干旱胁迫对中亚大麦农艺性状、产量和品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.011

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1): 86-94.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.011

• 作物遗传育种·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇下一篇

干旱胁迫对中亚大麦农艺性状、产量和品质的影响

王仙¹(), 聂石辉¹, 向莉², 张金汕³, 李鹏¹^,³, 方伏荣¹()

1.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业科学院奇台麦类试验站,新疆奇台 831800
3.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2021-01-02 出版日期:2022-01-20 发布日期:2022-02-18
通信作者: 方伏荣(1963-),男,广东惠来人,研究员,硕士,研究方向为大麦遗传育种与栽培,(E-mail) ffr118@sina.com
作者简介:王仙(1984-),女,河北沧州人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为作物品质生理,(E-mail) 283215056@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“中亚大麦抗旱种质资源筛选及优异等位基因挖掘”(31760384);国家大麦青稞产业技术体系(CARS-05-023B)

Effects of Drought Stress on Agronomic Characters, Yield and Quality of Barley from Central Asia

WANG Xian¹(), NIE Shihui¹, XIANG Li², ZHANG Jinshan³, LI Peng¹^,³, FANG Furong¹()

1. Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 890091, China
2. Qitai Triticeae Crops Experimental Station of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qitai Xinjiang 831800, China
3. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2021-01-02 Published:2022-01-20 Online:2022-02-18
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China " Screening of Drought Resistant Barley Germplasm Resources and Mining of Excellent Alleles in Central Asia"(31760384);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-05-023B)"(CARS-05-023B)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究干旱胁迫对中亚大麦农艺性状和品质的影响,为大麦耐旱育种以及干旱条件下提高产量与品质提供理论依据。【方法】以12个不同抗旱性的中亚大麦种质资源为研究对象,设3个水分处理,测定大麦株高、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、产量、籽粒总黄酮含量和总多酚含量。【结果】干旱胁迫对测定的指标均有显著影响,其中(1)随着干旱胁迫增加,所有参试材料的株高、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重和产量均呈逐渐下降的趋势;(2)随着干旱胁迫加剧,吉引2013-7-DM-005、吉引2013-7-DM-045、吉引2013-7-DM-072、吉33、吉引2013-7-DM-088总黄酮含量显著升高,吉引2013-7-DM-71、吉引2013-7-DM-046、吉引2013-7-DM-051、吉2、吉35和哈3总黄酮含量先显著升高后降低;除吉引2013-7-DM-051总多酚含量先升高后显著减低,哈3总多酚含量先升高后略减低,其他10个中亚大麦籽粒总多酚含量均表现为显著升高。(3)总黄酮含量与参试大麦产量呈显著正相关,与总多酚含量、株高、穗长、穗粒数呈正相关,与千粒重呈负相关;总多酚含量与穗长和产量呈极显著负相关,与穗粒数呈正相关,与株高和千粒重呈负相关。【结论】干旱胁迫可不同程度的增加中亚大麦籽粒总黄酮和总多酚含量。

关键词: 中亚大麦; 干旱胁迫; 产量; 总黄酮含量; 总多酚含量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effects of drought stress on the agronomic traits and quality of barley in Central Asia, so as to provide theoretical basis for drought tolerance breeding of barley in China and improve the yield and quality of barley under drought conditions. 【Methods】 12 different drought-resistant germplasm resources of barley in central Asia were taken as research objects and three water treatments of normal irrigation, irrigation with two water and irrigation with one water were designed. The plant height, spike length, grain number per spike, 1,000-grain weight, yield, total flavone content and total polyphenol content in grains were measured. 【Results】 The results showed that drought stress had significant effects on all indexes.(1)With the increase of drought stress, the 1,000-grain weight and yield of all tested materials showed a gradual downward trend. Except cultivar 8 and cultivar 9, the plant height of all tested varieties showed a downward trend, and the ear length of all tested varieties except cultivar 10 and cultivar 11 showed a downward trend.(2)With the aggravation of drought stress, the content of total flavonoids in varieties Jiyin 2013-7 -DM-005, Jiyin 2013-7-DM-045, Jiyin 2013-7-DM-072, Ji33 and Jiyin 2013-7-DM-0881 increased significantly, and the content of total flavonoids in varieties Jiyin 2013-7-DM-71, Jiyin 2013-7-DM-046, Jiyin 2013-7-DM-051, Ji2, Ji 35 and Ha3 increased significantly at first and then decreased; except Jiyin 2013-7-DM-051, the content of total polyphenols increased first and then decreased significantly, the content of total polyphenols in Ha3 increased first and then decreased significantly, the content of total polyphenols in other 10 Central Asian barley grains increased significantly.(3)The content of total flavonoids was significantly positively correlated with yield, but not significantly positively correlated with total polyphenol content, plant height, ear length and grain number per ear, and not significantly negatively correlated with 1,000 grain weight; the content of total polyphenols was extremely significantly negatively correlated with ear length and yield, but not significantly positively correlated with plant height and grain number per ear, and not significantly negatively correlated with 1,000 grain weight. 【Conclusion】 Drought stress could increase the contents of total flavonoids and total polyphenols in barley grains.

