植物生长调节剂在骏枣上的残留消解及其对果实品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.014

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (6): 1421-1430.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.014

• 园艺特产·农产品加工工程 • 上一篇下一篇

植物生长调节剂在骏枣上的残留消解及其对果实品质的影响

刘德粉¹^,²(), 袁玉婷¹, 孙万金³, 姜娜², 方毅⁴, 赵多勇²(), 康露²()

1.新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所/新疆农产品质量安全重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆生产建设兵团第一师八团社会事务服务中心,新疆阿拉尔 843300
4.新疆生产建设兵团第一师八团农业发展服务中心,新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2024-11-19 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-07-29
通信作者: 赵多勇(1980-),男,新疆奇台人,研究员,博士,博士生导师,研究方向为农产品质量与食物安全,(E-mail)luckydyz@163.com;
康露(1987-),男,浙江临海人,副研究员,博士,研究方向为农产品安全,(E-mail)96208zx@163.com
作者简介:刘德粉(1996-),女,贵州兴仁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为食品加工与安全,(E-mail)1835649819@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项(xjkcpy-2022002)

Residual digestion of different plant growth regulators on jujube and their effects on fruit quality

LIU Defen¹^,²(), YUAN Yuting¹, SUN Wanjin³, JIANG Na², FANG Yi⁴, ZHAO Duoyong²(), KANG Lu²()

1. College of Food Sciences and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China
2. Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety in Xinjiang, Urumqi 830091,China
3. Social Affairs Service Center of the Eighth Regiment of the First Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
4. Agricultural Development Service Center of the Eighth Regiment of the First Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China

Received:2024-11-19 Published:2025-06-20 Online:2025-07-29
Supported by:
Earmark Fund of Key Science and Technology Innovation Incubation Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjkcpy-2022002)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨不同种类的植物生长调节剂赤霉酸(GA₃)、芸苔素内酯(BR)、噻苯隆(TDZ)在骏枣上的残留消解规律及其对果实黄酮、酚酸类化合物的影响,为科学规范使用植物生长调节剂提供理论依据。【方法】在红枣盛花期以叶面喷雾分别施用18 g/hm²、36 g/hm²GA₃,并与BR(45 mg/hm²)、TDZ(1.8 mg/hm²)同时喷施,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱测定施药后叶片GA₃、TDZ的残留量,基于广泛靶向代谢组学分析果实中黄酮、酚酸含量的变化。【结果】2种剂量的GA₃施药后14 d在骏枣上的残留量分别为0.10 mg/kg、0.20 mg/kg;TDZ的残留量为0.01 mg/kg,低于MRL值;GA₃、TDZ在骏枣上的消解率均在90%以上。2种剂量GA₃的半衰期分别为3.73和4.26 d,TDZ的半衰期为1.63 d。GA₃、BR、TDZ处理后,骏枣果实中黄酮类化合物儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、异槲皮苷、芦丁、槲皮素等上调;酚酸类化合物苯甲酸、水杨酸苯酯、咖啡酸苯乙酯、肉桂酸等上调。【结论】 GA₃、TDZ在骏枣上降解较快,施用适量的GA₃、BR、TDZ有助于提高果实中黄酮、酚酸的含量。

关键词: 植物生长调节剂; 骏枣; 黄酮; 酚酸

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the residual digestion patterns of different plant growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA₃), brassinolide (BR), and thidiazuron (TDZ) on jujube and their effects on fruit flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the scientific and standardized use of some plant growth regulators. 【Methods】 18 g/hm² and 36 g/hm² GA₃ were applied by foliar spray at the full bloom stage of jujube, and they were sprayed simultaneously with BR (45 mg/hm²) and TDZ (1.8 mg/hm²). Meanwhile, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were used to determine the residual levels of GA₃ and TDZ in leaves after application, and analyzed the changes in flavonoid and phenolic acid content in fruits based on extensive targeted metabolomics analysis. 【Results】 The residual amounts of GA₃ at two kinds of doses on junjube were 0.10 mg/kg and 0.20 mg/kg, respectively, 14 days after application. The residual amount of TDZ was 0.01 mg/kg, which was lower than the MRL value. The digestion rates of GA₃ and TDZ on junjube were both above 90%. The half-lives of the two doses of GA₃ were 3.73 days and 4.26 days, respectively, while the half-lives of TDZ was 1.63 days. After treatment with GA₃, BR, and TDZ, the flavonoid compounds such as catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, isoquercetin, rutin, and quercetin in junjube fruit were upregulated; Phenolic acid compounds such as benzoic acid, phenyl salicylate, phenylethyl caffeic acid, cinnamic acid were upregulated, too. 【Conclusion】 GA₃ and TDZ degrade rapidly on junjube, and the application of appropriate amounts of GA₃, BR, and TDZ helps to increase the content of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the fruit.

Key words: plant growth regulators; jujube; flavonoids; phenolic acid

中图分类号:

S663.9

刘德粉, 袁玉婷, 孙万金, 姜娜, 方毅, 赵多勇, 康露. 植物生长调节剂在骏枣上的残留消解及其对果实品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(6): 1421-1430.

