拱棚环境下“干播湿出”棉田保苗技术效果评价

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (12): 2872-2882.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.002

• 种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化·微生物 • 上一篇下一篇

拱棚环境下“干播湿出”棉田保苗技术效果评价

卢红琴¹^,²(), 白云岗²(), 柴仲平¹, 卢震林², 刘洪波², 郑明², 肖军²

1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐 830049

收稿日期:2024-05-09 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2025-01-16
通信作者: 白云岗(1974-),男,新疆奇台人,教授级高级工程师,博士,研究方向为农业水土工程,(E-mail)xjbaiyg@sina.com
作者简介:卢红琴(1997-),女,新疆伊犁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物资源高效利用,(E-mail)luhongqin2023@126.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技计划项目(2022A02007-3);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900805-04);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD190010404);国家自然科学基金项目(52269017);天山英才培养计划科技创新领军人才(2022TSYCLJ0069)

Research on the effect of "dry sowing and wet discharge" cotton field seedling preservation technology in an arched shed environment

LU Hongqin¹^,²(), BAI Yungang²(), CHAI Zhongping¹, LU Zhenlin², LIU Hongbo², ZHENG Ming², XIAO Jun²

1. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Urumqi 830049, China

Received:2024-05-09 Published:2024-12-20 Online:2025-01-16
Supported by:
Major Science and Technology Plan Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022A02007-3);National Key Research and Development Plan Project(2021YFD1900805-04);National Key Research and Development Plan Project(2022YFD190010404);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52269017);Xinjiang Tianshan Talent Leading Talent Cultivation Project(2022TSYCLJ0069)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究拱棚栽培措施下“干播湿出”对棉花出苗率、生育进程及生长机制的影响。【方法】 于2023年在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县海楼镇进行田间试验,设播种时间和拱棚栽培2个因素,常规“干播湿出”为对照,共4个处理,播种时间分别为4月7日与4月13日(4月13日是当地大田播种日期),同一播种时间采用“干播湿出”+拱棚、常规“干播湿出”2种栽培方式。分析不同处理下空气温度、土壤水-热-盐、棉花出苗率、生长指标与生理特性的响应特征。【结果】 “干播湿出”+拱棚处理下棚内温度高于大气温度,0~40 cm土层内,随着土层加深,拱棚增温效果逐步减缓,“干播湿出”+拱棚处理较常规“干播湿出”处理灌溉出苗水后0~20 cm土层平均土壤含水率提高1.57%~2.16%,20~40 cm土层平均土壤含水率提高0.46%~2.11%,且“干播湿出”+拱棚处理0~40 cm各层土壤电导率均低于“干播湿出”处理。“干播湿出”+拱棚处理棉花株高、茎粗、地上部干物质积累量显著高于“干播湿出”处理( P<0.05),“干播湿出”+拱棚处理棉花叶绿素含量、净光合速率较“干播湿出”处理分别高12.11%~14.29%、32.74%~41.68%。【结论】 拱棚处理可以使表层土壤增温,提高土壤保水能力,降低土壤盐分含量,提高棉花出苗率,促进棉花株高、茎粗、地上部干物质积累量及叶面积指数的生长,有利于棉花光合作用,且适宜早播对棉花生长的促进作用显著。

关键词: 棉花; 拱棚; 干播湿出; 棚内温度; 土壤温度; 土壤含水率

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effects of arch greenhouse cultivation measures under the technique of "dry sowing and wet emergence" on the emergence rate, growth process, and growth mechanism of cotton.【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted in Hailou Town, Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2023.The experiment was performed with two factors: sowing time and greenhouse cultivation.The conventional "dry sowing and wet emergence" was used as the control, with a total of four experimental treatments, namely: sowing time on April 7th and April 13th (April 13th is the local field sowing date).At the same sowing time, two cultivation management methods were used: "dry sowing and wet emergence"+greenhouse and conventional "dry sowing and wet emergence".Afterwards, the response characteristics under different treatments were analyzed such as air temperature, soil water heat salt, cotton emergence rate, growth indicators, and physiological characteristics under different treatments.【Results】 The temperature inside the greenhouse was higher than the atmospheric temperature under the treatment of "dry sowing and wet discharge" and "arched shed".In the 0-40 cm soil layer, as the soil layer deepened, the warming effect of the arch shed gradually slowed down.Compared with the conventional "dry sowing and wet discharge" treatment, the average soil moisture content in the 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 1.57% to 2.16%, and the average soil moisture content in the 20-40 cm soil layer increased by 0.46% to 2.11%.Moreover, the electrical conductivity of the 0-40 cm layers of soil treated with "dry sowing and wet discharge" and arched shed was lower than that of the "dry sowing and wet discharge" treatment.The height, stem diameter, and aboveground dry matter accumulation of cotton plants treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" and arched shed were significantly higher than those treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" (P<0.05).The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of cotton treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" and arched shed were 12.11%-14.29% and 32.74%-41.68% higher than those treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence", respectively.【Conclusion】 Arched shed treatment can increase surface soil temperature, improve soil water retention capacity, reduce soil salt content, increase cotton emergence rate, promote cotton plant height, stem diameter, aboveground dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index growth, which is conducive to cotton photosynthesis.In addition, early sowing has a significant promoting effect on cotton growth.

