新疆绿洲灌区玉米田杂草种子库及环境因子对杂草种子萌发的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.S1.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (S1): 49-59.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.S1.006

• 玉米有害生物防控研究专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

新疆绿洲灌区玉米田杂草种子库及环境因子对杂草种子萌发的影响

巩雪花¹^,²(), 王小武¹, 付开赟¹, 贾尊尊¹, 吐尔逊·阿合买提¹, 乔小燕¹, 叶晓琴¹, 郭文超¹(), 丁新华¹()

1.新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/新疆农业生物安全重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832003

收稿日期:2024-07-05 出版日期:2024-10-10 发布日期:2024-11-15
通信作者: 郭文超(1966-),男,河北人,研究员,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为农业害虫综合防治, (E-mail)gwc1966@163.com;
丁新华(1984-),男,河南人,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为农业害虫综合防治, (E-mail)dingxinhua1984@163.com
作者简介:巩雪花(1999-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业害虫综合防治,(E-mail)2140226336@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“新疆优势特色农作物重大有害生物绿色防控关键技术研发”(2023A02009)

Effects of weed seeds bank and environmental factors on weed seeds germination in oasis irrigation areas of Xinjiang

GONG Xuehua¹^,²(), WANG Xiaowu¹, FU Kaiyun¹, JIA Zunzun¹, TURSUN Ahmat¹, QIAO Xiaoyan¹, YE Xiaoqin¹, GUO Wenchao¹(), DING Xinhua¹()

1. Research Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Urumqi 830091,China
2. College of Agriculture of Shihezi University Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China

Received:2024-07-05 Published:2024-10-10 Online:2024-11-15
Correspondence author: DING Xinhua (1984 -), male, from Henan,researcher, research direction: integrated control of agricultural pests, (E-mail)dingxinhua1984@163.com
Supported by:
Major Science and Technology projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“Research, development, and demonstration of key technologies for the green control of major pests on special and superiority crops in Xinjiang”(2023A02009)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆绿洲灌区玉米田杂草种子库的物种组成及其优势种。【方法】分析优势种密度与土壤理化因子的相关性及环境因子对杂草种子萌发的影响。【结果】土壤样品中共检出玉米田杂草种子11科19种,覆膜滴灌、漫灌和不覆膜滴灌分别为14种、13种和17种,稗草Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.、灰绿藜Chenopodium glaucum L.、反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus L.、狗尾草Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.、苘麻Abutilon theophrasti Medikus和野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum L.为杂草种子库中玉米田优势杂草;土壤EC值是影响反枝苋密度、灰绿藜密度和稗草密度的主要因素,有机质是影响狗尾草密度的主要因素,磷是影响苘麻的主要因素,磷对野西瓜苗的生长有促进作用。【结论】反枝苋、狗尾草、灰绿藜、野西瓜苗、苘麻和稗草6种玉米田杂草种子的发芽率与温度和水势呈正相关,而与盐胁迫呈负相关。在 pH 8~10 条件下6种玉米田杂草种子均能正常萌发。

关键词: 种植模式; 玉米田; 杂草种子库; 环境因子; 种子萌发

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to investigate the species composition and dominant species of the weed seed bank in the oasis irrigation area of Xinjiang.【Methods】 To analyze the correlation between the density of dominant species and soil physicochemical factors, as well as the influence of environmental factors on weed seed germination.【Results】 The results showed that a total of 19 species of weeds in 11 families were detected in the soil samples, including 14 species, 13 species and 17 species under mulched, diffuse and non-mulched drip irrigation, respectively.Based on the analysis of relative dominance and weed density: E.crus-galli, C.glaucum, A.retroflexus, S.viridis, A.theophrasti, and H.trionum.It is the dominant weed in corn field in weed seed bank.The correlation analysis between the density of dominant species and soil physicochemical factors showed that soil EC value was the main factor affecting the density of A.retroflexus, C.glaucum and E.crus-galli, organic matter was the main factor affecting the density of S.viridis, phosphorus content was the main factor affecting the A.theophrasti, and phosphorus content promoted the growth of H.trionum.There was a positive correlation between the germination rate and temperature of six kinds of weeds in corn field, E.crus-galli, C.glaucum, A.retroflexus, S.viridis, A.theophrasti, and H.trionum.【Conclusion】 The germination rate of six corn weeds, namely A.retroflexus, S.viridis, C.glaucum, H.trionum, A.theophrasti and E.crus-galli were positively correlated with temperature and water potential, but negatively correlated with salt stress.Under the condition of pH 8-10, six kinds of weeds could germinate normally.

