不同滴灌技术水肥耦合在设施黄瓜上的应用分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.016

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (2): 402-412.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.016

• 园艺特产·土壤肥料·植物保护 • 上一篇下一篇

不同滴灌技术水肥耦合在设施黄瓜上的应用分析

蒲明¹(), 宋学栋¹(), 张鹏¹, 张明敏², 张代玉³, 薛莲¹, 袁宁¹, 王海鹏¹, 高铁功¹

1.兰州市农业科技研究推广中心,兰州 730010
2.兰州市西固区农业技术推广站,兰州 730060
3.兰州市七里河区农业技术推广站,兰州 730050

收稿日期:2023-06-22 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2024-03-19
通信作者: 宋学栋(1969-),男,甘肃靖远人,副研究员,研究方向为土壤改良与节水灌溉,(E-mail)1275412291@qq.com
作者简介:蒲明(1985-),女,甘肃清水人,高级农艺师,研究方向为土壤肥料与节水灌溉,(E-mail)547050027@qq.com
基金资助:
兰州市科技计划项目“生态高效微生物土壤调理技术研发与示范推广”(2021-1-167)

Application analysis of water and fertilizer coupling of different drip irrigation techniques on facility cucumber

PU Ming¹(), SONG Xuedong¹(), ZHANG Peng¹, ZHANG Mingmin², ZHANG Daiyu³, XUE Lian¹, YUAN Ning¹, WANG Haipeng¹, GAO Tiegong¹

1. Lanzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Research and Promotion Center, Lanzhou 730010, China
2. Xigu District Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Lanzhou 730060, China
3. Qilihe District Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Lanzhou 730050, China

Received:2023-06-22 Published:2024-02-20 Online:2024-03-19
Supported by:
Lanzhou S & T Program Project "Research and Development and Demonstration of Eco-efficient Microbial Soil Conditioning Technology"(2021-1-167)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究兰州市黄壤土条件下不同滴灌方式对设施黄瓜生长发育及产量的影响。【方法】分别运用滴箭式膜下滴灌、内镶贴片式膜下滴灌、垄膜沟灌及水肥耦合处理方式对设施黄瓜理化性状、产量和品质的影响,采用三因素三水平正交试验,利用方差和回归分析得出三因素影响的最优组合方案。【结果】三因素对植株理化性状的影响不大,但对其果实的理化性状、产量、品质和水分利用率极显著,影响顺序为滴灌模式>灌水量>施肥量。三因素最优组合为滴箭式膜下滴灌:灌水量66.13 m³/hm²,施肥量为25.2 kg/hm²,日光温室黄瓜的最高产量为256 942.52 kg/hm²。【结论】滴箭式膜下滴灌和内镶贴片式膜下滴灌均能在不影响设施黄瓜产量和品质的前提下,节水节肥节本,其中以滴箭式膜下滴灌效果最佳。

关键词: 设施黄瓜; 内镶贴片式膜下滴灌; 滴箭式膜下滴灌; 水肥耦合

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effects of different drip irrigation methods on the growth and yield of cucumber under the condition of yellow loam in Lanzhou.【Methods】 The effects of drip irrigation under mulch, under drip irrigation, under mulch with inner patch, under ridge film furrow irrigation and by water and fertilizer coupling treatment on physiological traits, yield and quality of cucumber were investigated.The orthogonal test of three factors and three levels was used, and the optimal combination scheme of three factors was obtained by variance analysis and regression.【Results】 The three factors had little effect on the physical and chemical properties of the plant, but significant effects on the physical and chemical properties, yield, quality and WUE of the fruit.The order of influence was drip irrigation mode > irrigation amount > fertilization amount.The optimal combination of three factors was determined as follows:drip arrow drip irrigation under film, irrigation amount of 66.13 m³/hm², fertilization amount of 25.2 kg/hm², and the highest yield of cucumber in solar greenhouse was 256,942.52 kg/hm².【Conclusion】 Both drip arrow drip irrigation and inlaid patch drip irrigation saved water and fertilizer and cost as well without affecting the yield and quality of cucumber.Among them, drip-arrow drip irrigation under film had the best effect and was worthy of promotion.

