨叶解剖结构及离子含量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.021

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (8): 2004-2013.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.021

• 园艺特产·农产品加工工程·林业 • 上一篇下一篇

不同盐渍环境对胡杨叶解剖结构及离子含量的影响

姚诗雨¹(), 王杰¹, 黄文娟¹^,²(), 焦培培¹^,², 彭承志¹, 熊丹¹, 陈月¹, 王鑫¹

1.塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用省部共建国家重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2023-12-07 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-09-19
通信作者: 黄文娟(1980-),女,黑龙江富锦人,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为荒漠区植物生理生态和植物多样性保育,(E-mail)hwjzky@163.com
作者简介:姚诗雨(1998-),女,江西上饶人,硕士研究生,研究方向为荒漠区植物保育,(E-mail)1091275698@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金地区基金项目“胡杨异形叶发育的分子调控网络及其功能基因挖掘”(32160355);“兵团英才”第二周期人才项目;塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室开放课题(BRFW2101);新疆生产建设兵团财政科技计划项目“胡杨苗期性别鉴定DNA分子标记的开发及应用”(2022CB001-10)

Effects of different saline environments on anatomical structure and ion content of Populus euphratica leaves

YAO Shiyu¹(), WANG Jie¹, HUANG Wenjuan¹^,²(), JIAO Peipei¹^,², PENG Chengzhi¹, XIONG Dan¹, CHEN Yue¹, WANG Xin¹

1. College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300,China
2. Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Tarim Basin (Co-Established by Xinjiang Production and Corctrution Corp and MARA), Aral Xinjiang 843300, China

Received:2023-12-07 Published:2024-08-20 Online:2024-09-19
Correspondence author: HUANG Wenjuan(1980-),female,from Fujin, Heilongjiang, professor, master, master's supervisor, research direction: plant physiological ecology and plant diversity conservation in desert areas,(E-mail)hwjzky@163.com
Supported by:
The Project of National Natural Foundation of China "Molecular Regulatory Networks and Their Functional Gene Mining in Populus euphratica"(32160355);Second Phase Talents Project of XPCC;"the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Biological resources Protection and Utilization in Tarim Basin"(BRFW2101);Fiscal Science and Technology Program Project "Development and Application of DNA Molecular Markers in Populus euphratica Seedling Stage"(2022CB001-10)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究胡杨 (Populus euphratica )对盐渍环境的适应特点,揭示其耐盐生理机制。【方法】以不同盐渍生境中的胡杨叶片为试材,采用沸水水提法与消煮法测定离子含量,采用石蜡切片法在光学显微镜观察叶片的解剖结构,分析叶片各离子含量及比较解剖结构特征。【结果】(1)在低盐生境中,胡杨叶片中栅栏组织较大,叶片厚度、海绵组织、中脉维管束面积最大,且海绵组织厚度与其他环境中相比差异显著;中盐生境中,上、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织及粘液细胞面积均大于其他环境;高盐生境中,胡杨叶片增加下表皮厚度、海绵组织的厚度及叶片厚度;(2)从低盐环境到高盐环境,胡杨叶片中Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、 ${H C O}_{3}^{-}$ 和Cl^-含量均减少,叶片中K⁺含量增加,叶片中离子平衡得以维持;(3)栅栏组织、粘液细胞面积、栅栏组织/海绵组织、叶片紧密度与 ${H C O}_{3}^{-}$ 和Na⁺含量呈显著或极显著正相关,与K⁺含量呈显著或极显著负相关。叶片中K⁺含量易受环境影响,与土壤pH值、全盐、电导率均呈极显著相关;叶片上下表皮厚度、粘液细胞体积、栅海比等与土壤盐分和含水量相关性较强,受到盐分胁迫时通过改变其自身结构抵御胁迫环境。【结论】在不同的盐渍环境条件下,胡杨叶片主要通过盐分离子在叶片中的调控储存并作用于叶片各部位,保证树体正常生理代谢,并形成不同的叶片解剖结构特征以适应环境。

关键词: 盐渍环境; 胡杨; 离子; 叶片解剖结构

Abstract:

【Objective】 To discuss(Populus euphratica) the adaptation characteristics of the saline environment and reveal the physiological mechanism of salt tolerance. 【Methods】 P. euphratica leaves in different saline habitats were used as experimental test materials, the ions were determined by boiling water extraction and boiling method, and the anatomical structure of the leaves was observed under light microscope by paraffin sectioning method, and the content of each ion of the leaves and the comparative anatomical structure characteristics of the leaves were studied. 【Results】 (1) In the low-salt environment, the fence tissue in the leaf of P. euphraticawas larger, the leaf thickness, sponge tissue and midvein vascular bundle area were the largest, and the sponge tissue thickness was significantly different compared with other environments. In the medium salt environment, the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis, the area of fence tissue and mucus cells were greater than those of other environments. In a high-salt environment, P. euphratica leaves increased the thickness of epidermis, sponge tissue and leaf thickness. (2) From low salt environment to high salt environment, the contents of Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, ${H C O}_{3}^{-}$ and Cl^- in poplar leaves decreased, and the K⁺ content in leaves increased, thus the ion balance in leaves being maintained. (3) Fence tissue, mucus cell area, fence tissue/sponge tissue, and leaf compactness were significantly or very positively correlated with ${H C O}_{3}^{-}$ and Na⁺, and significantly or very negatively correlated with K⁺;K⁺ in leaves was susceptible to environmental influences, which was significantly correlated with soil pH, total salt and conductivity. The epidermal thickness, mucus cell volume, and grid-to-sea ratio on the leaves were strongly correlated with soil salinity and water content, indicating that when stressed by salinity, they would resist the stress environment by changing their own structure. 【Conclusion】 Under different saline environmental conditions, the leaves of P. euphratica chinensis are mainly regulated and stored in the leaves by salt separators and act on all parts of the leaves, so as to ensure the normal physiological metabolism of the tree body and form different leaf anatomical characteristics to adapt to the environment.