Key words: planting pattern; corn fields; weed seed bank; environmental factors; seed germination

中图分类号:

S435

巩雪花, 王小武, 付开赟, 贾尊尊, 吐尔逊·阿合买提, 乔小燕, 叶晓琴, 郭文超, 丁新华. 新疆绿洲灌区玉米田杂草种子库及环境因子对杂草种子萌发的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(S1): 49-59.

GONG Xuehua, WANG Xiaowu, FU Kaiyun, JIA Zunzun, TURSUN Ahmat, QIAO Xiaoyan, YE Xiaoqin, GUO Wenchao, DING Xinhua. Effects of weed seeds bank and environmental factors on weed seeds germination in oasis irrigation areas of Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(S1): 49-59.

图/表 11

参考文献 37

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科名 Family name	杂草种类 Weed species	覆膜滴灌 Mulched drip irrigation		漫灌 Flood irrigation		不覆膜滴灌 Non-mulched drip irrigation
科名 Family name	杂草种类 Weed species	相对优势度 Relative abundance	密度 Density (株/m²)	相对优势度 Relative abundance	密度 Density (株/m²)	相对优势度 Relative abundance	密度 Density (株/m²)
禾本科Poaceae	稗草	0.49	207.39	0.45	233.31	0.48	155.54
	狗尾草	0.38	199.98	0.30	103.69	0.56	281.45
	-	画眉草	0.25	92.58	-	-	-
藜科Chenopodiaceae	灰绿藜	0.46	277.75	0.60	351.82	0.46	311.08
苋科Amaranthaceae	反枝苋	0.61	418.48	0.50	192.57	0.52	355.52
	凹头苋	-	-	0.30	92.58	0.23	44.44
	白苋	0.24	70.36	-	-	-	-
马齿苋科Portulacaceae	马齿苋	0.30	99.99	0.41	81.47	0.37	162.95
菊科Asteraceae	蒲公英	-	-	-	-	0.34	40.74
	苦苣菜	0.17	18.52	-	-	0.29	48.14
	刺儿菜	0.37	133.32	0.23	51.85	0.12	22.22
旋花科Convolvulaceae	圆叶牵牛	-	-	-	-	0.29	70.36
	田旋花	0.30	111.10	0.30	107.40	0.41	99.99
茄科Solanaceae	龙葵	0.37	151.84	0.37	137.02	0.37	207.39
十字花科Brassicaceae	播娘蒿	0.24	59.25	0.37	122.21	0.25	144.43
锦葵科Malvaceae	野西瓜苗	0.30	85.18	0.43	151.84	0.36	133.32
锦葵科Malvaceae	苘麻	-	-	0.47	103.69	0.49	225.90
豆科Fabaceae	南苜蓿	-	-	0.43	162.95	0.23	33.33
蓼科Polygonaceae	萹蓄	0.29	51.85	-	-	0.24	70.36

科名 Family name	杂草种类 Weed species	覆膜滴灌 Mulched drip irrigation		漫灌 Flood irrigation		不覆膜滴灌 Non-mulched drip irrigation
科名 Family name	杂草种类 Weed species	相对优势度 Relative abundance	密度 Density (株/m²)	相对优势度 Relative abundance	密度 Density (株/m²)	相对优势度 Relative abundance	密度 Density (株/m²)
禾本科Poaceae	稗草	0.49	207.39	0.45	233.31	0.48	155.54
	狗尾草	0.38	199.98	0.30	103.69	0.56	281.45
	-	画眉草	0.25	92.58	-	-	-
藜科Chenopodiaceae	灰绿藜	0.46	277.75	0.60	351.82	0.46	311.08
苋科Amaranthaceae	反枝苋	0.61	418.48	0.50	192.57	0.52	355.52
	凹头苋	-	-	0.30	92.58	0.23	44.44
	白苋	0.24	70.36	-	-	-	-
马齿苋科Portulacaceae	马齿苋	0.30	99.99	0.41	81.47	0.37	162.95
菊科Asteraceae	蒲公英	-	-	-	-	0.34	40.74
	苦苣菜	0.17	18.52	-	-	0.29	48.14
	刺儿菜	0.37	133.32	0.23	51.85	0.12	22.22
旋花科Convolvulaceae	圆叶牵牛	-	-	-	-	0.29	70.36
	田旋花	0.30	111.10	0.30	107.40	0.41	99.99
茄科Solanaceae	龙葵	0.37	151.84	0.37	137.02	0.37	207.39
十字花科Brassicaceae	播娘蒿	0.24	59.25	0.37	122.21	0.25	144.43
锦葵科Malvaceae	野西瓜苗	0.30	85.18	0.43	151.84	0.36	133.32
锦葵科Malvaceae	苘麻	-	-	0.47	103.69	0.49	225.90
豆科Fabaceae	南苜蓿	-	-	0.43	162.95	0.23	33.33
蓼科Polygonaceae	萹蓄	0.29	51.85	-	-	0.24	70.36

