白星花金龟取食葡萄枝条的高效腐解条件和转化参数优化

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.022

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (12): 3067-3077.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.022

• 草业·植物保护·畜牧兽医 • 上一篇下一篇

白星花金龟取食葡萄枝条的高效腐解条件和转化参数优化

徐安东¹(), 张广杰¹, 付娆¹, 孟卓¹, 颜宇¹, 李保国², 马德英¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院/新疆农业大学农林业有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆生产建设兵团第五师83团天丰牧业发展有限公司,新疆精河 833303

收稿日期:2024-04-27 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2025-01-16
通信作者: 马德英(1968-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为有害生物绿色防控,(E- mail)mdynd@163.com
作者简介:徐安东(1998-),新疆喀什人,硕士研究生,研究方向为资源昆虫及废弃物资源化利用,(E-mail)1625461918@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团第五师双河市科技项目(21XM03);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项(2022B02046)

Optimization of high-efficiency decomposition conditions and transformation parameters of grapevine branches eaten by the Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis

XU Andong¹(), ZHANG Guangjie¹, FU Rao¹, MENG Zhuo¹, YAN Yu¹, LI Baoguo², MA Deying¹()

1. Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Safety Prevention and Control of Agriculture and Forest Pests/ College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052, China; Urumqi 830052, China
2. Tianfeng Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd. of the 83th Regiment, the 5th Division, Jinghe Xinjiang 833303, China

Received:2024-04-27 Published:2024-12-20 Online:2025-01-16
Supported by:
Shuanghe City S&T Project of the Fifth Division, XCPP(21XM03);Key Scientific R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02046)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究白星花金龟取食葡萄枝条的高效腐解条件和转化参数优化,为葡萄枝条的资源化利用提供新路径。【方法】 以粉碎的葡萄枝条为主要原料,开展腐解菌剂、牛粪配比(%)和酵化天数(d)的3因素5水平正交试验,测定幼虫对物料的转化力,筛选并验证白星花金龟幼虫取食葡萄枝条的最优组合。【结果】 牛粪配比在第10、15、25和30 d达到显著差异水平,牛粪配比越高,其温度越高,酵化速度越好,添加菌剂和牛粪对物料的酵化有较好的促进作用;每120 g的葡萄枝条原料,辅加80 g的牛粪,添加1‰VT菌剂,发酵25 d后,获得配合饲料96 g,经白星花金龟3龄幼虫转化后,虫砂量为(77.53±22.43) g,虫体转化率(37.16%±0.04%),虫砂转化率为(84.99%±0.01%),虫砂收获系数(59.47%±0.04%),有机物料利用率在(61.17%±0.02%)。【结论】 白星花金龟3龄幼虫对发酵葡萄枝条饲料具有较好的转化力,添加1%VT菌剂、40%牛粪,酵化25 d为最佳酵化方案。

关键词: 葡萄枝条; 白星花金龟幼虫; 腐解菌剂; 生物转化; 资源化利用

Abstract:

【Objective】 Optimization of high-efficiency decomposition conditions and transformation parameters of grapevine branches eaten by the Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis,which has provided a new way for the resource utilization of grape branches.【Methods】 Crushed grape branches were taken as the main raw materials, the orthogonal experiment of 3 factors and 5 levels was performed, which included the decomposition inoculants, the ratio of cow dung (%) and the number of fermentation days (d).By measuring the conversion power of larvae to the materials, the optimal combination of feeding grape branches by the larva was screened and verified.【Results】 The results showed that the proportion of cow dung reached a significant difference level at the 10 th, 15 th, 25 th and 30 th days.The higher the proportion of cow dung, the higher the temperature, indicating the better fermentation rate, and the addition of decomposition inoculants and cow dung had a better promotion effect on the fermentation of materials.After fermentation for 25 days, 96 g of compound feed was obtained from each 120 g of raw grape branches, supplemented with 80g of cow dung and 1‰ VT decomposition inoculants.After the conversion of the 3rd larva, the insect sand content was (77.53±22.43)g, the insect body conversion rate was (37.16%±0.04%), and the insect sand conversion rate was (84.99%±0.01%).The harvest coefficient of insect sand was (59.47%±0.04%), and the utilization rate of organic materials was (61.17%±0.02%).【Conclusion】 The 3rd instar larvae of the Protaetia brevitars has a good conversion ability to ferment grape branch feed.Adding 1%VT decomposition inoculants, 40% cow dung and after 25 d fermentation is the best fermentation scheme.

