2个葡萄品种授粉结实特性分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同葡萄品种的授粉结实特性,为葡萄杂交育种提供基础数据。【方法】以新郁和绿洲宝石2个葡萄品种为材料,采用自然授粉、自花授粉、去雄不授粉、去雄后在不同时间人工分别授粉(阳光玫瑰、昆香无核花粉)等处理,在授粉1个月后统计果穗坐果率(以下简称坐果率),分析新郁和绿洲宝石授粉结实特性。【结果】新郁葡萄在自然条件下平均坐果率为34.32%,自花授粉的平均坐果率为30.79%。绿洲宝石在自然条件下平均坐果率为24.21%,自花授粉的平均坐果率为18.67%。在始花期前2 d新郁有约3.51%花蕾完成了闭花授粉,绿洲宝石有约5.22%花蕾完成了闭花授粉;在始花期新郁有约19.08%花蕾完成了闭花授粉,绿洲宝石有约24.39%花蕾完成了闭花授粉。4个杂交组合早上授粉处理的平均坐果率均高于傍晚授粉处理的,其中新郁×昆香无核、新郁×阳光玫瑰、绿洲宝石×阳光玫瑰组合的差异显著,绿洲宝石×昆香无核组合的差异不显著。以阳光玫瑰为父本的2个组合坐果率高于以昆香无核为父本的2个组合。6个处理中,处理2早上授粉的平均坐果率最高,处理3傍晚授粉的平均坐果率最低。早上和傍晚授粉的处理1、处理2平均坐果率均高于处理3;处理1与处理2的平均坐果率高低因组合不同存在差异。【结论】新郁和绿洲宝石2个葡萄品种均存在闭花授粉现象,且绿洲宝石的闭花授粉程度高于新郁,吐鲁番市新郁和绿洲宝石葡萄的最佳去雄时间应在始花期的前3~4 d,最佳授粉方式应是待柱头粘液出现时开始授粉,每天授1次,累计授粉3次。

关键词: 葡萄; 授粉; 结实; 果穗坐果率

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the pollination and seed setting characteristics of grape varieties and provide basic data for grape hybrid breeding. 【Methods】 Taking Xinyu and Lvzhoubaoshi as testing materials,experiments on the natural pollination,self pollination,emasculation without pollination,and artificial pollination of Shine Muscat and Kunxiangwuhe pollen at different times after emasculation were carried out. The fruit setting rate of the ear was counted one month after pollination hereinafter referred to as fruit set rate,and the pollination and seed setting characteristics of Xinyu and Lvzhoubaoshi were analyzed. 【Results】 The average fruit setting rate of Xinyu grape under natural conditions was 34.32%,and the average fruit setting rate of self pollination was 30.79%. The average fruit setting rate of Lvzhoubaoshistones under natural conditions was 24.21%,and the average fruit setting rate of self pollination was 18.67%. About 3.51% of the flower buds in Xinyu completed closed pollination two days before the first flowering period,about 5.22% of the flower buds in Lvzhoubaoshi completed closed pollination,about 19.08% of the flower buds in Xinyu completed closed pollination in the first flowering period,and about 24.39% of the flower buds in Lvzhoubaoshi completed closed pollination. The average fruit setting rate of the four hybrid combinations in the morning pollination treatment was higher than that in the evening pollination treatment,among which,the combination of Xinyu + Kunxiangwuhe,Xinyu + Shine Muscat,Lvzhoubaoshi + Shine Muscat were significantly different but the difference between Lvzhoubaoshi + Kunxiangwuhe was not significant. The fruit setting rate of the two combinations with Shine Muscat as the male parent was higher than that of the two combinations with Kunxiangwuhe as the male parent. The average fruit setting rate of treatment 2 pollinated in the morning was the highest,and that of treatment 3 pollinated in the evening was the lowest. The average fruit setting rate of treatment 1 and treatment 2 pollinated in the morning and evening was higher than that of treatment 3. The average fruit setting rate of treatment 1 and treatment 2 was different due to different combinations. 【Conclusion】 Both Xinyu and Lvzhoubaoshistone cultivars have closed flower pollination,and the closed flower pollination degree of Lvzhoubaoshi is higher than that of Xinyu. The best emasculation time of Xinyu and Lvzhoubaoshi grapes in Turpan should be in the first 3-4 days of the first flowering period,and the best pollination measures should be started when stigma mucus appears,once a day,and three times in total.

Key words: grape; pollination; fruit; ear setting rate

中图分类号:

S663.1

王勇, 李玉玲, 苏来曼·艾则孜, 户金鸽, 孙锋, 伍国红. 2个葡萄品种授粉结实特性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 101-108.

WANG Yong, LI Yuling, Sulaiman Aizezi, HU Jinge, SUN Feng, WU Guohong. Study on pollination and seed setting characteristics of two grape cultivars[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(1): 101-108.

图/表 6

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品种名称 Variety name	种属 Species	亲本 Parents	育成年份 Years of breeding	主要性状 Main characters
新郁 Xinyu	欧亚种	新葡1号×里扎马特	2005	紫红色、果穗圆锥形,果粒椭圆形、穗重约1 000 kg, 粒重10 g以上,有核,中晚熟,5月中旬开花
绿洲宝石 Lvzhoubaoshi	欧亚种	红地球×早收麝香	2021	黄绿色、果穗圆锥形,果粒椭圆形、穗重约500 kg, 粒重约8 g,有核,中等玫瑰香味、中熟,5月中旬开花

品种名称 Variety name	种属 Species	亲本 Parents	育成年份 Years of breeding	主要性状 Main characters
新郁 Xinyu	欧亚种	新葡1号×里扎马特	2005	紫红色、果穗圆锥形,果粒椭圆形、穗重约1 000 kg, 粒重10 g以上,有核,中晚熟,5月中旬开花
绿洲宝石 Lvzhoubaoshi	欧亚种	红地球×早收麝香	2021	黄绿色、果穗圆锥形,果粒椭圆形、穗重约500 kg, 粒重约8 g,有核,中等玫瑰香味、中熟,5月中旬开花

品种 Varieties	坐果率 Fruition setting rate(%)
品种 Varieties	果穗1 Ear 1	果穗2 Ear 2	果穗3 Ear 3	平均值 Average
新郁 Xinyu	32.80	23.41	46.75	34.32±11.74 ^aA
绿洲宝石 Lvzhoubaoshi	19.50	31.74	21.38	24.21±6.59 ^aA

品种 Varieties	坐果率 Fruition setting rate(%)
品种 Varieties	果穗1 Ear 1	果穗2 Ear 2	果穗3 Ear 3	平均值 Average
新郁 Xinyu	32.80	23.41	46.75	34.32±11.74 ^aA
绿洲宝石 Lvzhoubaoshi	19.50	31.74	21.38	24.21±6.59 ^aA

品种 Varieties	坐果率 Fruition rate(%)
品种 Varieties	果穗1 Ear 1	果穗2 Ear 2	果穗3 Ear 3	平均值 Average
新郁 Xinyu	35.33	24.90	32.14	30.79±5.34 ^aA
绿洲宝石 Lvzhoubaoshi	24.86	12.40	18.75	18.67±6.23 ^aA