玉米茎腐病生防菌的筛选及生防效果评价

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.S1.005

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (S1): 35-48.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.S1.005

• 玉米有害生物防控研究专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

玉米茎腐病生防菌的筛选及生防效果评价

袁梓涵(), 赵雯慧, 王小武, 吐尔逊·阿合买提, 丁新华, 张帅, 付开赟, 贾尊尊, 郭文超()

新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/新疆农业生物安全重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-07-05 出版日期:2024-10-10 发布日期:2024-11-15
通信作者: 郭文超(1966-),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,研究员,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为农业昆虫与害虫防治(E-mail)gwc1966@163.com
作者简介:袁梓涵(1998-),女,重庆涪陵人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业昆虫与害虫防治, (E-mail)3187203383@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“新疆优势特色农作物重大有害生物绿色防控关键技术研发”(2023A02009)

Screening of Corn Stalk Rot control bacteria and evaluation of control effects

YUAN Zihan(), ZHAO Wenhui, WANG Xiaowu, Tuerxun Ahemaiti, DING Xinhua, ZHANG Shuai, FU Kaiyun, JIA Zunzun, GUO Wenchao()

Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety.Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2024-07-05 Published:2024-10-10 Online:2024-11-15
Correspondence author: GUO Wenchao (1966 -), male, from Hebei, researcher, Ph.D.,masterand doctoral's supervisor, research direction: integrated control of agricultural pests, (E-mail)gwc1966@163.com
Supported by:
Xinjiang Major Science and Technology projects“Research, development, and demonstration of key technologies for the green control of major pests on special and superiority crops in Xinjiang”(2023A02009)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】筛选防治玉米茎腐病有效的生防菌,并评价其效果,获得高效防治玉米茎腐病的生防菌株。【方法】采用平板对峙法和菌丝生长速率法,以轮枝镰刀菌Fusarium verticillioides、胶孢镰刀菌Fusarium subglutinans、木贼镰刀菌Fusarium equiseti、层出镰孢菌Fusarium proliferatum、拟轮枝镰孢菌Fusarium sporotrichioides、变红镰刀菌Fusarium lateritium、禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum、尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum 8株玉米茎腐病病原菌为指示菌,通过4株候选菌株发酵滤液浸种试验,检测其发酵滤液对玉米种子萌发的影响。【结果】6株生防真菌中里氏木霉Trichoderma reesei的抑菌效果最好,其对8株病原菌的抑菌率达41.43%~60.29%,绿木霉Trichoderma viride的抑菌率次之,为11.55%~54.93%,粉红粘帚菌Gliocladium roseum抑菌率最差为1.61%-38.63%。6株生防真菌对8株病原菌的拮抗系数均为Ⅱ级,菌落均能占据平板的2/3以上。8株病原菌分生孢子在各生防菌发酵滤液中的萌发率均显著低于对照(P< 0.05),其中,里氏木霉发酵滤液处理8株病原菌的孢子萌发率最低,仅为8.44%~13.56%。11种生防细菌中解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IK-5抑菌效果最佳,其对8株病原菌的抑菌率达47.04%~90.48%,解淀粉芽孢杆菌2#次之,为65.98%~76.71%,枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis ACB0043最差,仅为1.89%~51.53%。里氏木霉、绿木霉、解淀粉芽孢杆菌IK-5和解淀粉芽孢杆菌2#发酵滤液对玉米种子具有促生作用,绿木霉对玉米种子的萌发和生长促进效果最佳。【结论】菌株里氏木霉、绿木霉、解淀粉芽孢杆菌IK-5、解淀粉芽孢杆菌2#对玉米茎腐病具有较好的拮抗活性和促生能力,在玉米茎腐病防控中具有潜在的应用价值。

关键词: 玉米茎腐病; 拮抗菌; 生物防治; 生防效果

Abstract:

