正反交对玉米杂交种茎秆抗倒伏性能及种植密度的响应

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究正反交对玉米杂交种F₁植株形态特征、抗倒伏特性、杂种优势及耐密性的影响。【方法】选择母本相同、父本不同的两个杂交种KX2564和KX3564及其亲本,采用反交方法培育父本相同、母本不同的2个杂交种反-KX2564和反-KX3564为材料,设置低、中和高3个种植密度(4.5×10⁴、9.0×10⁴和13.5×10⁴株/hm²)。【结果】种植密度从4.5×10⁴株/hm²增加到13.5×10⁴株/hm²时,亲本及杂交种节粗、单位节长干重明显降低,茎秆抗倒伏强度下降,田间倒伏率逐渐增加。正交试验中,母本自交系的节粗、单位节长干重显著高于父本,正交组合的超父优势高于超母优势,节长的超母优势高于超父优势,而杂种优势随密度的增加而降低。茎秆穿刺强度和弯曲强度的超父优势较高,弯曲强度的杂种优势随密度增加而增加。反交时,反交组合节粗、单位节长干重的超母优势较高,单位节长干重的杂种优势随着种植密度增加而降低。母本的倒伏率高于父本和杂交种,茎秆强度的超母优势高于超父优势。杂交种穗粒数和千粒重均随密度的增加而减小,产量随着密度的增加显著增加。KX3564的穗粒数、千粒重和产量均显著高于KX2564,杂交种产量及构成因素的杂种优势指数随密度的增加逐渐降低。【结论】选择节长短、节间直径粗、单位节长干重、茎秆强度高的丰产类型自交系作父本,单穗粒数多、子粒重的自交系作母本,有利于提高杂交种的茎秆抗倒伏能力,培育抗倒、高产耐密品种。

关键词: 玉米; 亲本; 正反交; 茎秆强度; 杂种优势

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the effects of reciprocal crosses on plant morphological characteristics, lodging resistance, heterosis and density tolerance of maize hybrid F₁.【Methods】In this experiment, two hybrids KX2564 and KX3564 with the same female parent but different male parent and their parents were selected, and the two hybrids trans-KX2564 and trans-KX3564 with the same male parent but different female parent were cultivated by backcrossing as materials with three planting densities, that was low, medium and high densities (4.5×10⁴, 9.0×10⁴ and 13.5×10⁴ plants/hm²).【Results】When the planting density increased from 4.5×10⁴ to 13.5×10⁴ plants/hm², the node thickness and dry weight per unit length of the parents and hybrids decreased significantly, the lodging resistance of stems decreased, and the lodging rate in the field increased gradually. In the orthogonal experiment, the internode thickness, dry weight per unit length of the inbred lines of the female parent were significantly higher than those of the male parent, the super father advantage was higher than the super mother advantage for hybrids, while the super mother advantage was higher than the super father advantage for internode length, the hybrid advantage of internode length decreased with increasing density. When the super father advantage of stalk puncture strength and bending strength was higher, the hybrid advantage of bending strength increased with increasing density. In reverse cross, The inverse cross combination had higher super-mother advantage in node thickness and dry weight unit node length, and the hybrid advantage in dry weight unit node length decreased with increasing planting density. The lodging rate of female was higher than that of male and hybrid, and the super-mother advantage was higher in strength. Grain per spike and 1,000-grain weight of hybrids decreased with the increase of density, and yield increased significantly with the increase of density. Grain per spike, 1,000-grain weight and yield of KX3564 were significantly higher than those of KX2564, and the hybrid advantage of yield and constitutive factors of the hybrids gradually decreased with increasing density.【Conclusion】The selection of selfed lines with short internode length, thick internode diameter, high dry weight per unit length, stalk strength and yield as the father, and high grains of ears and 1,000-grains weight as the mother is conducive to increasing the stalk resistance of hybrids and breeding resistant and high yielding dense varieties.

Key words: maize; parentage; reciprocal cross; stalk strength; hybrid advantage

中图分类号:

S513

段燕燕, 胡静, 祁炳琴, 潘志远, 吴昊楠, 勾玲. 正反交对玉米杂交种茎秆抗倒伏性能及种植密度的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(12): 2949-2961.

DUAN Yanyan, HU Jing, QI Bingqin, PAN Zhiyuan, WU Haonan, GOU Ling. Response of reciprocal cross to lodging resistance and planting density of maize hybrids[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(12): 2949-2961.