Key words: barley from central asia; drought stress; yield; total flavonoids content; total polyphenol content

中图分类号:

S563

王仙, 聂石辉, 向莉, 张金汕, 李鹏, 方伏荣. 干旱胁迫对中亚大麦农艺性状、产量和品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(1): 86-94.

WANG Xian, NIE Shihui, XIANG Li, ZHANG Jinshan, LI Peng, FANG Furong. Effects of Drought Stress on Agronomic Characters, Yield and Quality of Barley from Central Asia[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(1): 86-94.

图/表 7

表1 12份供试材料

Table 1 12 test materials

编号Code	原代码Original code	名称Name	特性Characteristic
C₁	S2015-62/2016-62	吉引2013-7-DM-005	春性、二棱、皮大麦
C₂	S2015-96/2016-96	吉引2013-7-DM-045	春性、二棱、皮大麦
C₃	S2015-118/2016-118	吉引2013-7-DM-071	春性、四棱、皮大麦
C₄	S2015-119/2016-119	吉引2013-7-DM-072	春性、二棱、皮大麦
C₅	S2015-33/2016-33	吉33	春性、四棱、皮大麦
C₆	S2015-97/2016-97	吉引2013-7-DM-046	春性、二棱、皮大麦
C₇	S2015-102/2016-102	吉引2013-7-DM-051	春性、二棱、皮大麦
C₈	S2015-131/2016-131	吉引2013-7-DM-086	春性、四棱、皮大麦
C₉	S2015-133/2016-133	吉引2013-7-DM-088	春性、四棱、皮大麦
C₁₀	S2015-2/2016-2	吉2	春性、二棱、皮大麦
C₁₁	S2015-35/2016-35	吉35	春性、四棱、皮大麦
C₁₂	S2015-50/2016-50	哈3	半冬性、二棱、皮大麦

图1 干旱胁迫下不同大麦品种株高变化注:不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)

Fig.1 Effect of drought stress on t'he plant height of different barley varieties Note: Different lowercase letters on the figure indicate significant differences between treatments (P<0.05)

表2 不同干旱处理下各大麦品种产量变化

Table 2 Effects of different drought treatments on the yield of Barley Varieties

品种 Variety	穗长 Spike length(cm)			穗粒数(个) Spike grain number			千粒重 Thousand-grain weight(g)			产量 Yield(kg/667m²)
品种 Variety	G₁	G₂	G₃	G₁	G₂	G₃	G₁	G₂	G₃	G₁	G₂	G₃
C₁	8.40^a	8.2 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	8.10^b	22.20^a	21.80^a	19.20^b	55.00^a	50.10^b	40.00^c	314.78^a	290.54^b	87.50^c
C₂	9.10^a	7.80^b	7.40^b	21.70^b	21.00^b	26.00^a	58.00^a	55.0 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	49.00^b	165.97^a	134.67^b	45.84^c
C₃	8.10^b	8.50^a	7.50^c	51.50^b	58.00^a	46.70^c	38.00^a	37.00^a	30.0 ${0^{b}}^{}$	417.41^a	358.35^b	87.50^c
C₄	9.40^a	8.30^b	7.90^c	23.50^a	21.00^b	18.20^c	70.30^a	64.00^b	56.00^c	339.48^a	262.51^b	50.00^c
C₅	7.50^a	7.20^b	6.30^c	47.20^a	42.40^b	47.30^a	45.2 ${0^{a}}^{}$	44.00^a	30.00^b	274.29^a	237.71^b	75.00^c
C₆	8.60^a	8.30^a	7.50^c	19.20^b	21.50^a	20.7 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	63.80^a	48.00^b	36.00^c	306.76^a	206.48^b	62.50^c
C₇	8.40^a	8.30^a	8.20^a	21.80^a	19.80^c	20.50^b	63.20^a	61.00^a	55.00^b	318.05^a	268.32^b	100.01^c
C₈	8.80^a	7.90^b	6.90^c	20.30^b	22.80^a	20.00^b	50.20^a	45.70^b	45.00^b	320.53^a	317.06^a	54.17^c
C₉	9.10^a	7.70^b	6.80^c	49.80^b	62.00^a	39.00^c	42.30^a	36.00^b	33.00^b	256.40^a	210.30^b	62.50^c
C₁₀	9.30^a	9.30^a	7.90^b	23.40^a	20.8 ${0^{b}}^{c}$	21.70^b	55.50^a	42.20^b	40.00^b	283.87^a	220.17^b	108.34^c
C₁₁	7.0 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	7.20^a	5.80^b	43.0 ${0^{b}}^{c}$	49.40^a	45.80^b	42.40^a	38.10^b	32.00^c	239.66^a	176.36^b	120.84^c
C₁₂	8.90^a	8.20^b	7.80^c	22.00^b	25.60^a	22.60^b	43.35^a	38.20^b	35.00^b	331.75^a	315.43^a	91.67^c