【Objective】 Corn Stalk Rot (CSR) is one of the major diseases on maize in Xinjiang, which seriously affects maize yield and quality.【Methods】 In order to obtain biocontrol strains for efficient control of corn stalk rot, this study was carried out using the plate standoff method and mycelial growth rate method with Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium lateritium, Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium oxysporum as the indicator organisms for the screening of eight strains of corn stalk rot pathogenic fungi.The effect of fermentation filtrates of four candidate strains on germination traits of maize seeds was tested by seed soaking experiment with their fermentation filtrates.【Results】 The results showed that among the six strains of biocontrol fungi, Trichoderma reesei had the best inhibitory effect, and its inhibitory rate against the above eight strains of pathogens reached 41.43%-60.29%, while Trichoderma viride had the second highest inhibitory rate of 11.55%-54.93%, and Gliocladium roseum had the worst inhibitory rate of 1.61%-38.63%.The antagonism coefficients of the six biocontrol fungi against the eight strains of pathogenic fungi were all of class II, and the colonies were able to occupy more than 2/3 of the plate.The germination rate of conidia of eight strains of pathogenic fungi in the fermentation filtrate of each biocontrol fungi was significantly lower than that of the control (P < 0.05), among which, the lowest germination rate of spores of eight strains of pathogenic fungi treated with the fermentation filtrate of Trichoderma reesei was only 8.44%-13.56%.Among the 11 biocontrol bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IK-5 had the best bacterial inhibitory effect, with its inhibition rate of 47.04%-90.48% against eight strains of pathogens, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 2# was the second best, with 65.98%-76.71%, Bacillus subtilis ACB0043 was the worst with only 1.89%-51.53%.The fermentation filtrates of T.reesei, T.viride, B.amyloliquefaciens IK-5 and B.amyloliquefaciens 2# had a growth-promoting effect on maize seeds, and T.viride had the best germination and growth-promoting effect on maize seeds.【Conclusion】 In conclusion, the strains T.reesei, T.viride, B.amyloliquefaciens IK-5 and B.amyloliquefaciens 2# have good antagonistic activity and growth promoting capacity ability against corn stalk rot, which is potentially valuable for application in corn stalk rot prevention and control.

Key words: corn stalk rot; antagonistic fungi; biological control; biological control effect

中图分类号:

S435

袁梓涵, 赵雯慧, 王小武, 吐尔逊·阿合买提, 丁新华, 张帅, 付开赟, 贾尊尊, 郭文超. 玉米茎腐病生防菌的筛选及生防效果评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(S1): 35-48.

YUAN Zihan, ZHAO Wenhui, WANG Xiaowu, Tuerxun Ahemaiti, DING Xinhua, ZHANG Shuai, FU Kaiyun, JIA Zunzun, GUO Wenchao. Screening of Corn Stalk Rot control bacteria and evaluation of control effects[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(S1): 35-48.

图/表 8

表1 生防真菌对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用比较

Tab. 1 Comparions of inhibition of mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi by biocontrol fungi

图1 6株生防真菌与8株病原菌的对峙培养对比注:A、B、C、D、E、F分别为粉红粘帚菌、哈茨木霉、棘孢木霉、里氏木霉、绿木霉和长枝木霉处理。A中的1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8分别为胶孢镰刀菌88、木贼镰刀菌120、拟轮枝镰孢菌280、尖孢镰刀菌22、轮枝镰刀菌16、层出镰孢菌40、禾谷镰刀菌51、变红镰刀菌15,B、C、D、E、F中的1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8同A

Fig.1 Comparions of confrontation cultures of six strains of biocontrol fungi with eight strains of pathogens Note: A, B, C, D, E and F are treatments of G.roseum, T.harzianum, T.asperellum, T.reesei, T.viride and T.longibrachiatum, respectively.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 in A are treatments of F.subglutinans 88, F.equiseti 120, F.sporotrichioides 280, F.oxysporum 22, F.verticillioides 16, and F.proliferatum 40, F.graminearum 51, F.lateritium 15, respectively, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 in B, C, D, E, F are the same as A

表2 生防真菌抑制病原菌的拮抗系数比较

Tab.2 Comparions of antagonistic coefficient for inhibition of pathogenic fungi by biocontrol fungi

