不同浓度苦豆子浸提液对连作番茄生长及土壤肥力的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同浓度苦豆子浸提液对番茄苗期植株生长、土壤养分和土壤酶活性的影响,为科学开发利用苦豆子资源、解决连作障碍提供参考。【方法】采用土壤盆栽试验,设置不同浓度苦豆子浸提液(0、5、10、20、40和80 g/L)处理,研究添加不同浓度苦豆子浸提液对番茄幼苗生长指标、土壤速效养分和土壤酶活性的影响。【结果】处理50 d后,番茄株高、茎粗、干重、鲜重及叶绿素含量均随着处理浓度的升高而增加,且T₅处理对番茄生长指标的促进作用最佳。不同浓度苦豆子浸提液处理后,与对照组相比,土壤pH值增加0.28~0.72,土壤EC值增加1.55~5.25倍。同时,添加苦豆子浸提液也改变了土壤养分含量,与对照相比,T₂、T₃、T₄和T₅处理,全氮增加4.2%~45.5%,速效钾增加5.2%~117.6%;土壤有机质增加5.6%~23.8%,碱解氮增加31.3%~142.1%;全磷降低11.2%~18.5%,全钾降低了2.6%~5.0%。5种土壤酶活性随苦豆子浸提液浓度的增加而增加,与对照相比,T₅处理显著增加蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,分别较CK增加296.42%、21.86%、422.01%、43.13%和100.89%。5种土壤酶均与土壤pH值、EC值、有机质含量、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾均呈正相关关系;与全磷、全钾、有效磷指标之间呈负相关关系。【结论】苦豆子浸提液可提高土壤养分和土壤酶活性,从而改善番茄的根系环境,促进番茄苗期生长,缓解连作障碍对番茄幼苗的危害。

关键词: 连作; 化感作用; 番茄; 苦豆子; 土壤肥力

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Sophora alopecuroides extract on the growth of tomato seedlings, soil nutrients, and soil enzymes in the hope of providing new insights for the rational utilization of Sophora alopecuroides resources and addressing continuous cropping obstacles. 【Methods】 A soil pot experiment was conducted, with different concentrations of Sophora alopecuroides extract treatments (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 g/L), to study the effects on tomato seedling growth parameters, soil available nutrients, and soil enzyme activities. 【Results】 After 50 days of treatment, the plant height, stem thickness, quality, and chlorophyll content of tomatoes increased with the concentrations of the treatment, with the T₅ treatment exhibiting the most significant promotion effect on tomato growth indicators. Furthermore, compared to the control group, the application of different concentrations of Sophora alopecuroides extract resulted in an increase in soil pH by 0.28-0.72 and an increase in soil EC by 1.55-5.25 times. Additionally, the addition of Sophora alopecuroides extract also altered the soil nutrient content. After T₂, T₃, T₄, and T₅ treatments, compared to the control group, the total nitrogen increased by 4.2%-45.5%, available potassium increased by 5.2%-117.6%; soil organic matter increased by 5.6%-23.8%, alkaline nitrogen increased by 31.3%-142.1%; total phosphorus decreased by 11.2%-18.5%, and total potassium decreased by 2.6%-5.0%. Moreover, the activities of the five soil enzymes increased with the concentration of the extract. The T₅ treatment significantly increased the activities of invertase, polyphenol oxidase, urease, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase, with increases of 296.42%, 21.86%, 422.01%, 43.13%, and 100.89%, respectively, compared to the control group. The correlation analysis between soil nutrients and soil enzymes showed that the activities of the five soil enzymes were positively correlated with soil pH, EC, organic matter content, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, and available potassium, while negatively correlated with total phosphorus, total potassium, and available phosphorus. 【Conclusion】 Sophora alopecuroides extract can improve the growth of tomato seedlings under continuous cropping conditions, enhance soil nutrient content and soil enzyme activities, thereby improving the root environment of tomatoes, promoting tomato seedling growth, and alleviating the harm caused by continuous cropping.

Key words: continuous cropping; allelopathy; tomatoes; Sophora alopecuroides; soil fertility

中图分类号:

S641.2

田超, 李玉姗, 马越, 宋羽. 不同浓度苦豆子浸提液对连作番茄生长及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2203-2210.

TIAN Chao, LI Yushan, MA Yue, SONG Yu. Effects of different concentrations of sophora alopecuroides extract on the growth and soil fertility of continuous cropping tomatoes[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(9): 2203-2210.