LIU Defen, YUAN Yuting, SUN Wanjin, JIANG Na, FANG Yi, ZHAO Duoyong, KANG Lu. Residual digestion of different plant growth regulators on jujube and their effects on fruit quality[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(6): 1421-1430.

图/表 11

表1 植物生长调节剂的组合处理

Tab.1 Combined treatment of plant growth regulators

处理组 Processing group	处理方式 Processing method
JCK	自来水
J₁	18 g/hm² GA₃
J₂	18 g/hm² GA₃、45 mg/hm² BR、1.8 mg/hm² TDZ
J₃	36 g/hm² GA₃
J₄	36 g/hm² GA₃、45 mg/hm² BR、1.8 mg/hm² TDZ

表2 GA3和TDZ的质谱条件及线性方程

Tab.2 Mass spectrometry conditions and linearity equation of GA3 and TDZ

化合物 Compound	母离子 Parent ion (m/z)	子离子 Ions (m/z)	去簇电压 Cone voltage (V)	碰撞电压 Collision energy (V)	保留时间 Retention time (min)	标准曲线 Standard curve	R²
GA₃	345.2	143.3^*,239.3	18	27,16	5.52	y=90.245x-1 187.5	0.999 3
TDZ	219.2	100.2^*,71.2	13	12,27	9.43	y=6 593.1x-63 097	0.999 4

表3 GA3、TDZ的消解动态

Tab.3 Degradation dynamics of GA3 and TDZ

施药时间 Medication application time	GA₃ (18 g/hm²)		GA₃ (36 g/hm²)		TDZ (1.8 mg/hm²)
施药时间 Medication application time	残留量 Residual amount (mg/kg)	消解率 Digestion rate (%)	残留量 Residual amount (mg/kg)	消解率 Digestion rate (%)	残留量 Residual amount (mg/kg)	消解率 Digestion rate (%)
2 h	1.60±0.24	-	3.66±0.44	-	0.32±0.14	-
1 d	0.88±0.18	44.84	2.84±0.42	22.37	0.11±0.09	64.47
3 d	0.42±0.08	74.07	0.45±0.18	87.73	0.05±0.03	83.53
5 d	0.35±0.10	78.09	0.29±0.10	92.15	0.02±0.01	92.96
7 d	0.27±0.05	82.99	0.25±0.06	93.10	0.02±0.01	94.12
14 d	0.10±0.07	93.85	0.20±0.11	94.42	0.01±0.01	96.85
	消解方程	半衰期(d)	消解方程	半衰期(d)	消解方程	半衰期(d)
	C_t=0.255 5e^-0^.^{185 7}^t	3.73	C_t=0.835 5e^-0^.^{162 8}^t	4.26	C_t=0.075 2e^-0^.^{425 2}^t	1.63

图1 枣果实差异代谢物PCA分析注:JCK:对照组,J3:36 g/hm2 GA3,J4:36 g/hm2 GA3、45 mg/hm2 BR、1.8 mg/hm2 TDZ,不同

Fig.1 PCA analysis of different metabolites in jujube fruit Notes: JCK: control group. J3: 36 g/hm2 GA3. J4: 36 g/hm2 GA3, 45 mg/hm2 BR, 1.8 mg/hm2 TDZ,the same as below

图2 不同植物生长调节剂处理枣果实差异代谢物火山图

Fig.2 Volcanic map of different metabolites of jujube fruit treated by different plant growth regulators

图3 植物生长调节剂处理枣果实差异代谢物分类

Fig.3 Classification of differential metabolites in jujube fruit treated with plant growth regulators

图4 不同植物生长调节剂处理骏枣果实差异代谢物雷达图

Fig.4 Radar map of different metabolites of jujube fruit treated with different plant growth regulators

图5 GA3处理骏枣果实KEGG通路的差异代谢物聚类热图注:A. α-亚麻酸代谢通路的差异代谢物聚类热图。B. 核苷酸代谢通路的差异代谢物聚类热图

Fig.5 Heat map of differential metabolite clustering of KEGG pathway in fruit treated with GA3 Notes: A. Cluster heatmap of differential metabolites in the alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism pathway. B. Cluster heatmap of differential metabolites in the Nucleotide metabolism pathway

图6 不同植物生长调节剂处理骏枣果实KEGG通路的差异代谢物聚类热图注:A.苯丙烷类生物合成通路的差异代谢物聚类热图。B.黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成通路的差异代谢物聚类热图

Fig.6 Heat map of differential metabolite clustering of KEGG pathway in fruit treated with different plant growth regulators Notes: A. Cluster heatmap of differential metabolites in the Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. B. Cluster heatmap of differential metabolites in the Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway

图7 不同植物生长调节剂处理骏枣果实黄酮类化合物差异代谢物

Fig.7 Differential metabolites of flavonoids in fruit treated with different plant growth regulators

图8 不同植物生长调节剂处理骏枣果实酚酸类化合物差异代谢物

Fig.8 Differential metabolites of phenolic acids in fruits treated with different plant growth regulators

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植物生长调节剂在骏枣上的残留消解及其对果实品质的影响

Residual digestion of different plant growth regulators on jujube and their effects on fruit quality

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