减施化肥增施蚯蚓粪有机肥对连作甜瓜的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.017

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (8): 1969-1975.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.017

• 园艺特产·农产品加工工程·林业 • 上一篇下一篇

减施化肥增施蚯蚓粪有机肥对连作甜瓜的影响

陈积豪¹^,²(), 张浩¹^,², 梁其干¹^,², 符小发¹^,², 张学军¹^,²^,³, 毛建才²^,³()

1.新疆农业科学院海南三亚农作物育种试验中心,海南三亚 572000
2.三亚明珠甜瓜西瓜展示评价研究中心,海南三亚 572000
3.新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-01-07 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-09-19
通信作者: 毛建才(1989-),男,甘肃张掖人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为甜瓜遗传改良,(E-mail)mjc_fly@foxmail.com
作者简介:陈积豪(1987-),男,海南乐东人,助理研究员,研究方向为甜瓜栽培与育种,(E-mail)hnsycih@xaasaccn
基金资助:
海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(321QN382);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-25)

Effects of optimal fertilization and organic fertilizer application on the yield and quality of oriental melon

CHEN Jihao¹^,²(), ZHANG Hao¹^,², LIANG Qigan¹^,², FU Xiaofa¹^,², ZHANG Xuejun¹^,²^,³, MAO Jiancai²^,³()

1. Hainan Sanya Crops Breeding Trial Center of Xinjiang Academy Agricultural Sciences, Sanya Hainan 572000,China
2. Sanya Mingzhu Melon and Watermelon Variety Demonstration, Evaluation and Research Center, Sanya Hainan 572000,China
3. Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2024-01-07 Published:2024-08-20 Online:2024-09-19
Correspondence author: MAO Jiancai(1989-),male,from Xinjiang, associate researcher, master, research direction: melon breeding and cultivation, (E-mail)mjc_fly@foxmail.com
Supported by:
Hainan Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(321QN382);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-25)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究减施化肥增施蚯蚓粪有机肥对连作甜瓜产量及品质的影响,为甜瓜生产中减施化肥增效提供基础数据。【方法】以甜瓜品种黄梦脆为材料,在优化施肥基础上配施4个蚯蚓粪有机肥梯度处理,研究减施化肥增施蚯蚓粪有机肥对连作甜瓜生理、光合特性、产量、品质和线虫根结数量的影响。【结果】相较于常规施肥,T₂处理的蔓长、蔓鲜重、蔓干重、根鲜重、根干重较对照分别增加了26.3%、39.9%、23.5%、80.6%和53.3%;光合指标T₂处理的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率较对照分别提升了38.6%、45.4%和66.1%,与对照差异显著;甜瓜品质关键指标在T₂处理下达到最大,与对照差异显著。【结论】T₂处理(蚯蚓粪有机肥300 kg/667m²+复合肥50 kg/667m²)综合表现最佳,可作为连作甜瓜施肥。

关键词: 甜瓜; 蚯蚓粪有机肥; 连作甜瓜; 品质; 线虫

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of reducing fertilizer application and increasing organic earthworm manure application on continuous cultivation of muskmelon in the hope of providing basic data for fertilization reduction and efficiency improvement in muskmelon production. 【Methods】 A new melon variety Huangmengcui was used as the material to study the effects of reducing chemical fertilizer and increasing organic vermicompost fertilizer on physiology, photosynthesis, yield, quality and root-tie nematode of continuous cropping melon. 【Results】 Compared with conventional fertilization, the vine length, fresh vine weight, dry vine weight, fresh root weight and dry root weight of T₂ treatment were increased by 26.3%, 39.9%, 23.5%, 80.6% and 53.3%, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate treated with T₂ were increased by 38.6%, 45.4% and 66.1% compared with the control, respectively, and the differences were significant. The comprehensive analysis of yield index and quality index showed that the key quality index of melon reached the maximum under T₂ treatment, which was significantly different from the control. 【Conclusion】 T₂(Earthworm organic fertilizer 300 kg/667m²+compound fertilizer 50 kg/667m²) treatment has the best comprehensive performance, which can be used as a reference for continuous cultivation of melon fertilization.