图/表 6

参考文献 18

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处理 Treat- ments	株高 Height (cm)	化感指数 RI	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	化感指数 RI	叶绿素 Chlorophyll/ SPAD值	化感指数 RI	地上部分Aboveground				地下部分Underground
处理 Treat- ments	株高 Height (cm)	化感指数 RI	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	化感指数 RI	叶绿素 Chlorophyll/ SPAD值	化感指数 RI	鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	化感指数 RI	干重 dry weight (g)	化感指数 RI	鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	化感指数 RI	干重 dry weight (g)	化感指数 RI
CK	10.38±0.29^d	-	2.8±0.05^cd	-	34.72±3.04^d	-	1.98±0.20^d	-	0.23±0.03^cd	-	0.69±0.14^c	-	0.047±0.011^c	-
T₁	10.38±1.08^d	0.00	2.73±0.12^d	-0.02	34.65±0.82^d	0.00	1.91±0.27^d	-0.04	0.20±0.06^d	-0.1	0.70±0.09^c	0.01	0.044±0.007^c	-0.06
T₂	11.45±1.81^c	0.09	2.79±0.09^cd	0.00	40.45±2.90^c	0.14	2.47±0.20^d	0.20	0.23±0.03^cd	0.0	0.74±0.10^c	0.07	0.048±0.009^c	0.02
T₃	12.55±0.19^b	0.17	2.85±0.10^c	0.02	43.87±1.56^b	0.21	3.52±0.62^c	0.44	0.31±0.07^bc	0.3	0.83±0.15^bc	0.17	0.056±0.013^bc	0.16
T₄	12.65±0.63^b	0.18	3.12±0.11^b	0.10	45.28±2.15^b	0.23	4.63±0.78^b	0.57	0.37±0.13^b	0.4	1.00±0.32^ab	0.31	0.069±0.025^ab	0.32
T₅	13.55±0.59^a	0.23	3.29±0.10^a	0.15	48.25±2.85^a	0.28	5.57±0.93^a	0.64	0.54±0.10^a	0.6	1.17±0.22^a	0.41	0.084±0.020^a	0.44

处理 Treat- ments	株高 Height (cm)	化感指数 RI	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	化感指数 RI	叶绿素 Chlorophyll/ SPAD值	化感指数 RI	地上部分Aboveground				地下部分Underground
处理 Treat- ments	株高 Height (cm)	化感指数 RI	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	化感指数 RI	叶绿素 Chlorophyll/ SPAD值	化感指数 RI	鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	化感指数 RI	干重 dry weight (g)	化感指数 RI	鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	化感指数 RI	干重 dry weight (g)	化感指数 RI
CK	10.38±0.29^d	-	2.8±0.05^cd	-	34.72±3.04^d	-	1.98±0.20^d	-	0.23±0.03^cd	-	0.69±0.14^c	-	0.047±0.011^c	-
T₁	10.38±1.08^d	0.00	2.73±0.12^d	-0.02	34.65±0.82^d	0.00	1.91±0.27^d	-0.04	0.20±0.06^d	-0.1	0.70±0.09^c	0.01	0.044±0.007^c	-0.06
T₂	11.45±1.81^c	0.09	2.79±0.09^cd	0.00	40.45±2.90^c	0.14	2.47±0.20^d	0.20	0.23±0.03^cd	0.0	0.74±0.10^c	0.07	0.048±0.009^c	0.02
T₃	12.55±0.19^b	0.17	2.85±0.10^c	0.02	43.87±1.56^b	0.21	3.52±0.62^c	0.44	0.31±0.07^bc	0.3	0.83±0.15^bc	0.17	0.056±0.013^bc	0.16
T₄	12.65±0.63^b	0.18	3.12±0.11^b	0.10	45.28±2.15^b	0.23	4.63±0.78^b	0.57	0.37±0.13^b	0.4	1.00±0.32^ab	0.31	0.069±0.025^ab	0.32
T₅	13.55±0.59^a	0.23	3.29±0.10^a	0.15	48.25±2.85^a	0.28	5.57±0.93^a	0.64	0.54±0.10^a	0.6	1.17±0.22^a	0.41	0.084±0.020^a	0.44