Key words: grape branches; larvae of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis; decomposing inoculants; biotransformation; resource utilization

中图分类号:

S432

徐安东, 张广杰, 付娆, 孟卓, 颜宇, 李保国, 马德英. 白星花金龟取食葡萄枝条的高效腐解条件和转化参数优化[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(12): 3067-3077.

XU Andong, ZHANG Guangjie, FU Rao, MENG Zhuo, YAN Yu, LI Baoguo, MA Deying. Optimization of high-efficiency decomposition conditions and transformation parameters of grapevine branches eaten by the Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(12): 3067-3077.

图/表 16

参考文献 26

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腐解菌剂 Decomposition inoculant	主要功能菌 Main functional bacteria	有效活菌数 Effective number ofviable bacteria (100 million/g)	推荐用量 Recomm ended dosage (kg/t)
RW特配型 (鹤壁人元)	细菌(枯草、地衣、胶冻)、丝状菌和酵母菌	100	10
VT-1000 (北京沃土)	芽孢、放线、乳酸和霉菌	200	1
LK (中农绿康)	芽孢、木霉和酵母	8	0.5
LL(山东绿陇)	枯草/地衣芽孢杆菌, 酵母、绿色木霉	200	10
EM(日本)	酵母菌、乳酸菌	100	10

腐解菌剂 Decomposition inoculant	主要功能菌 Main functional bacteria	有效活菌数 Effective number ofviable bacteria (100 million/g)	推荐用量 Recomm ended dosage (kg/t)
RW特配型 (鹤壁人元)	细菌(枯草、地衣、胶冻)、丝状菌和酵母菌	100	10
VT-1000 (北京沃土)	芽孢、放线、乳酸和霉菌	200	1
LK (中农绿康)	芽孢、木霉和酵母	8	0.5
LL(山东绿陇)	枯草/地衣芽孢杆菌, 酵母、绿色木霉	200	10
EM(日本)	酵母菌、乳酸菌	100	10

水平 Levels	因素Factors
水平 Levels	腐解菌剂 Decomposition inoculants	牛粪配比 Manure proportion (%)	酵化天数 Fermentation days (d)
1	RW	10	10
2	VT	20	15
3	LK	30	20
4	LL	40	25
5	EM	50	30

水平 Levels	因素Factors
水平 Levels	腐解菌剂 Decomposition inoculants	牛粪配比 Manure proportion (%)	酵化天数 Fermentation days (d)
1	RW	10	10
2	VT	20	15
3	LK	30	20
4	LL	40	25
5	EM	50	30

处理 Treatments	因素Factors
处理 Treatments	腐解菌剂 Decomposition inoculants	牛粪配比 Manure proportion (%)	酵化天数 Fermentation days (d)
CK	0	0	0
CK₁	0	0	10
CK₂	0	0	15
CK₃	0	0	20
CK₄	0	0	25
CK₅	0	0	30

白星花金龟取食葡萄枝条的高效腐解条件和转化参数优化

Optimization of high-efficiency decomposition conditions and transformation parameters of grapevine branches eaten by the Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis

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图/表 16

参考文献 26

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Metrics

处理 Treatments	腐解菌剂 Decomposition inoculant	牛粪配比 Manure proportion (%)	酵化天数 Fermentation days(d)
1	RW	30	20
2	RW	20	15
3	VT	30	10
4	LK	10	15
5	LL	30	15
6	LK	50	10
7	LK	30	25
8	LL	40	20
9	EM	40	10
10	VT	40	15
11	LK	40	30
12	LL	10	30
13	EM	20	25
14	EM	30	30
15	VT	50	20
16	EM	50	15
17	RW	40	25
18	RW	50	30
19	RW	10	10
20	LL	50	25
21	EM	10	20
22	VT	20	30
23	LK	20	20
24	LL	20	10
25	VT	10	25

处理 Treatments	腐解菌剂 Decomposition inoculant	牛粪配比 Manure proportion (%)	酵化天数 Fermentation days(d)
1	RW	30	20
2	RW	20	15
3	VT	30	10
4	LK	10	15
5	LL	30	15
6	LK	50	10
7	LK	30	25
8	LL	40	20
9	EM	40	10
10	VT	40	15
11	LK	40	30
12	LL	10	30
13	EM	20	25
14	EM	30	30
15	VT	50	20
16	EM	50	15
17	RW	40	25
18	RW	50	30
19	RW	10	10
20	LL	50	25
21	EM	10	20
22	VT	20	30
23	LK	20	20
24	LL	20	10
25	VT	10	25