Key words: saline environment; Populus euphratica; ion; leaf anatomical structure

中图分类号:

姚诗雨, 王杰, 黄文娟, 焦培培, 彭承志, 熊丹, 陈月, 王鑫. 不同盐渍环境对胡杨叶解剖结构及离子含量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 2004-2013.

YAO Shiyu, WANG Jie, HUANG Wenjuan, JIAO Peipei, PENG Chengzhi, XIONG Dan, CHEN Yue, WANG Xin. Effects of different saline environments on anatomical structure and ion content of Populus euphratica leaves[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(8): 2004-2013.

图/表 8

表1 各采样地基本信息

Tab.1 Basic information of each sampling site

样地编号 Sample site number	地点 Location	纬度 N (°)	经度 E (°)	海拔 Altitude (m)	胡杨胸径 P.euphratica breast diameter (cm)	距塔里木河距离 Distance from Tarim River (m)
A₁	沙雅县	40.963 11	83.340 06	881.2	20.5	南岸:4 305.32
A₂	沙雅县-克尔克乔勒	41.007 75	83.321 71	891.5	21	北岸:2 408.88
A₃	沙雅县-县道×329线	41.073 32	83.159 26	891.8	19.833	北岸:147 901.4

表2 不同样点土壤基本理化性质和生境类型划分

Tab.2 Analysis and division of soil environmental salinity at different points

样地编号 Sample site number	pH值 pH value	全盐 Total salt (g/kg)	电导率 Conductivity (μS/cm)	含水量 Water content (%)	生境类型 Habitat type
A₁	7.80	5.43	6.84	15.89	高盐生境
A₂	8.03	2.42	3.37	22.45	中盐生境
A₃	8.09	1.17	1.52	11.73	低盐生境

表3 不同生境胡杨叶片解剖结构特征的比较

Tab.3 Comparisons of basic characteristics of leaf anatomy of P. euphratica in different environments

指标 Indexes	高盐生境 High-salt habitats	中盐生境 Medium-salt habitats	低盐生境 Low-salt habitats
叶厚度 Leaf thickness(μm)	152.878±7.432^a	144.562±8.731^a	165.097±11.056^a
上表皮厚度 Upper epidermal thickness(μm)	8.363±0.435^a	8.459±0.281^a	8.02±0.144^a
下表皮厚度 Lower epidermal thicknes(μm)	8.427±0.3^a	8.225±0.305^a	7.672±0.285^a
上表皮角质层厚度 Upper stratum corneum thickness(μm)	1.351±0.168^ab	1.795±0.36^a	1.012±0.094^b
栅栏组织厚度 Palisade tissue thickness(μm)	24.502±1.131^a	26.441±1.836^a	25.606±1.123^a
海绵组织厚度 Sponge tissue thickness(μm)	14.493±0.925^ab	12.608±0.615^b	16.514±1.412^a
栅栏组织/海绵组织 Palisade tissue/sponge tissue	1.832±0.186^ab	2.13±0.128^a	1.664±0.118^b
叶片紧密度 Ratio of palisade/leaf thinkness	0.166±0.011^a	0.189±0.015^a	0.163±0.011^a
叶片疏松度 Ratio of spongy/leaf looseness.	0.097±0.007^a	0.092±0.007^a	0.103±0.008^a
粘液细胞面积 Mucus cell area(μm²)	286.455±14.925^b	414.284±64.407^a	362.685±17.078^ab
中脉维管束面积 Midrib vascular bundle area(μm²)	82 555.936±12 130.119^a	82 821.66±11 027.582^a	119 162.488±18 986.066^a

图1 不同生境胡杨叶片解剖结构注:A.上表皮;B.下表皮;C.上表皮角质层;D.栅栏组织;E.海绵组织;F.中脉维管束;G.粘液细胞

Fig.1 Leaf anatomy of P. euphratica in different habitats Note: A. Upper epidermis; B. Lower epidermis; C. Cuticle of upper epidermis; D. Fence organization; E. Spongy tissue; F. Midvein vascular bundle; G. Mucus cells

图2 不同环境下胡杨叶片各离子含量差异的比较注:不同小写字母表示不同地点相同结构之间具有显著差异(P<0.05),下同

Fig.2 Comparisons of the content of ions in P. euphratica leaves in different environments Note: The inclusion of different lowercase letters indicates that the difference between different sites under various soil index factors is significant (P<0.05),the same as below