图/表 15

参考文献 24

[1]	田保明, 杨光圣, 曹刚强, 等. 农作物倒伏及其评价方法[J]. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(7):111-114.
	TIAN Baoming, YANG Guangsheng, CAO Gangqiang, et al. The performance of lodging and developing a standard test for lodging resistance in crops[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2005, 21(7):111-114.
[2]	刘鑫, 谢瑞芝, 牛兴奎, 等. 种植密度对东北地区不同年代玉米生产主推品种抗倒伏性能的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2012,(5):126-130.
	LIU Xin, XIE Ruizhi, NIU Xingkui, et al. Effects of planting density on lodging resistance performance of maize varieties of different eras in north-east china[J]. Crops, 2012,(5):126-130.
[3]	徐田军, 吕天放, 陈传永, 等. 种植密度和植物生长调节剂对玉米茎秆性状的影响及调控[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(4):629-638. DOI
	XU Tianjun, LYU Tianfang, CHEN Chuanyong, et al. Effects of plant density and plant growth regulator on stalk traits of maize and their regulation[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(4):629-638. DOI
[4]	Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ye D, et al. Ethephon improved stalk strength of maize (Zea Mays L. )mainly through altering internode morphological traits to modulate mechanical properties under field conditions[J]. Agronomy, 2019, 9(4):186. DOI URL
[5]	谷利敏, 乔江方, 张美微, 等. 种植密度对不同耐密夏玉米品种茎秆性状与抗倒伏能力的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2017, 25(5):91-97.
	GU Limin, QIAO Jiangfang, ZHANG Meiwei, et al. Effect of planting density on stalk characteristics and lodging-resistant capacity of different density-resistant summer maize varieties[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2017, 25(5):91-97.
[6]	Xue Jun, Xie Ruizhi, Zhang Wangfeng, et al. Research progress on reduced lodging of high-yield and-density maize[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(12):2717-2725. DOI URL
[7]	Robertson D, Smith S, Gardunia B, et al. An improved method for accurate phenotyping of corn stalk strength[J]. Crop Science, 2014, 54(5):2038-2044. DOI URL
[8]	黄海, 常莹, 吴春胜, 等. 群体密度对玉米茎秆强度及相关生理指标的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 42(4):81-87,101.
	HUANG Hai, CHANG Ying, WU Chunsheng, et al. Effects of population density on strength and related physiological indexes of maize stalk[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Ed.), 2014, 42(4):81-87,101.
[9]	梁文科. 热带温带玉米群体育种价值评估及光周期反应敏感性指标研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2008.
	LIANG Wenke. Assessment on Potential of Tropical & Temperate Maize Populations and Indes Analysis of Photoperiod Sensitivity[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2008.
[10]	燕树锋, 刘海芳, 孙书库, 等. 玉米抗茎秆倒伏相关因素的影响[J]. 分子植物育种, 2017, 15(6):2353-2358.
	YAN Shufeng, LIU Haifang, SUN Shuku, et al. The effects of correlative factors on stem lodging resistance in maize[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2017, 15(6):2353-2358.
[11]	王永学, 张战辉, 刘宗华. 玉米抗倒伏性状的配合力效应及通径分析[J]. 河南农业大学学报, 2011, 45 (1):1-6.
	WANG Yongxue, ZHANG Zhanhui, LIU Zonghua. Combining ability and path analysis of lodging resistance traits in maize[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2011, 45 (1):1-6.
[12]	李碧霞, 祁炳琴, 朱丽斌, 等. 玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系抗倒伏特性的研究[J]. 西北农业学报, 2020, 29(1):28-34.