因子 Factor	相关系数 Gorrelation	通径系数 Path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient
因子 Factor	相关系数 Gorrelation	通径系数 Path coefficient	水分 Water	pH值 pH value	EC值 EC value	氮 Nitrogen (N)	磷 Phosph- orus(P)	钾 Potassi- um(K)	有机质 Organic substance
水分Water	0.139	-0.375	-	-0.077	-0.004	-0.136	-0.037	0.068	0.015
pH值pH value	-0.548	-0.687	-0.141	-	0.396	0.188	0.171	0.240	0.152
EC值EC value	-0.656	1.278	-0.014	0.736	-	0.923	0.796	0.814	0.709
氮Nitrogen(N)	-0.452	-1.136	-0.412	-0.311	0.820	-	0.219	0.076	0.080
磷Phosphorus(P)	-0.599	-0.923	-0.090	-0.230	-0.575	0.178	-	0.821	0.844
钾Potassium(K)	-0.620	-0.768	0.140	-0.268	-0.489	0.051	0.683	-	0.539
有机质Organic substance	-0.435	0.617	-0.025	0.136	0.342	0.043	0.564	0.539	-

因子 Factor	相关系数 Gorrelation	通径系数 Path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient
因子 Factor	相关系数 Gorrelation	通径系数 Path coefficient	水分 Water	pH值 pH value	EC值 EC value	氮 Nitrogen (N)	磷 Phosph- orus(P)	钾 Potassi- um(K)	有机质 Organic substance
水分Water	0.139	-0.375	-	-0.077	-0.004	-0.136	-0.037	0.068	0.015
pH值pH value	-0.548	-0.687	-0.141	-	0.396	0.188	0.171	0.240	0.152
EC值EC value	-0.656	1.278	-0.014	0.736	-	0.923	0.796	0.814	0.709
氮Nitrogen(N)	-0.452	-1.136	-0.412	-0.311	0.820	-	0.219	0.076	0.080
磷Phosphorus(P)	-0.599	-0.923	-0.090	-0.230	-0.575	0.178	-	0.821	0.844
钾Potassium(K)	-0.620	-0.768	0.140	-0.268	-0.489	0.051	0.683	-	0.539
有机质Organic substance	-0.435	0.617	-0.025	0.136	0.342	0.043	0.564	0.539	-

因子 Factor	相关系数 Gorrelation	通径系数 Path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient
因子 Factor	相关系数 Gorrelation	通径系数 Path coefficient	水分 Water	pH值 pH value	EC值 EC value	氮 Nitrogen (N)	磷 Phosph- orus(P)	钾 Potassi- um(K)	有机质 Organic substance
水分Water	0.337	0.690	-	-0.074	-0.008	-0.250	-0.068	0.126	0.028
pH值pH value	0.192	0.361	-0.074	-	0.208	0.099	0.090	0.126	0.080
EC值EC value	0.494	1.057	-0.012	0.609	-	0.763	0.659	0.673	0.587
氮Nitrogen(N)	0.212	1.021	-0.371	0.280	0.737	-	0.197	0.068	0.071
磷Phosphorus(P)	0.469	0.312	-0.031	0.078	0.194	0.060	-	0.277	0.285
钾Potassium(K)	0.583	0.588	-0.107	0.205	0.375	0.039	0.523	-	0.514
有机质Organic substance	0.472	0.081	0.003	0.018	0.045	0.006	0.074	0.071	-

新疆绿洲灌区玉米田杂草种子库及环境因子对杂草种子萌发的影响

Effects of weed seeds bank and environmental factors on weed seeds germination in oasis irrigation areas of Xinjiang

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图/表 11

参考文献 37

相关文章 15

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Metrics

渗透势 Osmotic potential (Mpa)	反枝苋 Amaranthus retroflexus L.	狗尾草 Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.	灰绿藜 Chenopodium glaucum L.	野西瓜苗 Hibiscus trionum L.	苘麻 Abutilon theophrasti Medikus	稗草 Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.
0.0	84.00±5.42^a	80.00±8.49^a	100.00±0.00^a	65.00±3.42^a	78.00±3.83^a	84.00±5.16^a
-0.2	88.00±8.00^a	76.00±4.32^ab	91.00±1.00^b	60.00±2.83^a	84.00±3.65^a	81.00±1.91^a
-0.4	54.00±3.46^b	64.00±5.42^bc	62.00±3.46^c	44.00±1.63^b	51.00±1.91^b	59.00±1.91^b
-0.6	30.00±1.15^c	57.00±1.91^c	44.00±2.83^d	32.00±2.83^c	32.00±1.63^c	42.00±1.15^c
-0.8	14.00±2.00^d	27.00±1.91^d	28.00±1.63^e	11.00±1.00^d	16.00±1.63^d	29.00±1.91^d
-1.0	4.00±1.63^d	5.00±1.00^e	11.00±1.91^f	0.00	0.00	18.00±1.15^e