Key words: facility cucumber; inlaid patch type drip irrigation under film; drip irrigation under film; water fertilizer coupling

中图分类号:

S642.2

蒲明, 宋学栋, 张鹏, 张明敏, 张代玉, 薛莲, 袁宁, 王海鹏, 高铁功. 不同滴灌技术水肥耦合在设施黄瓜上的应用分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(2): 402-412.

PU Ming, SONG Xuedong, ZHANG Peng, ZHANG Mingmin, ZHANG Daiyu, XUE Lian, YUAN Ning, WANG Haipeng, GAO Tiegong. Application analysis of water and fertilizer coupling of different drip irrigation techniques on facility cucumber[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(2): 402-412.

图/表 15

表1 二次回归正交组合试验设计

Tab.1 Quadratic regression orthogonal combination design test scheme

Q滴灌模式 Drip irrigation mode	W灌水量 Irrigation amount (m³/hm²)	F施肥量 Fertilization amount (kg/hm²)
Q₁(滴箭式膜下滴灌) Q₁(Drip arrow underfilm dirp irrigation)	W₁(45)	F₁(20.25)
	W₂(60)	F₂(24.3)
	W₃(75)	F₃(28.35)
Q₂(内镶贴片式膜下滴灌) Q₂(Drip irrigation under inner patch film)	W₁(45)	F₃(28.35)
	W₂(60)	F₁(20.25)
	W₃(75)	F₂(24.3)
Q₃(垄膜沟灌) Q₃(Ridge film furrow irrigation)	W₁(45)	F₂(24.3)
	W₂(60)	F₃(28.35)
	W₃(75)	F₁(20.25)

图1 三因素交互效应下黄瓜的株高、茎粗变化注:含有不同小写字母表示滴灌模式Q、灌水量W、施肥量F之间交互效应差异显著(P<0.05),下同

Fig.1 Analysis of three factors interaction on plant height and stem diameter of cucumber Note:Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences in the interaction between drip irrigation mode Q, irrigation amount W, and fertilizer rate F(P<0.05),the same as below

表2 不同处理下黄瓜果实表观性状和WUE变化

Tab.2 Analysis of different treatments on fruit appearance and WUE of cucumber

滴灌模式 Drip irrigation mode	施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	果实直径 Fruit diameter (mm)	果实长度 Fruit length (cm)	单株坐果数 Number of fruits per plant	单果质量 Single fruit quality (kg/hm²)	水分利用率 WUE (kg/m³)
Q₁	W₁F₁	29.33^c	29.33^bc	18^c	2.48^c	53.59^d
	W₂F₂	37.44^a	37.44^a	25^a	3.57^a	90.82^a
	W₃F₃	36.44^a	36.44^a	24^a	3.31^a	67.3^b
Q₂	W₁F₃	33.27^ab	33.27^a	16^d	2.05^d	40.1^e
	W₂F₁	32.12^b	32.12^b	21^ab	2.81^b	58.18^c
	W₃F₂	35.57^a	35.57^a	22^b	3.01^ab	58.91^c
Q₃	W₁F₂	34.13^a	34.13^a	20^b	2.72^b	64.24^b
	W₂F₃	34.67^a	34.67^a	22^b	2.89^b	62.13^b
	W₃F₁	31.13^bc	31.13^b	20^b	2.61^bc	43.77^d

表3 单因子与黄瓜产量的回归模型

Tab.3 Regression model of single factor and cucumber yield

Q滴灌模式 Drip irrigation mode	W灌水量 Irrigation amount	F施肥量 Fertilization amount
20 691-237 372X₁+54 135 ${X_{1}}^{2}$	20 691+359 794X₂-19 172 ${X_{2}}^{2}$	20 691+42 385X₃-16 170 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
338 683-251 345X₁+54 135 ${X_{1}}^{2}$	247 042X₂-19 172 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -86 398	114 170+43 473X₃-16 170 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
488 301-265 319X₁+54 135 ${X_{1}}^{2}$	134 290X₂-19 172 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -1769	149 761+44 561X₃-16 170 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
46 954-279 292X₁+54 135 ${X_{1}}^{2}$	226 813+21 538X₂-19 172 ${X_{2}}^{2}$	127 466+45 649X₃-16 170 ${X_{3}}^{2}$

