封育对荒漠草原真菌群落的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】评估封育对荒漠草原真菌群落的影响,并阐述真菌群落在土壤中的作用。【方法】采用野外调查取样的方法,以封育14年的荒漠草原和相邻自由放牧荒漠草原为研究对象,基于内转录间隔区(ITS)技术与液质联用(LC-MS)技术研究封育对荒漠草原真菌群落的影响。【结果】封育增加了荒漠草原子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的相对丰度,降低了担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)和unclassified_k__Fungi的相对丰度,显著改变了真菌群落的β多样性。此外,封育处理下土壤养分含量和植物生物量高于放牧处理。封育处理下真菌群落的内部联系更加紧密,主要关系为相互竞争,而放牧处理下真菌群落内部关系主要是互利共生。真菌群落与土壤总钾及植物生物量之间相关性较强。土壤差异真菌群落多与代谢物显著正相关。【结论】封育改变了荒漠草原真菌群落丰富度,增加了植物地上与地下部分生物量。

关键词: 荒漠草原; 真菌多样性; 真菌群落; 差异代谢物; 植物生物量

Abstract:

【Objective】Assess the response of closure to fungal communities and to describe the role of fungal communities in the soil.【Methods】A field survey was conducted to investigate the effect of sealing on the fungal communities of desert grasslands based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) technique and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), using 14 years of sealing and adjacent free-grazing desert grasslands as the study objects.【Results】The results showed that sealing increased the community abundance of Ascomycota and decreased the community abundance of Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and unclassified_k_Fungi, significantly altered the beta diversity of the fungal community.In addition, soil nutrient content and plant biomass were higher under the sealing treatment than under the grazing treatment.The fungal communities were more closely linked internally under closed conditions, with the main relationships being competitive with each other, whereas under grazing conditions the fungal communities were mainly in a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship.A strong correlation between fungal communities and total soil potassium and plant biomass.Soil differential fungal communities were mostly significantly and positively correlated with metabolites.【Conclusion】Sealing altered fungal community richness and increased plant biomass above and below ground.

Key words: desert grassland; fungal diversity; fungal community; differential metabolites; plant biomass

中图分类号:

S815
Q938

耿美菊, 王新绘, 刘晓颖, 吕佩. 封育对荒漠草原真菌群落的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1250-1258.

GENG Meiju, WANG Xinhui, LIU Xiaoying, LYU Pei. Effects of sealing on fungal communities in desert grasslands[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1250-1258.

图/表 5

图1 封育过程中土壤理化性质及植物生物量的变化注:P < 0.001为***,P < 0.01 为**,P < 0.05 为*,ns为差异不显著

Fig.1 Changes in soil physicochemical properties and plant biomass during the sealing process Note:where P < 0.001 is marked as ***, P < 0.01 is marked as **, P < 0.05 is marked as *, and ns marked as insignificant

表1 封育过程中真菌α多样性指数的变化

Tab.1 Changes in the fungal alpha diversity index during the sealing process

指标 Indexes	封育均值 Mean enclosed population	封育标准差 Sealing standard deviation	放牧均值 Grazing average	放牧标准差 Grazing standard deviation	P值 P value
Ace	561.26	119.34	359.65	61.03	0.010
Sobs	538.80	107.93	353.80	61.64	0.010
Chao	567.20	117.75	361.40	60.46	0.008
Simpson	0.0760	0.0271	0.0604	0.059	0.606
Shannon	3.8882	0.3389	4.1200	0.570	0.457
Coverage	0.9994	0.0003	0.9998	0.000	0.011

图2 封育真菌OTU分布注:研究区(A)、门(B)和属(C)的组成、差异真菌对比(D)、真菌β多样性(E)

Fig.2 Distribution of OTUs of sequestered fungi Note:Study area(A), the composition of phyla (B) and genera (C), comparison of differential fungi (D), and fungal β diversity (E)

图3 封育过程中门水平真菌群落与理化因子的冗余注:总磷(TP)、总钾(TK)、有机碳(SOC)、植被地上生物量(Aboveground biomass)、灌木根生物量(Shrub root biomass)、草根生物量(herbal root biomass);图(A)、土壤理化性质(B)、差异代谢物(C)与差异真菌之间的相关关系(P < 0.001标记为***, P < 0.01 标记为**, P < 0.05 标记为*)

Fig.3 Redundancy analysis of the correlation between phylum level fungal communities and physicochemical factors Note: Total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), organic carbon (SOC), aboveground biomass, shrub root biomass, herbal root biomass;(A), soil physicochemical properties (B), differential metabolites (C), and differential fungi during sealing(where P < 0.001 is marked as ***, P < 0.01 is marked as **, and P < 0.05 is marked as *)

图4 封育(A)与放牧(B)真菌群落的内部联系网络注:红色代表正相关,绿色代表负相关

Fig.4 Network diagram of the internal linkage between the fungal communities of sequestration (A) and grazing (B) Note:red represents positive correlation, green represents negative correlation

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