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因子 Factor	相关系数 Gorrelation	通径系数 Path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient
因子 Factor	相关系数 Gorrelation	通径系数 Path coefficient	水分 Water	pH值 pH value	EC值 EC value	氮 Nitrogen (N)	磷 Phosph- orus(P)	钾 Potassi- um(K)	有机质 Organic substance
水分Water	-0.143	-0.308	-	-0.063	-0.003	-0.112	-0.030	0.056	0.013
pH值pH value	-0.019	-0.036	-0.007	-	0.021	0.010	0.009	0.013	0.008
EC值EC value	-0.135	-0.157	-0.002	0.090	-	0.113	0.098	0.100	0.087
氮Nitrogen(N)	-0.213	-0.191	-0.069	0.052	0.138	-	0.037	0.013	0.013
磷Phosphorus(P)	0.142	-0.254	-0.025	0.063	0.158	0.049	-	0.226	0.232
钾Potassium(K)	0.121	0.273	0.050	0.095	0.174	0.018	0.243	-	-0.239
有机质Organic substance	0.177	0.293	0.012	0.065	0.163	0.021	0.268	0.256	-

因子 Factor	相关系数 Gorrelation	通径系数 Path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient
因子 Factor	相关系数 Gorrelation	通径系数 Path coefficient	水分 Water	pH值 pH value	EC值 EC value	氮 Nitrogen (N)	磷 Phosph- orus(P)	钾 Potassi- um(K)	有机质 Organic substance
水分Water	-0.143	-0.308	-	-0.063	-0.003	-0.112	-0.030	0.056	0.013
pH值pH value	-0.019	-0.036	-0.007	-	0.021	0.010	0.009	0.013	0.008
EC值EC value	-0.135	-0.157	-0.002	0.090	-	0.113	0.098	0.100	0.087
氮Nitrogen(N)	-0.213	-0.191	-0.069	0.052	0.138	-	0.037	0.013	0.013
磷Phosphorus(P)	0.142	-0.254	-0.025	0.063	0.158	0.049	-	0.226	0.232
钾Potassium(K)	0.121	0.273	0.050	0.095	0.174	0.018	0.243	-	-0.239
有机质Organic substance	0.177	0.293	0.012	0.065	0.163	0.021	0.268	0.256	-

因子 Factor	相关系数 Gorrelation	通径系数 Path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient
因子 Factor	相关系数 Gorrelation	通径系数 Path coefficient	水分 Water	pH值 pH value	EC值 EC value	氮 Nitrogen (N)	磷 Phosph- orus(P)	钾 Potassi- um(K)	有机质 Organic substance
水分Water	0.106	-0.013	-	-0.003	0.000	-0.005	-0.001	0.002	0.001
pH值pH value	0.013	-0.221	-0.045	-	0.127	0.061	0.055	0.077	0.049
EC值EC value	0.223	0.508	-0.006	0.293	-	0.367	0.316	0.324	0.282
氮Nitrogen(N)	-0.234	-0.770	-0.280	0.211	0.367	-	0.149	0.052	0.054
磷Phosphorus(P)	0.744	1.519	-0.149	0.378	0.480	0.293	-	1.350	1.388
钾Potassium(K)	0.680	-0.088	0.016	0.031	0.968	0.006	0.078	-	0.077
有机质Organic substance	0.602	-0.887	0.036	0.196	0.049	0.062	0.811	0.775	-

因子 Factor	相关系数 Gorrelation	通径系数 Path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient
因子 Factor	相关系数 Gorrelation	通径系数 Path coefficient	水分 Water	pH值 pH value	EC值 EC value	氮 Nitrogen (N)	磷 Phosph- orus(P)	钾 Potassi- um(K)	有机质 Organic substance
水分Water	0.106	-0.013	-	-0.003	0.000	-0.005	-0.001	0.002	0.001
pH值pH value	0.013	-0.221	-0.045	-	0.127	0.061	0.055	0.077	0.049
EC值EC value	0.223	0.508	-0.006	0.293	-	0.367	0.316	0.324	0.282
氮Nitrogen(N)	-0.234	-0.770	-0.280	0.211	0.367	-	0.149	0.052	0.054
磷Phosphorus(P)	0.744	1.519	-0.149	0.378	0.480	0.293	-	1.350	1.388
钾Potassium(K)	0.680	-0.088	0.016	0.031	0.968	0.006	0.078	-	0.077
有机质Organic substance	0.602	-0.887	0.036	0.196	0.049	0.062	0.811	0.775	-