表3 单因子与黄瓜产量的回归模型

Tab.3 Regression model of single factor and cucumber yield

Q滴灌模式 Drip irrigation mode	W灌水量 Irrigation amount	F施肥量 Fertilization amount
20 691-237 372X₁+54 135 ${X_{1}}^{2}$	20 691+359 794X₂-19 172 ${X_{2}}^{2}$	20 691+42 385X₃-16 170 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
338 683-251 345X₁+54 135 ${X_{1}}^{2}$	247 042X₂-19 172 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -86 398	114 170+43 473X₃-16 170 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
488 301-265 319X₁+54 135 ${X_{1}}^{2}$	134 290X₂-19 172 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -1769	149 761+44 561X₃-16 170 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
46 954-279 292X₁+54 135 ${X_{1}}^{2}$	226 813+21 538X₂-19 172 ${X_{2}}^{2}$	127 466+45 649X₃-16 170 ${X_{3}}^{2}$

表4 单因子与黄瓜VC含量的回归模型

Tab.4 Regression model of single factor and VC content in cucumber

Q滴灌模式 Drip irrigation mode	W灌水量 Irrigation amount	F施肥量 Fertilization amount
248.48X₁-49 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -199.91	253.53X₂-49.86 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -199.91	-241.74X₃-50.12 ${X_{3}}^{2}$ -199.91
246.58X₁-49 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -190.19	251.23X₂-49.86 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -193.98	103.04+45.52X₃-50.12 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
244.69X₁-49 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -184.6	248.95X₂-49.86 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -189.68	7.89+150.69X₃-50.12 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
242.8X₁-49 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -183.15	246.66X₂-49.86 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -186.99	346.9X₃-50.12 ${X_{3}}^{2}$ -485.38

表4 单因子与黄瓜VC含量的回归模型

Tab.4 Regression model of single factor and VC content in cucumber

Q滴灌模式 Drip irrigation mode	W灌水量 Irrigation amount	F施肥量 Fertilization amount
248.48X₁-49 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -199.91	253.53X₂-49.86 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -199.91	-241.74X₃-50.12 ${X_{3}}^{2}$ -199.91
246.58X₁-49 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -190.19	251.23X₂-49.86 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -193.98	103.04+45.52X₃-50.12 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
244.69X₁-49 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -184.6	248.95X₂-49.86 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -189.68	7.89+150.69X₃-50.12 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
242.8X₁-49 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -183.15	246.66X₂-49.86 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -186.99	346.9X₃-50.12 ${X_{3}}^{2}$ -485.38

图2 单因子下黄瓜产量和品质变化

Fig.2 Analysis of single factor effect on the yield and quality of cucumber

图3 三因子下黄瓜产量和品质的边际效应变化

Fig.3 Analysis of three factors on marginal effect on the yield and quality of cucumber

表5 单因子与黄瓜可溶性糖含量的回归模型

Tab.5 Regression model of single factor and soluble sugar content in cucumber

Q滴灌模式 Drip irrigation mode	W灌水量 Irrigation amount	F施肥量 Fertilization amount
247.81X₁-49.42 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -199	248.79X₂-49.6 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -199	-199-246.487X₃-49.67 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
247.46X₁-49.42 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -197.1	248.37X₂-49.6 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -197.84	99.31-48.71X₃-49.67 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
247.11X₁-49.42 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -196.02	247.95X₂-49.6 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -197	1.01+149.08X₃-49.67 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
246.76X₁-49.42 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -195.77	247.53X₂-49.6 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -196.5	346.86X₃-49.67 ${X_{3}}^{2}$ -493.875

表5 单因子与黄瓜可溶性糖含量的回归模型

Tab.5 Regression model of single factor and soluble sugar content in cucumber

Q滴灌模式 Drip irrigation mode	W灌水量 Irrigation amount	F施肥量 Fertilization amount
247.81X₁-49.42 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -199	248.79X₂-49.6 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -199	-199-246.487X₃-49.67 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
247.46X₁-49.42 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -197.1	248.37X₂-49.6 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -197.84	99.31-48.71X₃-49.67 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
247.11X₁-49.42 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -196.02	247.95X₂-49.6 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -197	1.01+149.08X₃-49.67 ${X_{3}}^{2}$
246.76X₁-49.42 ${X_{1}}^{2}$ -195.77	247.53X₂-49.6 ${X_{2}}^{2}$ -196.5	346.86X₃-49.67 ${X_{3}}^{2}$ -493.875