因素和水平 Factor and level		温度Temperature(℃)
因素和水平 Factor and level		1 d		5 d		10 d		15 d		20 d		25 d		30 d
腐解菌剂Decomposing inoculants (A)
RW	49.18±4.09^a		49.62±2.65^a		53.70±2.28^a		55.40±1.46^a		54.84±2.05^a		45.98±0.96^a		45.08±4.36^a
VT	50.98±2.25^a		53.24±2.44^a		56.04±2.25^a		55.04±1.99^a		55.74±1.25^a		47.58±0.64^a		42.66±3.92^a
LK	49.14±3.90^a		51.62±3.58^a		57.40±1.79^a		53.58±1.92^a		56.1±0.87^a		46.14±1.53^a		38.54±3.92^a
LL	50.92±4.31^a		53.42±3.60^a		54.06±3.15^a		52.08±2.18^a		55.5±0.83^a		47.28±1.69^a		39.84±4.96^a
EM	50.92±3.81^a		54.76±3.13^a		52.90±2.26^a		53.14±1.06^a		52.96±1.4^a		45.64±1.05^a		38.04±4.29^a
牛粪配比Manure proportion (B /%)
10	53.50±4.46^a		53.18±3.19^a		53.40±2.36^ab		54.46±1.97^ab		54.08±0.74^a		44.36±1.26^b		35.80±4.30^b
20	49.28±3.78^ab		51.08±4.17^a		53.02±1.76^ab		57.16±2.25^a		55.52±1.08^a		45.32±1.07^b		39.98±5.04^b
30	55.22±3.15^a		56.86±1.84^a		59.04±0.50^a		51.34±1.63^b		54.86±0.72^a		46.9±0.66^ab		35.02±1.09^b
40	49.84±1.43^ab		53.08±2.09^a		58.06±1.02^a		52.94±1.00^ab		54.34±1.74^a		47.04±0.9^ab		41.94±3.34^ab
50	43.30±1.93^b		48.46±2.74^a		50.58±3.02^b		53.34±0.49^ab		56.34±2.14^a		49.00±1.11^a		51.42±1.43^a
发酵天数Fermentation days (C /d)
10	47.12±1.53^a		51.74±1.82^a		55.26±2.23^a		55.62±1.63^a		55.78±0.45^a		47.18±1.25^a		42.16±2.85^a
15	53.62±2.95^a		56.50±1.78^a		55.76±2.27^a		50.30±1.22^b		53.58±1.52^a		46.48±1.32^a		37.54±4.03^a
20	48.32±4.05^a		50.30±3.33^a		54.48±2.12^a		55.76±1.45^a		56.66±1.12^a		46.78±0.47^a		42.70±2.74^a
25	49.64±4.37^a		50.96±3.96^a		53.86±3.20^a		53.54±1.04^ab		54.52±1.78^a		46.04±1.68^a		40.80±6.15^a
30	47.12±1.53^a		53.16±3.62^a		54.74±2.56^a		54.02±2.30^ab		54.60±1.53^a		46.14±1.34^a		40.96±5.28^a
CK	52.8		54.1		52.1		50.3		52.9		43.5		34.7
气温Air temper- ature	27.50		24.50		32.50		37.50		37.00		18.50		19.50