Key words: melon; compost from earthworm; continuous cultivation of melon; quality; Meloidogyne incognita

中图分类号:

S652

陈积豪, 张浩, 梁其干, 符小发, 张学军, 毛建才. 减施化肥增施蚯蚓粪有机肥对连作甜瓜的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1969-1975.

CHEN Jihao, ZHANG Hao, LIANG Qigan, FU Xiaofa, ZHANG Xuejun, MAO Jiancai. Effects of optimal fertilization and organic fertilizer application on the yield and quality of oriental melon[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(8): 1969-1975.

图/表 6

参考文献 23

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处理 Treatments	蚯蚓粪有机肥 Compost from earthworm (kg/667 m²)	复合肥 Compound fertilizer (kg/667 m²)
CK	0	70
T₁	200	60
T₂	300	50
T₃	400	40
T₄	500	0

处理 Treatments	蚯蚓粪有机肥 Compost from earthworm (kg/667 m²)	复合肥 Compound fertilizer (kg/667 m²)
CK	0	70
T₁	200	60
T₂	300	50
T₃	400	40
T₄	500	0

处理 Treatments	蔓长 Vine length (cm)	蔓鲜重 Vine fresh weight (g)	根鲜重 Root fresh weight (g)	蔓干重 Vine dry weight (g)	根干重 Root dry weight (g)
CK	261.5±3.21^c	675.8±0.89^d	10.8±1.21^d	104.1±0.64^d	1.5±0.05^bc
T₁	286.5±4.67^bc	746.5±0.67^c	12.4±0.98^c	110.8±0.08^c	1.6±0.67^bc
T₂	330.2±2.86^a	945.3±0.05^a	19.5±0.25^a	128.6±0.67^a	2.3±0.33^a
T₃	284.6±1.73^bc	810.7±0.43^b	17.6±0.62^b	115.6±0.43^bc	1.8±0.28^b
T₄	272.5±4.26^b	644.5±0.26^d	10.2±0.54^d	98.5±0.26^d	1.0±0.56^d

处理 Treatments	蔓长 Vine length (cm)	蔓鲜重 Vine fresh weight (g)	根鲜重 Root fresh weight (g)	蔓干重 Vine dry weight (g)	根干重 Root dry weight (g)
CK	261.5±3.21^c	675.8±0.89^d	10.8±1.21^d	104.1±0.64^d	1.5±0.05^bc
T₁	286.5±4.67^bc	746.5±0.67^c	12.4±0.98^c	110.8±0.08^c	1.6±0.67^bc
T₂	330.2±2.86^a	945.3±0.05^a	19.5±0.25^a	128.6±0.67^a	2.3±0.33^a
T₃	284.6±1.73^bc	810.7±0.43^b	17.6±0.62^b	115.6±0.43^bc	1.8±0.28^b
T₄	272.5±4.26^b	644.5±0.26^d	10.2±0.54^d	98.5±0.26^d	1.0±0.56^d

处理 Treatments	纵径 Longitudinal Diameter (cm)	横径 Transverse diameter (cm)	种腔 Seed cavity (cm)	边糖 Edge sugar	心糖 Center sugar	维生素C Vitamin C	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein
CK	15.4±1.05^b	12.6±1.21^c	5.4±1.02^a	10.6±0.45^b	14.3±0.55^b	0.56±0.89^c	0.73±0.65^d
T₁	15.8±0.92^b	13.3±1.33^b	5.1±0.99^a	11.3±0.51^a	15.2±0.46^a	0.63±0.97^b	0.82±0.75^c
T₂	16.7±0.87^a	15.1±1.07^a	5.3±1.04^a	11.7±0.82^a	15.8±0.21^a	0.77±0.84^a	0.95±0.72^a
T₃	16.8±0.96^a	13.2±0.98^b	5.2±0.86^a	10.8±0.67^b	14.9±0.84^a	0.75±0.62^a	0.90±0.93^a
T₄	15.3±0.89^b	13.0±1.01^b	5.1±1.24^a	11.0±0.93^b	14.5±0.51^b	0.70±0.73^a	0.87±0.87^b

减施化肥增施蚯蚓粪有机肥对连作甜瓜的影响

Effects of optimal fertilization and organic fertilizer application on the yield and quality of oriental melon

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