哈萨克马马驹小肠各段内容物中细菌多样性的比较分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究断奶马驹小肠不同部位内容物中微生物丰度及菌群结构的变化,为平衡肠道菌群、改善断奶马驹肠道健康提供参考依据。【方法】选取5匹平均体重为(147.08±4.86)kg的哈萨克马断奶马驹为研究对象,在相同的饲养管理和日粮营养水平条件下饲养60 d。采集断奶马驹十二指肠、空肠和回肠的内容物,采用16S rDNA高通量测序技术检测各肠段内容物细菌多样性。【结果】(1)基于Alpha分析,断奶马驹回肠内容物中观察到的物种数、Chao1指数及ACE指数均显著高于空肠(P<0.05);(2)门水平,十二指肠、空肠及回肠的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门;(3)科水平,十二指肠和空肠的优势菌科为乳杆菌科,回肠的优势菌科为乳杆菌科、链球菌科及肠杆菌科。回肠的巴氏杆菌科的相对丰度较十二指肠提高了154.62%(P<0.05);(4)属水平,回肠的放线杆菌属的相对丰度高于十二指肠,提高了149.54%(P<0.05)。【结论】哈萨克马马驹十二指肠、空肠及回肠中菌群结构存在明显差异,并且不同肠段中具有显著性差异的微生的功能也存在差异,十二指肠具有显著性差异的微生物的功能与酶分解和脂质代谢相关;空肠具有显著性差异的微生物的功能与多糖生物合成和代谢相关;回肠具有显著性差异的微生物的功能与能量代谢相关。

关键词: 哈萨克马; 断奶马驹; 小肠; 菌群; 多样性

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of the experiment is to study the changes of microbial abundance and bacterial structure in the contents of different parts of the small intestine of weaned foals in the hope of providing a reference basis for balancing the intestinal flora and improving the intestinal health of weaned foals. 【Methods】 Five weaned Kazakh foals with an average weight of (147.08±4.86) kg were selected for the study and kept under the same feeding management and dietary nutritional level for 60 d. The contents of duodenum, jejunum and ileum of weaned foals were collected, and the bacterial diversity of the contents of the various intestinal segments was detected using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. 【Results】(1) Based on Alpha analysis, the number of species, Chao1 index and ACE index observed in the contents of ileum of weaned foals were significantly higher than that of the jejunum (P<0.05); (2) At the phylum level, the dominant bacterial phylum in the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum was the thick-walled phylum; (3) At the family level, the dominant bacterial phyla in the duodenum and the jejunum was Lactobacillus spp. and in the ileum, it was the dominant phyla Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. The relative abundance of Bartonellaceae in the ileum was 154.62% higher than that in the duodenum (P<0.05); (4) At the genus level, the relative abundance of Actinobacillus spp. in the ileum was higher than that in the duodenum, with an increase of 149.54% (P<0.05); 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment, the structure of bacterial flora in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of the Kazakh equine foal differes significantly and the microorganisms of the different intestinal segments show significant differences. The functions of microorganisms with significant differences are also different. The functions of microorganisms with significant differences in the duodenum are related to enzymatic catabolism and lipid metabolism; the functions of microorganisms with significant differences in the jejunum are related to polysaccharide biosynthesis and metabolism; and the functions of microorganisms with significant differences in the ileum are related to energy metabolism.

Key words: Kazakh horses; weaned foals; small intestine; flora; diversity

中图分类号:

S821

蔺建薇, 张文杰, 陈晖, 陈开旭, 窦晶晶. 哈萨克马马驹小肠各段内容物中细菌多样性的比较分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(6): 1543-1551.

LIN Jianwei, ZHANG Wenjie, CHEN Hui, CHEN Kaixu, DOU Jingjing. Comparative analysis of bacterial diversity in the contents of various segments of the small intestine of Kazakh equine foals[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(6): 1543-1551.