图3 不同环境下胡杨叶片各离子比含量差异的比较

Fig.3 Comparisons of the content of each ion ratio of P. euphratica leaves in different environments

图4 胡杨叶片解剖结构与离子含量相关性的比较注:** 在 0.01 级别(双尾),相关性显著。* 在 0.05 级别(双尾),相关性显著(下同);LT:叶厚度;UET:上表皮厚度;LET:下表皮厚度;USCT:上角质层厚度 ;PTT:栅栏组织厚度;ST:海绵组织;MCA:粘液细胞面积MVBA:中脉维管束面积 ;P/S:栅/海比 CTR:叶片紧密度 ;SR:叶片疏松度。

Fig.4 Correlations between leaf anatomy and ion content of P. euphratica in different environments Note: ** At level 0.01 (double-tailed), the correlation is significant. * At level 0.05 (double-tailed), the correlation is significant(the same as below); LT: leaf thickness; UET: upper epidermal thickness; LET: lower epidermal thickness; USCT upper stratum corneum thickness ; PTT:palisade tissue thickness ST: sponge tissue; MCA: mucus cell area; MVBA: midrib vascular bundle area; P/S:ratio of palisade tissue/sponge tissue; CTR:ratio of palisade/leaf thinkness; SR: ratio of spongy/leaf looseness

表4 叶片解剖结构、离子与土壤相关性

Tab.4 Analysis of leaf anatomical structure, ion and soil correlation

指标 Indexes	pH值 pH value	全盐 Total salt	含水量 Water content	电导率 Cond- uctivity
${HCO}_{3}^{-}$ (g/kg)	0.254	-0.254	0.085	-0.296^*
Cl^-(g/kg)	0.263	0.017	-0.185	-0.002
Ca²⁺(g/kg)	-0.044	-0.13	-0.02	-0.181
Mg²⁺(g/kg)	0.173	-0.224	-0.143	-0.222
${SO}_{4}^{2 -}$ (g/kg)	-0.164	0.323^*	0.008	0.375^*
Na⁺(g/kg)	0.391^**	-0.238	-0.098	-0.248
K⁺(g/kg)	-0.498^**	0.508^**	-0.274	0.603^**
叶厚度(LT)	-0.212	-0.026	0.274	-0.059
上表皮厚度(UET)	-0.105	0.418^**	0.032	0.303^*
下表皮厚度(LET)	-0.182	0.347^*	0.275	0.256
上表皮角质层厚度 (USCT)	-0.031	0.016	0.101	0.074
栅栏组织厚度(PTT)	0.088	-0.104	0.414^**	-0.128
海绵组织(ST)	-0.377^*	-0.088	0.029	-0.043
粘液细胞面积(MCA)	-0.017	-0.183	0.473^**	-0.098
中脉维管束面积 (MVBA)	-0.225	-0.188	0.114	-0.165
栅/海比(P/S)	0.382^**	-0.032	0.334^*	-0.055
叶片紧密度(CTR)	0.208	-0.07	0.078	-0.056
叶片疏松度(SR)	-0.166	-0.088	-0.249	-0.004

表4 叶片解剖结构、离子与土壤相关性

Tab.4 Analysis of leaf anatomical structure, ion and soil correlation

指标 Indexes	pH值 pH value	全盐 Total salt	含水量 Water content	电导率 Cond- uctivity
${HCO}_{3}^{-}$ (g/kg)	0.254	-0.254	0.085	-0.296^*
Cl^-(g/kg)	0.263	0.017	-0.185	-0.002
Ca²⁺(g/kg)	-0.044	-0.13	-0.02	-0.181
Mg²⁺(g/kg)	0.173	-0.224	-0.143	-0.222
${SO}_{4}^{2 -}$ (g/kg)	-0.164	0.323^*	0.008	0.375^*
Na⁺(g/kg)	0.391^**	-0.238	-0.098	-0.248
K⁺(g/kg)	-0.498^**	0.508^**	-0.274	0.603^**
叶厚度(LT)	-0.212	-0.026	0.274	-0.059
上表皮厚度(UET)	-0.105	0.418^**	0.032	0.303^*
下表皮厚度(LET)	-0.182	0.347^*	0.275	0.256
上表皮角质层厚度 (USCT)	-0.031	0.016	0.101	0.074
栅栏组织厚度(PTT)	0.088	-0.104	0.414^**	-0.128
海绵组织(ST)	-0.377^*	-0.088	0.029	-0.043
粘液细胞面积(MCA)	-0.017	-0.183	0.473^**	-0.098
中脉维管束面积 (MVBA)	-0.225	-0.188	0.114	-0.165
栅/海比(P/S)	0.382^**	-0.032	0.334^*	-0.055
叶片紧密度(CTR)	0.208	-0.07	0.078	-0.056
叶片疏松度(SR)	-0.166	-0.088	-0.249	-0.004

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不同盐渍环境对胡杨叶解剖结构及离子含量的影响

Effects of different saline environments on anatomical structure and ion content of Populus euphratica leaves

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