	LI Bixia, QI Bingqin, ZHU Libin, et al. Study on lodging resistance characteristics of maize hybrids and its parent inbred lines[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2020, 29(1):28-34.
[13]	柴孟竹. 乙烯利对不同基因型玉米茎秆抗倒伏性的调控效应[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2018.
	CHAI Mengzhu. Effect of Ethephon on Lodging Resistance of Different Genotype Maize Stem[D]. Harbin: Northeat Agricultural University, 2018.
[14]	Tang Z, Yang Z, Hu Z, et al. Cytonuclear epistatic quantitative trait locus mapping for plant height and ear height in maize[J]. Molecular Breeding, 2013, 31(1):1-14. DOI URL
[15]	马青美, 裴玉贺, 葛兆鹏, 等. 玉米茎秆抗推力的遗传效应分析[J]. 西南农业学报, 2017, 30(11):2425-2428.
	MA Qingmei, PEI Yuhe, GE Zhaopeng, et al. Genetic effect of maize stalk anti-thrust[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 30(11):2425-2428.
[16]	Jumbo M B, Carena M J. Combining ability, maternal, and reciprocal effects of elite early-maturing maize population hybrids[J]. Euphytica, 2008, 162(3):325-333. DOI URL
[17]	高鑫, 高聚林, 于晓芳, 等. 高密植对不同类型玉米品种茎秆抗倒特性及产量的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2012, 20(4):69-73.
	GAO Xin, GAO Julin, YU Xiaofang, et al. Stalks lodging-resistance characteristics and yield traits among different maize varieties under high close planting[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2012, 20(4):69-73.
[18]	孙世贤, 戴俊英, 顾慰连. 氮、磷、钾肥对玉米倒伏及其产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 1989, 22(3):28-33,96-97.
	SUN Shixian, DAI Junying, GU Weilian. Effect of nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers on lodging and yield of Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1989, 22(3):28-33,96-97.
[19]	Chen S, Chen H, Shen X, et al. Effects of planting density and nitrogen amount on stalk lodging-resistance and yield of summer maize in Sichuan basin[J]. Agricultural Science & Technology, 2012, 13(10):2147-2151.
[20]	朱丽斌. 玉米杂交种木质素积累对茎秆强度形成的影响及其杂种优势分析[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2020.
	ZHU Libin. Effects of Lignin Accumulation on Stalk Strength Formation and Its Heterosis Analysis in Maize Hybrids[D]. Shihezi: Shihezi University, 2020.
[21]	侯延荣, 曹修才, 张桂阁, 等. 玉米杂交种主要性状的杂交优势分析[J]. 玉米科学, 1997, 5(1):30-31,71.
	HOU Yanrong, CAO Xiucai, ZHANG Guige, et al. Analysis of hybrid superiority of main characters in maize hybrids[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 1997, 5(1):30-31,71.
[22]	梁晓杰. 玉米自交系的聚类分析及其与杂交种的遗传关系研究[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2014.
	LIANG Xiaojie. The Cluster Analysis of Maize Inbred Liner and Study on Genetic Correlation between Parents and their Hybrids[D]. Zhengzhou: Henan Agricultural University, 2014.
[23]	杨锦越, 宋碧, 罗英舰, 等. 种植密度对不同玉米品种抗倒力学特性的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2018, 31(8):1584-1590.
	YANG Jinyue, SONG Bi, LOU Yingjian, et al. Effects of planting density on resistance mechanical properties of different maize varieties[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 31(8):1584-1590.
[24]	刘胜群, 宋凤斌, 朱先灿, 等. 玉米穗下节间与抗倒性相关的某些性状对增加密度的响应[J]. 土壤与作物, 2013, 2(4):145-149.
	LIU Shengqun, SONG Fengbin, ZHU Xiancan, et al. Responses of internodes below ear and lodging-related traits to increased planting density in maize[J]. Soils and Crops, 2013, 2(4):145-149.