处理 Treat- ments	pH值 pH value	电导率 EC(uS/cm)	养分含量Nutrient Content
处理 Treat- ments	pH值 pH value	电导率 EC(uS/cm)	有机质 SOM (g/kg)	全氮 TN (g/kg)	全磷 TP (g/kg)	全钾 TK (g/kg)	碱解氮 AN (mg/kg)	速效钾 AK (mg/kg)	有效磷 AP (mg/kg)
CK	8.02±0.04^c	123.10±9.38^e	26.40±0.77^b	1.67±0.05^d	1.78±0.10^a	17.98±0.06^a	83.68±4.74^e	357.68±6.14^e	81.71±3.16^a
T₁	8.30±0.01^b	190.57±7.16^d	27.87±0.31^b	1.66±0.01^d	1.53±0.04^bc	17.36±0.16^a	109.83±9.75^d	341.44±16.22^e	85.06±3.53^a
T₂	8.37±0.06^b	215.33±1.16^d	27.93±0.70^b	1.74±0.03^d	1.49±0.06^bc	17.52±0.84^a	110.43±4.09^d	376.13±11.34^d	74.59±4.11^b
T₃	8.43±0.01^b	346.17±13.62^c	27.83±1.43^b	1.93±0.04^c	1.45±0.05^c	17.08±0.33^a	151.87±4.65^b	436.55±3.42^b	81.05±2.46^a
T₄	8.74±0.11^a	481.60±6.10^b	32.04±0.45^a	2.07±0.07^b	1.52±0.04^bc	17.33±0.66^a	140.80±1.31^c	410.98±5.11^c	83.03±1.32^a
T₅	8.59±0.34^ab	646.23±45.40^a	32.69±0.73^a	2.43±0.11^a	1.58±0.05^b	17.44±0.38^a	202.57±5.62^a	778.25±10.32^a	72.87±1.67^b

处理 Treat- ments	pH值 pH value	电导率 EC(uS/cm)	养分含量Nutrient Content
处理 Treat- ments	pH值 pH value	电导率 EC(uS/cm)	有机质 SOM (g/kg)	全氮 TN (g/kg)	全磷 TP (g/kg)	全钾 TK (g/kg)	碱解氮 AN (mg/kg)	速效钾 AK (mg/kg)	有效磷 AP (mg/kg)
CK	8.02±0.04^c	123.10±9.38^e	26.40±0.77^b	1.67±0.05^d	1.78±0.10^a	17.98±0.06^a	83.68±4.74^e	357.68±6.14^e	81.71±3.16^a
T₁	8.30±0.01^b	190.57±7.16^d	27.87±0.31^b	1.66±0.01^d	1.53±0.04^bc	17.36±0.16^a	109.83±9.75^d	341.44±16.22^e	85.06±3.53^a
T₂	8.37±0.06^b	215.33±1.16^d	27.93±0.70^b	1.74±0.03^d	1.49±0.06^bc	17.52±0.84^a	110.43±4.09^d	376.13±11.34^d	74.59±4.11^b
T₃	8.43±0.01^b	346.17±13.62^c	27.83±1.43^b	1.93±0.04^c	1.45±0.05^c	17.08±0.33^a	151.87±4.65^b	436.55±3.42^b	81.05±2.46^a
T₄	8.74±0.11^a	481.60±6.10^b	32.04±0.45^a	2.07±0.07^b	1.52±0.04^bc	17.33±0.66^a	140.80±1.31^c	410.98±5.11^c	83.03±1.32^a
T₅	8.59±0.34^ab	646.23±45.40^a	32.69±0.73^a	2.43±0.11^a	1.58±0.05^b	17.44±0.38^a	202.57±5.62^a	778.25±10.32^a	72.87±1.67^b

项目 Items	第一主成分 1 st principal component	第二主成分 2 nd principal component
蔗糖酶(INV)	0.967	0.157
多酚氧化酶(PPO)	0.878	-0.035
脲酶(URE)	0.967	0.021
过氧化氢酶(CAT)	0.988	-0.116
碱性磷酸酶(AKP)	0.989	0.010
pH值(pH value)	0.851	-0.377
电导率(EC)	0.984	0.084
有机质(SOM)	0.891	0.061
全氮(TN)	0.964	0.244
全磷(TP)	-0.423	0.818
全钾(TK)	-0.541	0.795
碱解氮(AN)	0.971	0.046
速效钾(AK)	0.844	0.460
有效磷(AP)	-0.514	-0.494
特征值Eigenvalue	10.402	2.012
方差贡献率 Proportion of variance (%)	74.298	14.369
累积方差贡献率 Proportion of cumulative variance (%)	74.298	88.667