因素和水平 Factor and level	取食量 Food intake (g)	增重量 Larvae weight gain(g)	虫砂量 Dung-sand weight(g)	饲料利用率 Feed utilization rate(%)	虫砂转化率 Dung-sand conversion rate(%)	虫体转化率 Insect transformation rate(%)
腐解菌剂Decomposing inoculants (A)
RW	85.24±5.40^a	7.54±1.03^a	67.23±4.98^b	47.56±0.03^a	84.98±0.02^b	43.21±0.07^c
VT	86.79±4.01^a	6.59±0.71^a	74.20±4.97^a	46.51±0.02^a	91.58±0.02^a	85.56±0.2^ab
LK	75.34±4.06^b	6.77±0.85^a	63.17±3.62^c	40.98±0.02^b	91.74±0.02^a	79.71±0.24^a
LL	72.93±7.67^b	6.97±1.10^a	63.82±7.05^c	39.58±0.04^b	92.59±0.02^a	76.56±0.11^ab
EM	72.97±4.37^b	6.33±0.52^a	61.84±4.37^c	39.47±0.02^b	92.41±0.02^a	68.24±0.07^b
牛粪配比Manure proportion (B /%)
10	47.79±3.24^e	3.27±0.59^c	38.43±2.65^e	25.59±0.02^e	86.45±0.02^c	38.25±0.07^c
20	59.15±3.87^d	4.05±0.54^c	43.32±2.99^d	32.84±0.02^d	78.94±0.01^b	23.29±0.03^c
30	80.38±1.53^c	7.30±0.52^b	67.64±1.80^c	43.98±0.01^c	93.21±0.02^b	56.20±0.28^a
40	97.69±3.18^b	9.53±0.86^a	84.59±2.41^b	53.51±0.02^b	96.54±0.01^a	86.25±0.08^b
50	105.97±2.91^a	10.09±0.84^a	94.07±2.56^a	57.48±0.02^a	98.68±0.01^a	78.65±0.14^a
发酵天数Fermentation days (C /d)
10	57.36±4.44^c	2.77±0.36^d	47.35±22.54^c	30.39±0.02^d	83.45±0.02^c	35.58±0.07^c
15	78.64±4.73^b	5.69±0.65^c	68.13±23.08^b	42.84±0.03^c	92.47±0.02^ab	65.22±0.10^bc
20	80.36±5.15^b	7.21±0.67^b	68.60±27.21^b	43.84±0.03^bc	92.15±0.02^ab	89.41±0.16^b
25	92.25±4.36^a	11.14±0.64^a	77.53±22.43^a	50.64±0.02^a	95.65±0.02^a	94.65±0.27^a
30	82.38±5.57^b	7.42±1.02^b	66.44±22.44^b	45.69±0.03^b	88.29±0.01^b	85.99±0.07^c

发酵天数 Days of fermentation (d)	取食量 Food intake (g)	增重量 Larvae weight gain (g)	虫砂量 Dung-sand weight (g)	饲料利用率 Feed utilization rate (%)	虫砂转化率 Dung-sand conversion rate (%)	虫体转化率 Insect transformation rate (%)
0	16.33±0.17^b	0.28±0.17^b	7.26±0.17^d	8.61±0.17^d	49.44±0.17^c	4.03±0.17^d
10	27.51±0.46^b	1.42±0.46^b	20.84±0.46^bc	26.21±0.59^a	98.01±0.59^a	30.52±0.59^bc
15	29.53±0.07^b	0.2±0.07^b	14.94±0.07^c	16.08±0.07^b	52.63±0.07^c	1.58±0.07^bc
20	26.29±0.04^b	0.49±0.04^b	17.85±0.04^bc	13.76±0.04^bc	70.28±0.04^bc	37.16±0.04^a
25	51.38±0.59^a	2.96±0.59^a	47.49±0.59^a	14.35±0.46^bc	84.30±0.46^ab	34.57±0.46^b
30	29.39±0.33^c	1.49±0.33^b	22.61±0.33^b	15.21±0.33^bc	81.07±0.33^ab	22.22±0.33^b

源 Source	因变量 Dependent Variable	III型平方和 Type III Sum of Squares	自由度Df	均方 Mean Square	F	Sig.
校正模型 Corrected Model	虫增重	1 991.087^a	24	82.962	21.408	0.000
	取食量	86 925.924^b	24	3 621.913	177.448	0.000
	虫体转化率	74.440^c	24	3.102	37.180	0.000
	虫砂转化率	1.306^d	24	0.054	25.291	0.000
	虫砂收获系数	2.237^e	24	0.093	188.099	0.000
	有机物料利用率	2.642^f	24	0.110	136.278	0.000
	虫砂量	77 401.852^g	24	3 225.077	181.767	0.000
牛粪配比 Manure proportion	虫增重	13.202	1	13.202	3.407	0.068
	取食量	0.112	1	0.112	0.006	0.941
	虫体转化率	26.073	1	26.073	312.537	0.000
	虫砂转化率	0.110	1	0.110	51.183	0.000
	虫砂收获系数	0.004	1	0.004	8.924	0.004
	有机物料利用率	0.002	1	0.002	2.086	0.152
	虫砂量	394.258	1	394.258	22.221	0.000
发酵天数 Fermentation days	虫增重	140.625	1	140.625	36.288	0.000
	取食量	3 979.227	1	3 979.227	194.953	0.000
	虫体转化率	0.479	1	0.479	5.745	0.018
	虫砂转化率	0.007	1	0.007	3.204	0.076
	虫砂收获系数	0.078	1	0.078	158.128	0.000
	有机物料利用率	0.127	1	0.127	157.525	0.000
	虫砂量	2 441.719	1	2 441.719	137.616	0.000
误差 Error	虫增重	387.521	100	3.875
	取食量	2 041.116	100	20.411
	虫体转化率	8.342	100	0.083
	虫砂转化率	0.215	100	0.002
	虫砂收获系数	0.050	100	0.000
	有机物料利用率	0.081	100	0.001
	虫砂量	1 774.293	100	17.743
校正总计 Corrected total	虫增重	2 378.609	124
	取食量	88 967.040	124
	虫体转化率	82.782	124
	虫砂转化率	1.521	124
	虫砂收获系数	2.287	124
	有机物料利用率	2.723	124
	虫砂量	79 176.145	124
a.R² = 0.837(调整R² = 0.798);b.R² = 0.977(调整R² = 0.972) c.R² = 0.899(调整R² = 0.875);d.R² = 0.859(调整R² = 0.825) e.R² = 0.978(调整R² = 0.973);f.R² = 0.970(调整R² = 0.963) g.R² = 0.978(调整R² = 0.972)