表2 不同干旱处理下各大麦品种产量变化

Table 2 Effects of different drought treatments on the yield of Barley Varieties

品种 Variety	穗长 Spike length(cm)			穗粒数(个) Spike grain number			千粒重 Thousand-grain weight(g)			产量 Yield(kg/667m²)
品种 Variety	G₁	G₂	G₃	G₁	G₂	G₃	G₁	G₂	G₃	G₁	G₂	G₃
C₁	8.40^a	8.2 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	8.10^b	22.20^a	21.80^a	19.20^b	55.00^a	50.10^b	40.00^c	314.78^a	290.54^b	87.50^c
C₂	9.10^a	7.80^b	7.40^b	21.70^b	21.00^b	26.00^a	58.00^a	55.0 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	49.00^b	165.97^a	134.67^b	45.84^c
C₃	8.10^b	8.50^a	7.50^c	51.50^b	58.00^a	46.70^c	38.00^a	37.00^a	30.0 ${0^{b}}^{}$	417.41^a	358.35^b	87.50^c
C₄	9.40^a	8.30^b	7.90^c	23.50^a	21.00^b	18.20^c	70.30^a	64.00^b	56.00^c	339.48^a	262.51^b	50.00^c
C₅	7.50^a	7.20^b	6.30^c	47.20^a	42.40^b	47.30^a	45.2 ${0^{a}}^{}$	44.00^a	30.00^b	274.29^a	237.71^b	75.00^c
C₆	8.60^a	8.30^a	7.50^c	19.20^b	21.50^a	20.7 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	63.80^a	48.00^b	36.00^c	306.76^a	206.48^b	62.50^c
C₇	8.40^a	8.30^a	8.20^a	21.80^a	19.80^c	20.50^b	63.20^a	61.00^a	55.00^b	318.05^a	268.32^b	100.01^c
C₈	8.80^a	7.90^b	6.90^c	20.30^b	22.80^a	20.00^b	50.20^a	45.70^b	45.00^b	320.53^a	317.06^a	54.17^c
C₉	9.10^a	7.70^b	6.80^c	49.80^b	62.00^a	39.00^c	42.30^a	36.00^b	33.00^b	256.40^a	210.30^b	62.50^c
C₁₀	9.30^a	9.30^a	7.90^b	23.40^a	20.8 ${0^{b}}^{c}$	21.70^b	55.50^a	42.20^b	40.00^b	283.87^a	220.17^b	108.34^c
C₁₁	7.0 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	7.20^a	5.80^b	43.0 ${0^{b}}^{c}$	49.40^a	45.80^b	42.40^a	38.10^b	32.00^c	239.66^a	176.36^b	120.84^c
C₁₂	8.90^a	8.20^b	7.80^c	22.00^b	25.60^a	22.60^b	43.35^a	38.20^b	35.00^b	331.75^a	315.43^a	91.67^c

表3 干旱胁迫下12个品种籽粒总黄酮和总多酚含量的方差

Table 3 Variance analysis of total flavonoids andpolyphenols contents in grains of 12 varieties under drought stress

项目 Item	均方Mean square		F值F-value
项目 Item	总黄酮含量 Total flavone content	总多酚含量 Total polyphenol content	总黄酮含量 Total flavone content	总多酚含量 Total polyphenol content
灌水量Irrigation amount(G)	127.398 5	0.362 7	13.622 8^**	21.759 1^**
品种Varieties(C)	32.666 4	0.146 1	3.493^**	8.761 8^**
G×C	9.351 8	0.016 7	247.306 8^**	649.415 6^**
总误差Total error	0.0378	0

图2 干旱胁迫下大麦籽粒总黄酮含量变化注:不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)

Fig.2 Effect of drought stress on the content of total flavone of different malting barley Note: Different lowercase letters on the figure indicate significant differences between treatments (P<0.05)

图3 干旱胁迫下大麦籽粒总多酚含量变化注:不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)

Fig.3 Effect of drought stress on the content of total polyphenols of different malting barley Note: Different lowercase letters on the figure indicate significant differences between treatments (P<0.05)

表4 供试中亚大麦材料各指标的相关性

Table 4 Correlation of each index of all indexes in tested barley from Central Asian

指标 Index	总黄酮含量 Total flavone content	总多酚含量 Total polyphenol content	株高 Plant height	穗长 Spike length	穗粒数 Spike grain number	千粒重 Thousand-grain weight	产量 Yield
总黄酮含量 Total flavone content	1
总多酚含量 Total polyphenol content	0.29	1
株高 Plant height	0.18	-0.08	1
穗长 Spike length	0.28	-0.44^**	0.51^**	1
穗粒数 Spike grain number	0.09	0.11	0.06	-0.31	1
千粒重 Thousand-grain weight	-0.01	-0.3	0.39^*	0.58^**	-0.53^**	1
产量 Yield	0.34^*	-0.48^**	0.57^**	0.56^**	0.17	0.35^*	1

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干旱胁迫对中亚大麦农艺性状、产量和品质的影响

Effects of Drought Stress on Agronomic Characters, Yield and Quality of Barley from Central Asia

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