编辑推荐 0

Metrics

阅读次数

全文

HTML			PDF

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版	最新录用	在线预览	正式出版
0	0	14	0	0	50

来源	本网站	其他网站

次数	31	33
比例	48%	52%

摘要

175

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版

0	0	175

来源	本网站	其他网站

次数	70	105
比例	40%	60%

年份 Year	类型 Type	杂交种 Hybrid	母本 Female parent	父本 Male parent
2020	正交	KX2564	KW4M029	KW7M031
2020	正交	KX3564	KW4M029	KW7M14
2021	正交	KX2564	KW4M029	KW7M031
	正交	KX3564	KW4M029	KW7M14
	反交	反-KX2564	KW7M031	KW4M029
	反交	反-KX3564	KW7M14	KW4M029

年份 Year	类型 Type	杂交种 Hybrid	母本 Female parent	父本 Male parent
2020	正交	KX2564	KW4M029	KW7M031
2020	正交	KX3564	KW4M029	KW7M14
2021	正交	KX2564	KW4M029	KW7M031
	正交	KX3564	KW4M029	KW7M14
	反交	反-KX2564	KW7M031	KW4M029
	反交	反-KX3564	KW7M14	KW4M029

类型 Type	密度 Density	杂交种 Hybrid	节长Internode length						节粗Internode diameter
			超母优势 Super mother advantage (%)		超父优势 Super father advantage (%)		杂种优势指数 Index of heterosis (%)		超母优势 Super mother advantage (%)		超父优势 Super father advantage (%)		杂种优势指数 Index of heterosis (%)
			2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021
正交 Orthogonal	D₁	KX2564	10.1	56.2	-4.3	35.7	102.4	145.2	0.8	-0.9	13.2	10.1	106.6	104.3
	D₁	KX3564	-5.7	44.5	-3.1	51.8	95.6	148.1	2.4	-1.5	22.1	20.8	111.4	108.6
	D₂	KX2564	14.3	46.6	-10.3	23.3	100.5	134.0	-6.9	0.2	-0.3	3.6	96.3	101.8
	D₂	KX3564	-5.8	39.1	-5.0	29.7	94.6	134.2	-6.5	-2.0	1.9	12.1	97.5	104.6
	D₃	KX2564	15.6	51.9	-9.1	20.9	101.8	134.7	-16.2	-2.9	-8.4	10.9	87.6	103.5
	D₃	KX3564	9.6	47.9	7.2	33.6	108.4	140.4	-7.0	-4.5	-0.6	14.0	96.1	103.9
反交 Reciprocal cross	D₁	反-KX2564		36.8		57.5		146.4		8.1		-2.7		102.4
	D₁	反-KX3564		56.8		49.2		152.9		18.7		-3.2		106.6
	D₂	反-KX2564		21.7		44.7		132.2		8.0		4.5		106.2
	D₂	反-KX3564		28.6		37.8		133.1		15.7		1.2		108.0
	D₃	反-KX2564		22.2		53.6		136.1		14.1		-0.1		106.5
	D₃	反-KX3564		35.0		49.4		141.8		16.5		-2.4		106.2

类型 Type	密度 Density	杂交种 Hybrid	节长Internode length						节粗Internode diameter
			超母优势 Super mother advantage (%)		超父优势 Super father advantage (%)		杂种优势指数 Index of heterosis (%)		超母优势 Super mother advantage (%)		超父优势 Super father advantage (%)		杂种优势指数 Index of heterosis (%)
			2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021
正交 Orthogonal	D₁	KX2564	10.1	56.2	-4.3	35.7	102.4	145.2	0.8	-0.9	13.2	10.1	106.6	104.3
	D₁	KX3564	-5.7	44.5	-3.1	51.8	95.6	148.1	2.4	-1.5	22.1	20.8	111.4	108.6
	D₂	KX2564	14.3	46.6	-10.3	23.3	100.5	134.0	-6.9	0.2	-0.3	3.6	96.3	101.8
	D₂	KX3564	-5.8	39.1	-5.0	29.7	94.6	134.2	-6.5	-2.0	1.9	12.1	97.5	104.6
	D₃	KX2564	15.6	51.9	-9.1	20.9	101.8	134.7	-16.2	-2.9	-8.4	10.9	87.6	103.5
	D₃	KX3564	9.6	47.9	7.2	33.6	108.4	140.4	-7.0	-4.5	-0.6	14.0	96.1	103.9
反交 Reciprocal cross	D₁	反-KX2564		36.8		57.5		146.4		8.1		-2.7		102.4
	D₁	反-KX3564		56.8		49.2		152.9		18.7		-3.2		106.6
	D₂	反-KX2564		21.7		44.7		132.2		8.0		4.5		106.2
	D₂	反-KX3564		28.6		37.8		133.1		15.7		1.2		108.0
	D₃	反-KX2564		22.2		53.6		136.1		14.1		-0.1		106.5
	D₃	反-KX3564		35.0		49.4		141.8		16.5		-2.4		106.2

类型 Type	密度 Density	杂交种 Hybrid	单位节长干重Dry weight per unit length
			超母优势 Super mother advantage(%)		超父优势 Super father advantage(%)		杂种优势指数 Index of heterosis(%)
			2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021
正交 Orthogonal	D₁	KX2564	-7.3	-18.7	60.1	35.6	117.4	101.7
	D₁	KX3564	0.4	-7.5	25.6	22.7	111.6	105.5
	D₂	KX2564	-19.6	-10.5	20.7	27.3	96.5	105.1
	D₂	KX3564	-10.8	0.0	6.6	25.2	97.1	111.2
	D₃	KX2564	-44.5	-17.0	-16.2	46.9	66.8	106.1
	D₃	KX3564	-41.8	-9.9	-17.4	46.6	68.3	111.6
反交 Reciprocal cross	D₁	反-KX2564		45.5		-12.7		109.1
	D₁	反-KX3564		37.2		3.5		118.0
	D₂	反-KX2564		29.9		-8.6		107.3
	D₂	反-KX3564		36.8		9.3		121.5
	D₃	反-KX2564		49.5		-15.5		107.9
	D₃	反-KX3564		47.0		-9.7		111.9