图/表 9

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项目 Items	含量 Content
蒸汽压片玉米Steam-flaked corn(%)	60.00
豆粕Soybean meal(CP 44.2%)	36.00
碳酸氢钙Ca(HCO₃)₂(%)	2.00
石粉Stone powder(%)	1.00
预混料Premix¹⁾	0.50
食盐Nacl(%)	0.50
合计Total	100.00
营养水平²⁾ Nutritional level	含量 Content
干物质Dry matter(%)	92.44
有机物Organic compound(%)	94.46
粗蛋白质Crude protein(%)	26.26
总能Total energy(MJ/kg)	18.26
淀粉Starch(%)	37.68
中性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber(%)	24.46
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber(%)	5.10
钙Ca(%)	1.06
磷P(%)	4.28

项目 Items	含量 Content
蒸汽压片玉米Steam-flaked corn(%)	60.00
豆粕Soybean meal(CP 44.2%)	36.00
碳酸氢钙Ca(HCO₃)₂(%)	2.00
石粉Stone powder(%)	1.00
预混料Premix¹⁾	0.50
食盐Nacl(%)	0.50
合计Total	100.00
营养水平²⁾ Nutritional level	含量 Content
干物质Dry matter(%)	92.44
有机物Organic compound(%)	94.46
粗蛋白质Crude protein(%)	26.26
总能Total energy(MJ/kg)	18.26
淀粉Starch(%)	37.68
中性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber(%)	24.46
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber(%)	5.10
钙Ca(%)	1.06
磷P(%)	4.28

项目 Items	十二指肠 12 rectum	空肠 Jejunum	回肠 Il ileum
观察到的物种数 Observed_species	1 251.80±170.73^ab	1 070.00±163.14^b	1 305.2±146.68^a
香农指数 Shannon	4.50±0.96	4.02±1.26	5.18±0.62
辛普森指数 Simpson	0.78±0.14	0.71±0.18	0.88±0.03
Chao1指数 Chao1 index	1 400.6±171.6^ab	1 230.41±174.64^b	1 493.61±166.6^a
ACE指数 ACE index	1 445.91±158.56^ab	1 267.1±172.99^b	1 539.04±139.61^a
物种覆盖度 Goods_coverage	0.99±0.00	1.00±0.00	0.99±0.00
系谱多样性 PD_whole_tree	110.14±33.59^a	75.87±12.98^b	112.2±19.25^a

项目 Items	十二指肠 12 rectum	空肠 Jejunum	回肠 Il ileum
观察到的物种数 Observed_species	1 251.80±170.73^ab	1 070.00±163.14^b	1 305.2±146.68^a
香农指数 Shannon	4.50±0.96	4.02±1.26	5.18±0.62
辛普森指数 Simpson	0.78±0.14	0.71±0.18	0.88±0.03
Chao1指数 Chao1 index	1 400.6±171.6^ab	1 230.41±174.64^b	1 493.61±166.6^a
ACE指数 ACE index	1 445.91±158.56^ab	1 267.1±172.99^b	1 539.04±139.61^a
物种覆盖度 Goods_coverage	0.99±0.00	1.00±0.00	0.99±0.00
系谱多样性 PD_whole_tree	110.14±33.59^a	75.87±12.98^b	112.2±19.25^a

项目 Items	十二指肠 Duodenum	空肠 Jejunum	回肠 Ileum
厚壁菌门 Firmicutes	71.46±13.90	74.07±16.64	63.83±7.88
变形杆菌门 Proteobacteria	16.5±17.30	13.11±16.70	23.15±8.56
拟杆菌门 Bacteroidetes	9.65±3.82	10.55±7.23	10.09±5.10
疣微菌门 Verrucomicrobia	0.59±0.32	0.36±0.33	0.70±0.84
蓝藻菌门 Cyanobacteria	0.18±0.13	0.51±0.85	0.55±0.74
放线菌门 Actinobacteria	0.64±0.25	0.56±0.26	0.74±0.33
螺旋体菌门 Spirochaetes	0.38±0.26	0.47±0.42	0.35±0.08
纤维杆菌门 Fibrobacteres	0.15±0.13	0.12±0.07	0.17±0.08
软壁菌门 Tenericutes	0.07±0.03	0.08±0.05	0.08±0.05
梭杆菌门 Fusobacteria	0.03±0.02	0.04±0.03	0.05±0.01
Others	0.35±0.27	0.12±0.07	0.29±0.08