图4 三因素下黄瓜产量的交互效应

Fig.4 Interactive effect of three factors on the yield of cucumber

图5 三因素下黄瓜VC含量的交互效应

Fig.5 Interaction effect of three factors on VC content in cucumber

图6 三因素下黄瓜可溶性糖含量的交互效应

Fig.6 Interaction effect of Three factors on soluble sugar content of cucumber

表6 黄瓜产量超过167 800 kg/hm2的因子取值频率分布

Tab.6 Frequence distribution of factors for yield over 167,800 kg/hm2 of cucumber

编码 Code	滴灌模式(Q) Drip irrigation mode(Q)		灌水量(W) Irrigation amount(W)		施肥量(F) Fertilization amount(F)
编码 Code	次数 Number of times	频率 Frequency	次数 Number of times	频率 Frequency	次数 Number of times	频率 Frequency
0	0	0	0	0	0	0
1	6	0.375	1	0.063	3	0.188
2	6	0.375	9	0.563	7	0.438
3	4	0.25	6	0.375	6	0.375
均值Mean value	0.086		0.011		0.1
标准误差Error	0.05		0.002		0.036
95%的置信区间 95% confidence interval	0.059~0.113		0.009~0.012		0.082~0.118
方案Programme	1~2		58.05~73.55		23.814~26.61

表7 黄瓜VC含量超过9.87 mg/g的因子取值频率分布

Tab.7 Frequence distribution of factors for VC content over 9.87 mg/g of cucumber

编码 Code	滴灌模式(Q) Drip irrigation mode(Q)		灌水量(W) Irrigation amount(W)		施肥量(F) Fertilization amount(F)
编码 Code	次数 Number of times	频率 Frequency	次数 Number of times	频率 Frequency	次数 Number of times	频率 Frequency
0	0	0	0	0	0	0
1	4	0.5	1	0.125	3	0.375
2	2	0.25	3	0.375	2	0.25
3	2	0.25	4	0.5	3	0.375
均值Mean value	0.167		0.226		0.191
标准误差Error	0.092		0.072		0.088
95%的置信区间 95% confidence interval	0.091~0.243		0.168~0.285		0.118~0.263
方案Programme	1~2		52.8~70.65		22.28~27.18

表8 黄瓜可溶性糖含量过1.46%的因子取值频率分布

Tab.8 Frequence distribution of factors for soluble sugar content over 1.46% of cucumber

编码 Code	滴灌模式(Q) Drip irrigation mode(Q)		灌水量(W) Irrigation amount(W)		施肥量(F) Fertilization amount(F)
编码 Code	次数 Number of times	频率 Frequency	次数 Number of times	频率 Frequency	次数 Number of times	频率 Frequency
0	0	0	0	0	0	0
1	4	0.444	1	0.111	4	0.444
2	2	0.222	4	0.444	2	0.222
3	3	0.333	4	0.444	3	0.333
均值Mean value	1.215		1.501		1.215
标准误差Error	0.652		0.455		0.595
95%的置信区间 95% confidence interval	0.717~1.714		1.501~1.157		0.767~1.664
方案Programme	1~2		47.7~74.4		22.48~27.13

表9 不同滴灌模式应用效益比较

Tab.9 Application benefit analysis of different drip irrigation modes

滴灌模式 Drip irrigation mode	节水 Water conservation		节肥 Fertilizer-saving		增产增收 Increase production and income
滴灌模式 Drip irrigation mode	灌水量 Water consumption (m³)	金额 Amount of money (元)	施肥量 Fertilizer usage (kg)	金额 Amount of money (元)	产量 Production (kg)	金额 Amount of money (元)
Q₁	-810	-1 215	-56.7	-1 134	115 372.95	276 895.05
Q₂	-225	-337.5	-52.65	-1 053	45 951.15	11 028.27
Q₁-Q₂	-585	-877.5	-4.05	-81	69 421.8	166 612.32

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不同滴灌技术水肥耦合在设施黄瓜上的应用分析

Application analysis of water and fertilizer coupling of different drip irrigation techniques on facility cucumber

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