增施微生物肥对设施黄瓜土壤微生物多样性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.020

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (7): 1727-1737.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.020

• 园艺特产·贮藏保鲜加工 • 上一篇下一篇

增施微生物肥对设施黄瓜土壤微生物多样性的影响

刘会芳(), 韩宏伟, 庄红梅, 王强(), 高阿香, 王浩()

新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所/新疆蔬菜工程技术研究中心/新疆蔬菜产业技术体系/新疆特色果蔬基因组研究与遗传改良重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-01-28 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-09-04
通信作者: 王强(1983-),男,甘肃人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为设施蔬菜栽培生理与逆境胁迫,(E-mail)wangqiang201004@sina.com；
王浩(1970-),男,山东人,研究员,研究方向为设施蔬菜栽培与生理,(E-mail)wanghao183@163.com
作者简介:刘会芳(1989-),女,河南人,助理研究员,硕士研究生,研究方向为蔬菜栽培和逆境生理,(E-mail)568899051@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02005-2);新疆蔬菜产业技术体系(XJARS-07)

Effects of increased application of microbial fertilizer on soil microbial diversity of cucumber in facilities

LIU Huifang(), HAN Hongwei, ZHUANG Hongmei, WANG Qiang(), GAO Axiang, WANG Hao()

Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Xinjiang Vegetable Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2024-01-28 Published:2024-07-20 Online:2024-09-04
Supported by:
The Major Science and Technology Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Research and Demonstration of Key Core Technologies of Vegetable Cultivation in Facilities around Tarim Basin"(2022A02005-2)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究增施微生物肥对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响,为设施蔬菜栽培过程中微生物肥的使用、土壤改良及提高蔬菜产量提供理论基础。【方法】选择蔬菜为黄瓜,以土壤微生物为研究对象,以不施用微生物肥土壤为对照,采用16S rRNA和真菌ITS区测序,分析微生物肥对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响。【结果】增施微生物肥可增加拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门和厚壁菌门的细菌丰度和担子菌门的真菌丰度,降低子囊菌门和被孢霉门的真菌丰度;增加土壤中微生物的均匀度和细菌的多样性,降低真菌多样性;通过增加有益细菌的含量、减少病源真菌、丰富种群,有效改善土壤微生物群落功能,微生物群落的代谢功能强于对照土壤。【结论】施用微生物肥料可以改善土壤营养环境,为土壤微生物的生命活动提供充足的养分和能源,从而促进微生物生长繁殖,丰富种群,有效改善土壤微生物群落功能。

关键词: 黄瓜; 微生物肥; 细菌; 真菌; 多样性

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to study the effect of increased application microbial fertilizer on the structure and function of soil microbial community. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the use of microbial fertilizer, ecological management, soil improvement and increasing vegetable yield in the process of protected vegetable cultivation.【Methods】Cucumber was taken as the experimental material, soil microorganisms as the research object, and soil without microbial fertilizer as the control, and 16SrRNA and fungal ITS region sequencing were used to study the effect of microbial fertilizer on the structure and function of soil community. 【Results】Increasing microbial fertilizer application could increase the bacterial abundance of Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexium and Firmicutes, and the fungal abundance of basidiomycetes, and decrease the fungal abundance of Ascomycetes and Perispora. It could also increase the uniformity of microorganisms in soil, the bacterial diversity and reduce the diversity of fungi. By increasing the content of beneficial bacteria and reducing pathogenic fungi, the population could be enriched and the function of soil microbial community effectively improved, thus causing metabolic function of microbial community stronger than that of control soil. 【Conclusion】The application of microbial fertilizer can improve the soil nutrient environment, provide sufficient nutrients and energy for the life activities of soil microorganisms, thereby promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, enriching the population, and effectively improving the function of soil microbial communities.

Key words: cucumber; microbial fertilizer; bacteria; fungi; diversity

中图分类号:

S626.5

刘会芳, 韩宏伟, 庄红梅, 王强, 高阿香, 王浩. 增施微生物肥对设施黄瓜土壤微生物多样性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1727-1737.

LIU Huifang, HAN Hongwei, ZHUANG Hongmei, WANG Qiang, GAO Axiang, WANG Hao. Effects of increased application of microbial fertilizer on soil microbial diversity of cucumber in facilities[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(7): 1727-1737.

图/表 10

图1 不同样品土壤细菌门水平(左)和真菌门水平(右)相对丰度

Fig.1 The Relative abundance of bacteria at phylum level (left) and fungi at phylum level (right) in the different samples

图2 不同样品土壤细菌类属水平(上)和真菌类属水平(下)相对丰度

Fig.2 The Relative abundance of bacteria at genus level (up) and fungi at genus level (down) in the different soil samples

表1 不同样品土壤细菌、真菌α多样性指数的变化

Tab.1 Changes of α diversity index statistics of fungi and bacteria in different soil samples

项目 Items	处理 Treatments	超1指数 Chao1	覆盖率 Ccoverage(%)	皮耶罗均匀度 Pielou evenness	香浓指数 Shannon index	辛普森多样性指数 Simpson index
细菌	H₀	3 120.763 3	99.13	0.804 6	9.272 3	0.964 5
Bacteria	H₁	3 146.606 7	99.15	0.852 5	9.861 7	0.990 0
真菌	H₀	337.959 3	99.997	0.573 8	4.817 3	0.868 6
Fungi	H₁	347.045 0	99.997	0.487 2	4.111 6	0.818 6

图3 不同样品土壤细菌和真菌组成热图

Fig.3 Heat-map of bacteria and fungi in the different soil samples

图4 不同样品土壤细菌LEfSe分析的进化分枝

Fig.4 Evolutionary branching diagram of bacterial community LEfSe analysis in the different soil samples

图5 不同样品土壤细菌LEfSe分析的LDA值

Fig.5 LDA value of bacterial community LEfSe analysis in the different soil samples

图6 不同样品土壤真菌LEfSe分析的进化分枝

Fig.6 Evolutionary branching diagram of fungi community LEfSe analysis in the different soil samples

图7 不同样品土壤真菌LEfSe分析的LDA值

Fig.7 LDA value of fungi community LEfSe analysis in the different soil samples

图8 不同样品土壤细菌KEGG代谢通路

Fig.8 KEGG metabolic pathways of bacterial in the different soil samples

图9 不同样品土壤真菌MetaCyc代谢通路

Fig.9 MetaCyc metabolic pathways of fungi in the different soil samples

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增施微生物肥对设施黄瓜土壤微生物多样性的影响

Effects of increased application of microbial fertilizer on soil microbial diversity of cucumber in facilities

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