生防菌 Biocontrol microbe	拮抗系数Antagonistic coefficient
生防菌 Biocontrol microbe	层出镰孢菌 F.prolifer atum 40	变红镰刀菌 F. lateritium 15	拟轮枝镰孢菌 F. sporotrichioides 280	胶孢镰刀菌 F. subglutinans 88	尖孢镰刀菌 F. oxysporum 22	轮枝镰刀菌 F. verticillioides 16	木贼镰刀菌 F. equiseti 120	禾谷镰刀菌 F. graminearum 51
棘孢木霉 T.asperellum	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级
哈茨木霉 T.harzianum	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级
长枝木霉 T.longibrachiatum	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级
绿木霉 T.viride	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级
里氏木霉 T.reesei	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级
粉红粘帚菌 G.roseum	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅱ级

表3 8株病原菌分生孢子在6株生防真菌发酵滤液中的萌发率比较

Tab.3 Comparions of germination rate of conidia of eight strains of pathogenic fungi in the fermentation filtrate of six strains of bioprophy lactic fungi

图2 11株生防细菌与8株病原菌的初筛对比注:A上孔是解淀粉芽孢杆菌BNCC336388,左下孔是解淀粉芽孢杆菌2#,右下孔是解淀粉芽孢杆菌IK-5;B图中左上孔是贝莱斯芽孢杆菌J/C,右上孔是枯草芽孢杆菌 ACB0043,左下孔是贝莱斯芽孢杆菌W38,右下孔是苏云金芽孢杆菌ACB10410;C图中左上孔是枯草芽孢杆菌Z-4,右上孔是贝莱斯芽孢杆菌BH229,左下孔是贝莱斯芽孢杆菌BLS-9,右下孔是贝莱斯芽孢杆菌B.velezensis AL7;D是无菌水对照。A中的1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8分别为胶孢镰刀菌88、木贼镰刀菌120、拟轮枝镰孢菌280、尖孢镰刀菌22、轮枝镰刀菌16、层出镰孢菌40、禾谷镰刀菌51、变红镰刀菌15,B、C、D中的1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8同A。

Fig.2 Comparions of initial screening results of 11 strains of bioprophilic bacteria and 8 strains of pathogenic bacteria Notes: A, the upper hole is B.amyloliquefaciens BNCC336388, the lower left hole is B.amyloliquefaciens 2#, and the lower right hole is B.amyloliquefaciens IK-5; in figure B, the upper left hole is B.velezensis J/C, the upper right hole is B.subtilis ACB0043, the lower left hole is B.velezensis W38, and the lower right hole is B.thuringiensis ACB10410; in figure C the upper left hole is B.subtilis Z-4, the upper right hole is B.velezensis BH229, the lower left hole is B.velezensis BLS-9, and the lower right hole is B.velezensis AL7; D is the sterile water control.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 in A are F.subglutinans 88, F.equiseti 120, F.sporotrichioides 280, F.oxysporum 22, F.verticillioides 16, and F.proliferatum 40, F.graminearum 51, F.lateritium 15, respectively, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 in B, C, and D are as in A.

表4 5株生防细菌下峙培养下8株病原菌的变化

Tab.4 Changes of five strains of bioprophylactic bacteria on eight strains of pathogenic fungi in a stand - off culture

图3 5株生防细菌与8株病原菌的复筛结果对比

Fig.3 Comparions of results of the rescreening of 5 strains of biocontrol bacteria with 8 strains of pathogenic fungi

表 5 4种候选发酵液处理的玉米种子发芽性状的比较

Tab.5 Comparions of germination traits of maize seeds treated with four candidate fermentation broths

处理 Treatments	发芽率 Germination rate (%)	胚芽长度 Germ length (cm)	胚根长度 Radicle length (cm)
绿木霉T.viride	92.83±1.22^a	5.48±0.12^a	8.53±0.18^a
里氏木霉T.reesei	92.00±0.86^a	5.38±0.16^a	7.45±0.11^b
解淀粉芽孢杆菌IK-5B.amyloliquefaciens	93.83±0.95^a	4.82±0.10^b	7.53±0.16^b
解淀粉芽孢杆菌2#B.amyloliquefaciens	93.33±1.12^a	5.13±0.10^ab	6.92±0.12^c
对照CK	88.00±1.03^b	3.52±0.17^c	4.72±0.15^d

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玉米茎腐病生防菌的筛选及生防效果评价

Screening of Corn Stalk Rot control bacteria and evaluation of control effects

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