[1]	周欣, 刘旋峰, 姜羽晗, 张海春, 杨豫新, 叶尔波拉提·铁木尔, 蒋永新, 张丽. 新疆棉田废旧地膜机械化回收及资源化利用现状及发展趋势[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(S1): 131-141.
[2]	张连俊, 李金兰, 张帅, 张广杰, 杨柳, 徐韬, 马德英, 刘玉升. 2种昆虫虫粪对辣椒生长及果实品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(8): 1511-1518.

处理 Treatments	腐解菌剂 Decomposition inoculant	牛粪配比 Manure proportion (%)	酵化天数 Fermentation days(d)
1	RW	30	20
2	RW	20	15
3	VT	30	10
4	LK	10	15
5	LL	30	15
6	LK	50	10
7	LK	30	25
8	LL	40	20
9	EM	40	10
10	VT	40	15
11	LK	40	30
12	LL	10	30
13	EM	20	25
14	EM	30	30
15	VT	50	20
16	EM	50	15
17	RW	40	25
18	RW	50	30
19	RW	10	10
20	LL	50	25
21	EM	10	20
22	VT	20	30
23	LK	20	20
24	LL	20	10
25	VT	10	25

处理 Treatments	腐解菌剂 Decomposition inoculant	牛粪配比 Manure proportion (%)	酵化天数 Fermentation days(d)
1	RW	30	20
2	RW	20	15
3	VT	30	10
4	LK	10	15
5	LL	30	15
6	LK	50	10
7	LK	30	25
8	LL	40	20
9	EM	40	10
10	VT	40	15
11	LK	40	30
12	LL	10	30
13	EM	20	25
14	EM	30	30
15	VT	50	20
16	EM	50	15
17	RW	40	25
18	RW	50	30
19	RW	10	10
20	LL	50	25
21	EM	10	20
22	VT	20	30
23	LK	20	20
24	LL	20	10
25	VT	10	25

处理 Treatments	腐解菌剂 Decomposition inoculant	牛粪配比 Manure proportion (%)	酵化天数 Fermentation days(d)
1	RW	30	20
2	RW	20	15
3	VT	30	10
4	LK	10	15
5	LL	30	15
6	LK	50	10
7	LK	30	25
8	LL	40	20
9	EM	40	10
10	VT	40	15
11	LK	40	30
12	LL	10	30
13	EM	20	25
14	EM	30	30
15	VT	50	20
16	EM	50	15
17	RW	40	25
18	RW	50	30
19	RW	10	10
20	LL	50	25
21	EM	10	20
22	VT	20	30
23	LK	20	20
24	LL	20	10
25	VT	10	25

处理 Treatments	腐解菌剂 Decomposition inoculant	牛粪配比 Manure proportion (%)	酵化天数 Fermentation days(d)
1	RW	30	20
2	RW	20	15
3	VT	30	10
4	LK	10	15
5	LL	30	15
6	LK	50	10
7	LK	30	25
8	LL	40	20
9	EM	40	10
10	VT	40	15
11	LK	40	30
12	LL	10	30
13	EM	20	25
14	EM	30	30
15	VT	50	20
16	EM	50	15
17	RW	40	25
18	RW	50	30
19	RW	10	10
20	LL	50	25
21	EM	10	20
22	VT	20	30
23	LK	20	20
24	LL	20	10
25	VT	10	25