Key words: cotton; arched shed; dry sowing and wet discharge; temperature inside the shed; soil temperature; soil moisture content

中图分类号:

S289

卢红琴, 白云岗, 柴仲平, 卢震林, 刘洪波, 郑明, 肖军. 拱棚环境下“干播湿出”棉田保苗技术效果评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(12): 2872-2882.

LU Hongqin, BAI Yungang, CHAI Zhongping, LU Zhenlin, LIU Hongbo, ZHENG Ming, XIAO Jun. Research on the effect of "dry sowing and wet discharge" cotton field seedling preservation technology in an arched shed environment[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(12): 2872-2882.

图/表 13

图1 种植方式和滴灌带设置示意

Fig.1 Planting pattern and drip irrigation belt layout

表1 “干播湿出”棉花灌溉试验设计

Tab.1 Design of Irrigation Experiment for “Dry Sowing and Wet Production” of Cotton

灌水时间 (月/日) Irrigation time (M/D)	灌水定额 Irrigation quota(m³/hm²)
灌水时间 (月/日) Irrigation time (M/D)	A₁B₁	A₁B₂	A₂B₁	A₂B₂
4/13	675	675	0	0
4/19	0	0	675	675
5/10	225	225	0	0
5/16	0	0	225	225
合计Total	900	900	900	900

图2 棚内温度与大气温度的动态变化

Fig.2 Changes of dynamic changes in temperature inside and outside the greenhouse

图3 不同处理各土层土壤温度的日变化

Fig.3 Changes of daily variation of soil temperature in different soil layers under different treatments

图4 棉花苗期各处理5 cm土壤温度动态变化

Fig.4 Dynamic changes in soil temperature of 5 cm in each treatment during the seedling stage of cotton

图5 灌溉前后不同处理土壤含水率的变化

Fig.5 Changes of soil moisture content of different treatments before and after irrigation

图6 灌溉前后不同处理土壤电导率的变化

Fig.6 Changes of different soil conductivity treatments before and after irrigation

表2 不同处理下棉花出苗率的变化

Tab.2 Changes of cotton emergence rate under different treatments

处理 Treat- ments	播种日期 Sowing date (月/日) (M/D)	第一株苗出苗时间 First seedling emergence time (月/日) (M/D)	播种后出苗天数 Days of emergence after sowing (d)	出苗率 Emergence rate(%)
A₁B₁	4/7	4/14	7	87.33±0.85^a
A₁B₂	4/7	4/18	11	73.61±1.0^c
A₂B₁	4/13	4/18	5	86.67±0.69^a
A₂B₂	4/13	4/21	8	77.20±0.12^b

图7 不同处理下棉花株高、茎粗的变化

Fig.7 Changes of cotton plant height and stem diameter with time under different treatments

表3 不同处理下植株各器官干物质量的变化

Tab.3 Changes of different treatments on dry matter quality of plant organs

处理 Treat- ments	干物质积累量 Dry mass(g)		地上部干物质积累量 Mass of aboveground dry matter (g/株)
处理 Treat- ments	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	地上部干物质积累量 Mass of aboveground dry matter (g/株)
A₁B₁	4.49±0.85^a	4.14±0.97^a	8.63±0.21^a
A₁B₂	0.42±0.10^c	0.14±0.05^b	0.56±0.15^c
A₂B₁	3.17±0.12^b	3.38±0.62^a	6.55±0.28^b
A₂B₂	0.37±0.04^c	0.12±0.04^b	0.49±0.07^c

表4 不同因素下棉花出苗率及棉花生长的相关性

Tab.4 Correlation Analysis of Different Factors on Cotton Seedling Rate and Cotton Growth

因素 Factors	出苗率 Emergence rate	株高 Height	茎粗 Stem diameter
棚内温度 Temperature inside the shed	0.963^*	0.961^*	0.958^*
土壤温度 Temperature	0.978^*	0.947	0.940
宽行含水率 Wide row moisture content	0.948	0.853	0.834
窄行含水率 Narrow row moisture content	0.955^*	0.865	0.847
宽行电导率 Wide row conductivity	-0.939	-0.994^**	-0.997^**
窄行电导率 Narrow row conductivity	-0.955^*	-0.997^**	-0.998^**

图8 不同处理下棉花SPAD值、叶面积指数的变化

Fig.8 Changes of SPAD and leaf area index of cotton under different treatments

表5 不同处理下苗期光合参数的变化

Tab.5 Changes effects of Different Treatments on Photosynthetic Parameters during Seedling Stage

处理 Treatments	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (μmol/(m²·s))	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (mmol/(m²·s))	叶片气孔导度 Leaf stomatal conductance (mmol/(m²·s))	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration(μmol/mol)
A₁B₁	24.13±0.32^a	6.50±0.17^a	452±7.6^a	282±12.5^c
A₁B₂	17.03±0.29^c	4.37±0.15^b	296±4.7^c	327±4.4^a
A₂B₁	22.57±0.64^b	6.30±0.26^a	433±5.5^b	296±2.5^b
A₂B₂	16.40±0.40^c	4.23±0.21^b	277±9.1^d	331±3.2^a

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拱棚环境下“干播湿出”棉田保苗技术效果评价

Research on the effect of "dry sowing and wet discharge" cotton field seedling preservation technology in an arched shed environment

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